Annexes to COM(2022)304 - Nature restoration - Main contents
Please note
This page contains a limited version of this dossier in the EU Monitor.
| dossier | COM(2022)304 - Nature restoration. |
|---|---|
| document | COM(2022)304 |
| date | June 24, 2024 |
TERRESTRIAL, COASTAL AND FRESHWATER ECOSYSTEMS – HABITAT TYPES AND GROUPS OF HABITAT TYPES REFERRED TO IN ARTICLE 4(1) AND (4)
The list below includes all terrestrial, coastal and freshwater habitat types listed in Annex I to Directive 92/43/EEC referred to in Article 4(1) and (4), as well as six groups of those habitat types, namely 1) wetlands (coastal and inland), 2) grasslands and other pastoral habitats, 3) river, lake, alluvial and riparian habitats, 4) forests, 5) steppe, heath and scrub habitats and 6) rocky and dune habitats.
1. GROUP 1: Wetlands (coastal & inland)
| Habitat type code as referred to in Annex I to Directive 92/43/EEC | Habitat type name as referred to in Annex I to Directive 92/43/EEC |
| Coastal and salt habitats | |
| 1130 | Estuaries |
| 1140 | Mudflats and sandflats not covered by seawater at low tide |
| 1150 | Coastal lagoons |
| 1310 | Salicornia and other annuals colonizing mud and sand |
| 1320 | Spartina swards (Spartinion maritimae) |
| 1330 | Atlantic salt meadows (Glauco-Puccinellietalia maritimae) |
| 1340 | Inland salt meadows |
| 1410 | Mediterranean salt meadows (Juncetalia maritimi) |
| 1420 | Mediterranean and thermo-Atlantic halophilous scrubs (Sarcocornetea fruticosi) |
| 1530 | Pannonic salt steppes and salt marshes |
| 1650 | Boreal Baltic narrow inlets |
| Wet heaths and peat grassland | |
| 4010 | Northern Atlantic wet heaths with Erica tetralix |
| 4020 | Temperate Atlantic wet heaths with Erica ciliaris and Erica tetralix |
| 6460 | Peat grasslands of Troodos |
| Mires, bogs and fens | |
| 7110 | Active raised bogs |
| 7120 | Degraded raised bogs still capable of natural regeneration |
| 7130 | Blanket bogs |
| 7140 | Transition mires and quaking bogs |
| 7150 | Depressions on peat substrates of the Rhynchosporion |
| 7160 | Fennoscandian mineral-rich springs and springfens |
| 7210 | Calcareous fens with Cladium mariscus and species of the Caricion davallianae |
| 7220 | Petrifying springs with tufa formation (Cratoneurion) |
| 7230 | Alkaline fens |
| 7240 | Alpine pioneer formations of the Caricion bicoloris-atrofuscae |
| 7310 | Aapa mires |
| 7320 | Palsa mires |
| Wet forests | |
| 9080 | Fennoscandian deciduous swamp woods |
| 91D0 | Bog woodland |
2. GROUP 2: Grasslands and other pastoral habitats
| Habitat type code as referred to in Annex I to Directive 92/43/EEC | Habitat type name as referred to in Annex I to Directive 92/43/EEC |
| Costal and dune habitats | |
| 1630 | Boreal Baltic coastal meadows |
| 21A0 | Machairs |
| Heath and scrub habitats | |
| 4030 | European dry heaths |
| 4040 | Dry Atlantic coastal heaths with Erica vagans |
| 4090 | Endemic oro-Mediterranean heaths with gorse |
| 5130 | Juniperus communis formations on heaths or calcareous grasslands |
| 8240 | Limestone pavements |
| Grasslands | |
| 6110 | Rupicolous calcareous or basophilic grasslands of the Alysso-Sedion albi |
| 6120 | Xeric sand calcareous grasslands |
| 6130 | Calaminarian grasslands of the Violetalia calaminariae |
| 6140 | Siliceous Pyrenean Festuca eskia grasslands |
| 6150 | Siliceous alpine and boreal grasslands |
| 6160 | Oro-Iberian Festuca indigesta grasslands |
| 6170 | Alpine and subalpine calcareous grasslands |
| 6180 | Macaronesian mesophile grasslands |
| 6190 | Rupicolous pannonic grasslands (Stipo-Festucetalia pallentis) |
| 6210 | Semi-natural dry grasslands and scrubland facies on calcareous substrates (Festuco-Brometalia) |
| 6220 | Pseudo-steppe with grasses and annuals of the Thero-Brachypodietea |
| 6230 | Species-rich Nardus grasslands, on silicious substrates in mountain areas (and submountain areas in Continental Europe) |
| 6240 | Sub-Pannonic steppic grasslands |
| 6250 | Pannonic loess steppic grasslands |
| 6260 | Pannonic sand steppes |
| 6270 | Fennoscandian lowland species-rich dry to mesic grasslands |
| 6280 | Nordic alvar and precambrian calcareous flatrocks |
| 62A0 | Eastern sub-Mediterranean dry grasslands (Scorzoneratalia villosae) |
| 62B0 | Serpentinophilous grassland of Cyprus |
| 62C0 | Ponto-Sarmatic steppes |
| 62D0 | Oro-Moesian acidophilous grasslands |
| 6410 | Molinia meadows on calcareous, peaty or clayey-silt-laden soils (Molinion caeruleae) |
| 6420 | Mediterranean tall humid grasslands of the Molinio-Holoschoenion |
| 6510 | Lowland hay meadows (Alopecurus pratensis, Sanguisorba officinalis) |
| 6520 | Mountain hay meadows |
| Dehesas and wooded meadows | |
| 6310 | Dehesas with evergreen Quercus spp. |
| 6530 | Fennoscandian wooded meadows |
| 9070 | Fennoscandian wooded pastures |
3. GROUP 3: River, lake, alluvial and riparian habitats
| Habitat type code as referred to in Annex I to Directive 92/43/EEC | Habitat type name as referred to in Annex I to Directive 92/43/EEC |
| Rivers and lakes | |
| 3110 | Oligotrophic waters containing very few minerals of sandy plains (Littorelletalia uniflorae) |
| 3120 | Oligotrophic waters containing very few minerals generally on sandy soils of the West Mediterranean, with Isoetes spp. |
| 3130 | Oligotrophic to mesotrophic standing waters with vegetation of the Littorelletea uniflorae and/or of the Isoëto-Nanojuncetea |
| 3140 | Hard oligo-mesotrophic waters with benthic vegetation of Chara spp. |
| 3150 | Natural eutrophic lakes with Magnopotamion or Hydrocharition — type vegetation |
| 3160 | Natural dystrophic lakes and ponds |
| 3170 | Mediterranean temporary ponds |
| 3180 | Turloughs |
| 3190 | Lakes of gypsum karst |
| 31A0 | Transylvanian hot-spring lotus beds |
| 3210 | Fennoscandian natural rivers |
| 3220 | Alpine rivers and the herbaceous vegetation along their banks |
| 3230 | Alpine rivers and their ligneous vegetation with Myricaria germanica |
| 3240 | Alpine rivers and their ligneous vegetation with Salix elaeagnos |
| 3250 | Constantly flowing Mediterranean rivers with Glaucium flavum |
| 3260 | Water courses of plain to montane levels with the Ranunculion fluitantis and Callitricho-Batrachion vegetation |
| 3270 | Rivers with muddy banks with Chenopodion rubri p.p. and Bidention p.p. vegetation |
| 3280 | Constantly flowing Mediterranean rivers with Paspalo-Agrostidion species and hanging curtains of Salix and Populus alba |
| 3290 | Intermittently flowing Mediterranean rivers of the Paspalo-Agrostidion |
| 32A0 | Tufa cascades of karstic rivers of the Dinaric Alps |
| Alluvial meadows | |
| 6430 | Hydrophilous tall herb fringe communities of plains and of the montane to alpine levels |
| 6440 | Alluvial meadows of river valleys of the Cnidion dubii |
| 6450 | Northern boreal alluvial meadows |
| 6540 | Sub-Mediterranean grasslands of the Molinio-Hordeion secalini |
| Alluvial/Riparian forests | |
| 9160 | Sub-Atlantic and medio-European oak or oak-hornbeam forests of the Carpinion betuli |
| 91E0 | Alluvial forests with Alnus glutinosa and Fraxinus excelsior (Alno-Padion, Alnion incanae, Salicion albae) |
| 91F0 | Riparian mixed forests of Quercus robur, Ulmus laevis and Ulmus minor, Fraxinus excelsior or Fraxinus angustifolia, along the great rivers (Ulmenion minoris) |
| 92A0 | Salix alba and Populus alba galleries |
| 92B0 | Riparian formations on intermittent Mediterranean water courses with Rhododendron ponticum, Salix and others |
| 92C0 | Platanus orientalis and Liquidambar orientalis woods (Platanion orientalis) |
| 92D0 | Southern riparian galleries and thickets (Nerio-Tamaricetea and Securinegion tinctoriae) |
| 9370 | Palm groves of Phoenix |
4. GROUP 4: Forests
| Habitat type code as referred to in Annex I to Directive 92/43/EEC | Habitat type name as referred to in Annex I to Directive 92/43/EEC |
| Boreal forests | |
| 9010 | Western Taïga |
| 9020 | Fennoscandian hemiboreal natural old broad-leaved deciduous forests (Quercus, Tilia, Acer, Fraxinus or Ulmus) rich in epiphytes |
| 9030 | Natural forests of primary succession stages of landupheaval coast |
| 9040 | Nordic subalpine/subarctic forests with Betula pubescens ssp. czerepanovii |
| 9050 | Fennoscandian herb-rich forests with Picea abies |
| 9060 | Coniferous forests on, or connected to, glaciofluvial eskers |
| Temperate forests | |
| 9110 | Luzulo-Fagetum beech forests |
| 9120 | Atlantic acidophilous beech forests with Ilex and sometimes also Taxus in the shrublayer (Quercion robori-petraeae or Ilici-Fagenion) |
| 9130 | Asperulo-Fagetum beech forests |
| 9140 | Medio-European subalpine beech woods with Acer and Rumex arifolius |
| 9150 | Medio-European limestone beech forests of the Cephalanthero-Fagion |
| 9170 | Galio-Carpinetum oak-hornbeam forests |
| 9180 | Tilio-Acerion forests of slopes, screes and ravines |
| 9190 | Old acidophilous oak woods with Quercus robur on sandy plains |
| 91A0 | Old sessile oak woods with Ilex and Blechnum in the British Isles |
| 91B0 | Thermophilous Fraxinus angustifolia woods |
| 91G0 | Pannonic woods with Quercus petraea and Carpinus betulus |
| 91H0 | Pannonian woods with Quercus pubescens |
| 91I0 | Euro-Siberian steppic woods with Quercus spp. |
| 91J0 | Taxus baccata woods of the British Isles |
| 91K0 | Illyrian Fagus sylvatica forests (Aremonio-Fagion) |
| 91L0 | Illyrian oak-hornbeam forests (Erythronio-Carpinion) |
| 91M0 | Pannonian-Balkanic turkey oak – sessile oak forests |
| 91P0 | Holy Cross fir forest (Abietetum polonicum) |
| 91Q0 | Western Carpathian calcicolous Pinus sylvestris forests |
| 91R0 | Dinaric dolomite Scots pine forests (Genisto januensis-Pinetum) |
| 91S0 | Western Pontic beech forests |
| 91T0 | Central European lichen Scots pine forests |
| 91U0 | Sarmatic steppe pine forest |
| 91V0 | Dacian Beech forests (Symphyto-Fagion) |
| 91W0 | Moesian beech forests |
| 91X0 | Dobrogean beech forests |
| 91Y0 | Dacian oak & hornbeam forests |
| 91Z0 | Moesian silver lime woods |
| 91AA | Eastern white oak woods |
| 91BA | Moesian silver fir forests |
| 91CA | Rhodopide and Balkan Range Scots pine forests |
| Mediterranean and Macaronesian forests | |
| 9210 | Apeninne beech forests with Taxus and Ilex |
| 9220 | Apennine beech forests with Abies alba and beech forests with Abies nebrodensis |
| 9230 | Galicio-Portuguese oak woods with Quercus robur and Quercus pyrenaica |
| 9240 | Quercus faginea and Quercus canariensis Iberian woods |
| 9250 | Quercus trojana woods |
| 9260 | Castanea sativa woods |
| 9270 | Hellenic beech forests with Abies borisii-regis |
| 9280 | Quercus frainetto woods |
| 9290 | Cupressus forests (Acero-Cupression) |
| 9310 | Aegean Quercus brachyphylla woods |
| 9320 | Olea and Ceratonia forests |
| 9330 | Quercus suber forests |
| 9340 | Quercus ilex and Quercus rotundifolia forests |
| 9350 | Quercus macrolepis forests |
| 9360 | Macaronesian laurel forests (Laurus, Ocotea) |
| 9380 | Forests of Ilex aquifolium |
| 9390 | Scrub and low forest vegetation with Quercus alnifolia |
| 93A0 | Woodlands with Quercus infectoria (Anagyro foetidae-Quercetum infectoriae) |
| Mountainous coniferous forests | |
| 9410 | Acidophilous Picea forests of the montane to alpine levels (Vaccinio-Piceetea) |
| 9420 | Alpine Larix decidua and/or Pinus cembra forests |
| 9430 | Subalpine and montane Pinus uncinata forests |
| 9510 | Southern Apennine Abies alba forests |
| 9520 | Abies pinsapo forests |
| 9530 | (Sub-) Mediterranean pine forests with endemic black pines |
| 9540 | Mediterranean pine forests with endemic Mesogean pines |
| 9550 | Canarian endemic pine forests |
| 9560 | Endemic forests with Juniperus spp. |
| 9570 | Tetraclinis articulata forests |
| 9580 | Mediterranean Taxus baccata woods |
| 9590 | Cedrus brevifolia forests (Cedrosetum brevifoliae) |
| 95A0 | High oro-Mediterranean pine forests |
5. GROUP 5: Steppe, heath and scrub habitats
| Habitat type code as referred to in Annex I to Directive 92/43/EEC | Habitat type name as referred to in Annex I to Directive 92/43/EEC |
| Salt and gypsum steppes | |
| 1430 | Halo-nitrophilous scrubs (Pegano-Salsoletea) |
| 1510 | Mediterranean salt steppes (Limonietalia) |
| 1520 | Iberian gypsum vegetation (Gypsophiletalia) |
| Temperate heath and scrub | |
| 4050 | Endemic macaronesian heaths |
| 4060 | Alpine and Boreal heaths |
| 4070 | Bushes with Pinus mugo and Rhododendron hirsutum (Mugo-Rhododendretum hirsuti) |
| 4080 | Sub-Arctic Salix spp. scrub |
| 40A0 | Subcontinental peri-Pannonic scrub |
| 40B0 | Rhodope Potentilla fruticosa thickets |
| 40C0 | Ponto-Sarmatic deciduous thickets |
| Sclerophyllous scrub (matorral) | |
| 5110 | Stable xerothermophilous formations with Buxus sempervirens on rock slopes (Berberidion p.p.) |
| 5120 | Mountain Cytisus purgans formations |
| 5140 | Cistus palhinhae formations on maritime wet heaths |
| 5210 | Arborescent matorral with Juniperus spp. |
| 5220 | Arborescent matorral with Zyziphus |
| 5230 | Arborescent matorral with Laurus nobilis |
| 5310 | Laurus nobilis thickets |
| 5320 | Low formations of Euphorbia close to cliffs |
| 5330 | Thermo-Mediterranean and pre-desert scrub |
| 5410 | West Mediterranean clifftop phryganas (Astragalo-Plantaginetum subulatae) |
| 5420 | Sarcopoterium spinosum phryganas |
| 5430 | Endemic phryganas of the Euphorbio-Verbascion |
6. GROUP 6: Rocky and dune habitats
| Habitat type code as referred to in Annex I to Directive 92/43/EEC | Habitat type name as referred to in Annex I to Directive 92/43/EEC |
| Sea cliffs, beaches, and islets | |
| 1210 | Annual vegetation of drift lines |
| 1220 | Perennial vegetation of stony banks |
| 1230 | Vegetated sea cliffs of the Atlantic and Baltic Coasts |
| 1240 | Vegetated sea cliffs of the Mediterranean coasts with endemic Limonium spp. |
| 1250 | Vegetated sea cliffs with endemic flora of the Macaronesian coasts |
| 1610 | Baltic esker islands with sandy, rocky and shingle beach vegetation and sublittoral vegetation |
| 1620 | Boreal Baltic islets and small islands |
| 1640 | Boreal Baltic sandy beaches with perennial vegetation |
| Coastal and inland dunes | |
| 2110 | Embryonic shifting dunes |
| 2120 | Shifting dunes along the shoreline with Ammophila arenaria (‘white dunes’) |
| 2130 | Fixed coastal dunes with herbaceous vegetation (‘grey dunes’) |
| 2140 | Decalcified fixed dunes with Empetrum nigrum |
| 2150 | Atlantic decalcified fixed dunes (Calluno-Ulicetea) |
| 2160 | Dunes with Hippophaë rhamnoides |
| 2170 | Dunes with Salix repens ssp. argentea (Salicion arenariae) |
| 2180 | Wooded dunes of the Atlantic, Continental and Boreal region |
| 2190 | Humid dune slacks |
| 2210 | Crucianellion maritimae fixed beach dunes |
| 2220 | Dunes with Euphorbia terracina |
| 2230 | Malcolmietalia dune grasslands |
| 2240 | Brachypodietalia dune grasslands with annuals |
| 2250 | Coastal dunes with Juniperus spp. |
| 2260 | Cisto-Lavenduletalia dune sclerophyllous scrubs |
| 2270 | Wooded dunes with Pinus pinea and/or Pinus pinaster |
| 2310 | Dry sand heaths with Calluna and Genista |
| 2320 | Dry sand heaths with Calluna and Empetrum nigrum |
| 2330 | Inland dunes with open Corynephorus and Agrostis grasslands |
| 2340 | Pannonic inland dunes |
| 91N0 | Pannonic inland sand dune thicket (Junipero-Populetum albae) |
| Rocky habitats | |
| 8110 | Siliceous scree of the montane to snow levels (Androsacetalia alpinae and Galeopsietalia ladani) |
| 8120 | Calcareous and calcshist screes of the montane to alpine levels (Thlaspietea rotundifolii) |
| 8130 | Western Mediterranean and thermophilous scree |
| 8140 | Eastern Mediterranean screes |
| 8150 | Medio-European upland siliceous screes |
| 8160 | Medio-European calcareous scree of hill and montane levels |
| 8210 | Calcareous rocky slopes with chasmophytic vegetation |
| 8220 | Siliceous rocky slopes with chasmophytic vegetation |
| 8230 | Siliceous rock with pioneer vegetation of the Sedo-Scleranthion or of the Sedo albi-Veronicion dillenii |
| 8310 | Caves not open to the public |
| 8320 | Fields of lava and natural excavations |
| 8340 | Permanent glaciers |
ANNEX II
MARINE ECOSYSTEMS – HABITAT TYPES AND GROUPS OF HABITAT TYPES REFERRED TO IN ARTICLE 5(1) AND (2)
The list below includes the marine habitat types referred to in Article 5(1) and (2), as well as seven groups of those habitat types, namely 1) seagrass beds, 2) macroalgal forests, 3) shellfish beds, 4) maerl beds, 5) sponge, coral and coralligenous beds, 6) vents and seeps and 7) soft sediments (not deeper than 1 000 metres of depth). The relation with the habitat types listed in Annex I to Directive 92/43/EEC is also presented.
The classification of marine habitat types used, differentiated by marine biogeographical regions, is made according to the European nature information system (EUNIS), as revised for the marine habitats typology in 2022 by the EEA. The information on the related habitats listed in Annex I to Directive 92/43/EEC is based on the crosswalk published by the EEA in 2021 (1).
1. Group 1: Seagrass beds
| EUNIS code | EUNIS habitat type name | Related habitat type code as referred to in Annex I to Directive 92/43/EEC |
| Atlantic | ||
| MA522 | Seagrass beds on Atlantic littoral sand | 1140; 1160 |
| MA623 | Seagrass beds on Atlantic littoral mud | 1140; 1160 |
| MB522 | Seagrass beds on Atlantic infralittoral sand | 1110; 1150; 1160 |
| Baltic Sea | ||
| MA332 | Baltic hydrolittoral coarse sediment characterised by submerged vegetation | 1130; 1160; 1610; 1620 |
| MA432 | Baltic hydrolittoral mixed sediment characterised by submerged vegetation | 1130; 1140; 1160; 1610 |
| MA532 | Baltic hydrolittoral sand characterised by submerged rooted plants | 1130; 1140; 1160; 1610 |
| MA632 | Baltic hydrolittoral mud dominated by submerged rooted plants | 1130; 1140; 1160; 1650 |
| MB332 | Baltic infralittoral coarse sediment characterised by submerged rooted plants | 1110; 1160 |
| MB432 | Baltic infralittoral mixed sediment characterised by submerged rooted plants | 1110; 1160; 1650 |
| MB532 | Baltic infralittoral sand characterised by submerged rooted plants | 1110; 1130; 1150; 1160 |
| MB632 | Baltic infralittoral mud sediment characterised by submerged rooted plants | 1130; 1150; 1160; 1650 |
| Black Sea | ||
| MB546 | Seagrass and rhizomatous algal meadows in Black Sea freshwater influenced infralittoral muddy sands | 1110; 1130; 1160 |
| MB547 | Black Sea seagrass meadows on moderately exposed upper infralittoral clean sands | 1110; 1160 |
| MB548 | Black Sea seagrass meadows on lower infralittoral sands | 1110; 1160 |
| Mediterranean Sea | ||
| MB252 | Biocenosis of Posidonia oceanica | 1120 |
| MB2521 | Ecomorphosis of striped Posidonia oceanica meadows | 1120; 1130; 1160 |
| MB2522 | Ecomorphosis of ‘barrier-reef’Posidonia oceanica meadows | 1120; 1130; 1160 |
| MB2523 | Facies of dead ‘mattes’ of Posidonia oceanica without much epiflora | 1120; 1130; 1160 |
| MB2524 | Association with Caulerpa prolifera on Posidonia beds | 1120; 1130; 1160 |
| MB5521 | Association with Cymodocea nodosa on well sorted fine sands | 1110; 1130; 1160 |
| MB5534 | Association with Cymodocea nodosa on superficial muddy sands in sheltered waters | 1110; 1130; 1160 |
| MB5535 | Association with Zostera noltei on superficial muddy sands in sheltered waters | 1110; 1130; 1160 |
| MB5541 | Association with Ruppia cirrhosa and/or Ruppia maritima on sand | 1110; 1130; 1160 |
| MB5544 | Association with Zostera noltei in euryhaline and eurythermal environment on sand | 1110; 1130; 1160 |
| MB5545 | Association with Zostera marina in euryhaline and eurythermal environment | 1110; 1130; 1160 |
2. Group 2: Macroalgal forests
| EUNIS code | EUNIS habitat type name | Related habitat type code as referred to in Annex I to Directive 92/43/EEC |
| Atlantic | ||
| MA123 | Seaweed communities on full salinity Atlantic littoral rock | 1160; 1170; 1130 |
| MA125 | Fucoids on variable salinity Atlantic littoral rock | 1170; 1130 |
| MB121 | Kelp and seaweed communities on Atlantic infralittoral rock | 1170; 1160 |
| MB123 | Kelp and seaweed communities on sediment-affected or disturbed Atlantic infralittoral rock | 1170; 1160 |
| MB124 | Kelp communities on variable salinity Atlantic infralittoral rock | 1170; 1130; 1160 |
| MB321 | Kelp and seaweed communities on Atlantic infralittoral coarse sediment | 1160 |
| MB521 | Kelp and seaweed communities on Atlantic infralittoral sand | 1160 |
| MB621 | Vegetated communities on Atlantic infralittoral mud | 1160 |
| Baltic Sea | ||
| MA131 | Baltic hydrolittoral rock and boulders characterised by perennial algae | 1160; 1170; 1130; 1610; 1620 |
| MB131 | Perennial algae on Baltic infralittoral rock and boulders | 1170; 1160 |
| MB232 | Baltic infralittoral bottoms characterised by shell gravel | 1160; 1110 |
| MB333 | Baltic infralittoral coarse sediment characterised by perennial algae | 1110; 1160 |
| MB433 | Baltic infralittoral mixed sediment characterised by perennial algae | 1110; 1130; 1160; 1170 |
| Black Sea | ||
| MB144 | Mytilid-dominated Black Sea exposed upper infralittoral rock with fucales | 1170; 1160 |
| MB149 | Mytilid-dominated Black Sea moderately exposed upper infralittoral rock with fucales | 1170; 1160 |
| MB14A | Fucales and other algae on Black Sea sheltered upper infralittoral rock, well illuminated | 1170; 1160 |
| Mediterranean Sea | ||
| MA1548 | Association with Fucus virsoides | 1160; 1170 |
| MB1512 | Association with Cystoseira tamariscifolia and Saccorhiza polyschides | 1170; 1160 |
| MB1513 | Association with Cystoseira amentacea (var. amentacea, var. stricta, var. spicata) | 1170; 1160 |
| MB151F | Association with Cystoseira brachycarpa | 1170; 1160 |
| MB151G | Association with Cystoseira crinita | 1170; 1160 |
| MB151H | Association with Cystoseira crinitophylla | 1170; 1160 |
| MB151J | Association with Cystoseira sauvageauana | 1170; 1160 |
| MB151K | Association with Cystoseira spinosa | 1170; 1160 |
| MB151L | Association with Sargassum vulgare | 1170; 1160 |
| MB151M | Association with Dictyopteris polypodioides | 1170; 1160 |
| MB151W | Association with Cystoseira compressa | 1170; 1160 |
| MB1524 | Association with Cystoseira barbata | 1170; 1160 |
| MC1511 | Association with Cystoseira zosteroides | 1170; 1160 |
| MC1512 | Association with Cystoseira usneoides | 1170; 1160 |
| MC1513 | Association with Cystoseira dubia | 1170; 1160 |
| MC1514 | Association with Cystoseira corniculata | 1170; 1160 |
| MC1515 | Association with Sargassum spp. | 1170; 1160 |
| MC1518 | Association with Laminaria ochroleuca | 1170; 1160 |
| MC3517 | Association with Laminaria rodriguezii on detritic beds | 1160 |
3. Group 3: Shellfish beds
| EUNIS code | EUNIS habitat type name | Related habitat type code as referred to in Annex I to Directive 92/43/EEC |
| Atlantic | ||
| MA122 | Mytilus edulis and/or barnacle communities on wave-exposed Atlantic littoral rock | 1160; 1170 |
| MA124 | Mussel and/or barnacle communities with seaweeds on Atlantic littoral rock | 1160; 1170 |
| MA227 | Bivalve reefs in the Atlantic littoral zone | 1170; 1140 |
| MB222 | Bivalve reefs in the Atlantic infralittoral zone | 1170; 1130; 1160 |
| MC223 | Bivalve reefs in the Atlantic circalittoral zone | 1170 |
| Baltic Sea | ||
| MB231 | Baltic infralittoral bottoms dominated by epibenthic bivalves | 1170; 1160 |
| MC231 | Baltic circalittoral bottoms dominated by epibenthic bivalves | 1170; 1160; 1110 |
| MD231 | Baltic offshore circalittoral biogenic bottoms characterised by epibenthic bivalves | 1170 |
| MD232 | Baltic offshore circalittoral shell gravel bottoms characterised by bivalves | 1170 |
| MD431 | Baltic offshore circalittoral mixed bottoms characterised by macroscopic epibenthic biotic structures | |
| MD531 | Baltic offshore circalittoral sand characterised by macroscopic epibenthic biotic structures | |
| MD631 | Baltic offshore circalittoral mud characterised by epibenthic bivalves | |
| Black Sea | ||
| MB141 | Invertebrate-dominated Black Sea lower infralittoral rock | 1170 |
| MB143 | Mytilid-dominated Black Sea exposed upper infralittoral rock with foliose algae (no Fucales) | 1170; 1160 |
| MB148 | Mytilid-dominated Black Sea moderately exposed upper infralittoral rock with foliose algae (other than Fucales) | 1170; 1160 |
| MB242 | Mussel beds in the Black Sea infralittoral zone | 1170; 1130; 1160 |
| MB243 | Oyster reefs on Black Sea lower infralittoral rock | 1170 |
| MB642 | Black Sea infralittoral terrigenous muds | 1160 |
| MC141 | Invertebrate-dominated Black Sea circalittoral rock | 1170 |
| MC241 | Mussel beds on Black Sea circalittoral terrigenous muds | 1170 |
| MC645 | Black Sea lower circalittoral mud | |
| Mediterranean Sea | ||
| MA1544 | Facies with Mytilus galloprovincialis in waters enriched in organic matter | 1160; 1170 |
| MB1514 | Facies with Mytilus galloprovincialis | 1170; 1160 |
| Mediterranean infralittoral oyster beds | ||
| Mediterranean circalittoral oyster beds |
4. Group 4: Maerl beds
| EUNIS code | EUNIS habitat type name | Related habitat type code as referred to in Annex I to Directive 92/43/EEC |
| Atlantic | ||
| MB322 | Maerl beds on Atlantic infralittoral coarse sediment | 1110; 1160 |
| MB421 | Maerl beds on Atlantic infralittoral mixed sediment | 1110; 1160 |
| MB622 | Maerl beds on Atlantic infralittoral muddy sediment | 1110; 1160 |
| Mediterranean Sea | ||
| MB3511 | Association with rhodolithes in coarse sands and fine gravels mixed by waves | 1110; 1160 |
| MB3521 | Association with rhodolithes in coarse sands and fine gravels under the influence of bottom currents | 1110; 1160 |
| MB3522 | Association with maerl (= Association with Lithothamnion corallioides and Phymatolithon calcareum) on Mediterranean coarse sands and gravel | 1110; 1160 |
| MC3521 | Association with rhodolithes on coastal detritic bottoms | 1110 |
| MC3523 | Association with maerl (Lithothamnion corallioides and Phymatholithon calcareum) on coastal dendritic bottoms | 1110 |
5. Group 5: Sponge, coral and coralligenous beds
| EUNIS code | EUNIS habitat type name | Related habitat type code as referred to in Annex I to Directive 92/43/EEC |
| Atlantic | ||
| MC121 | Faunal turf communities on Atlantic circalittoral rock | 1170 |
| MC124 | Faunal communities on variable salinity Atlantic circalittoral rock | 1170; 1130 |
| MC126 | Communities of Atlantic circalittoral caves and overhangs | 8330; 1170 |
| MC222 | Cold water coral reefs in the Atlantic circalittoral zone | 1170 |
| MD121 | Sponge communities on Atlantic offshore circalittoral rock | 1170 |
| MD221 | Cold water coral reefs in the Atlantic offshore circalittoral zone | 1170 |
| ME122 | Sponge communities on Atlantic upper bathyal rock | 1170 |
| ME123 | Mixed cold water coral communities on Atlantic upper bathyal rock | 1170 |
| ME221 | Atlantic upper bathyal cold water coral reef | 1170 |
| ME322 | Mixed cold water coral community on Atlantic upper bathyal coarse sediment | |
| ME324 | Sponge aggregation on Atlantic upper bathyal coarse sediment | |
| ME422 | Sponge aggregation on Atlantic upper bathyal mixed sediment | |
| ME623 | Sponge aggregation on Atlantic upper bathyal mud | |
| ME624 | Erect coral field on Atlantic upper bathyal mud | |
| MF121 | Mixed cold water coral community on Atlantic lower bathyal rock | 1170 |
| MF221 | Atlantic lower bathyal cold water coral reef | 1170 |
| MF321 | Mixed cold water coral community on Atlantic lower bathyal coarse sediment | |
| MF622 | Sponge aggregation on Atlantic lower bathyal mud | |
| MF623 | Erect coral field on Atlantic lower bathyal mud | |
| Baltic Sea | ||
| MB138 | Baltic infralittoral rock and boulders characterized by epibenthic sponges | 1170; 1160 |
| MB43A | Baltic infralittoral mixed sediment characterized by epibenthic sponges (Porifera) | 1160; 1170 |
| MC133 | Baltic circalittoral rock and boulders characterized by epibenthic cnidarians | 1170; 1160 |
| MC136 | Baltic circalittoral rock and boulders characterized by epibenthic sponges | 1170; 1160 |
| MC433 | Baltic circalittoral mixed sediment characterized by epibenthic cnidarians | 1160; 1170 |
| MC436 | Baltic circalittoral mixed sediment characterized by epibenthic sponges | 1160 |
| Black Sea | ||
| MD24 | Black Sea offshore circalittoral biogenic habitats | 1170 |
| ME14 | Black Sea upper bathyal rock | 1170 |
| ME24 | Black Sea upper bathyal biogenic habitat | 1170 |
| MF14 | Black Sea lower bathyal rock | 1170 |
| Mediterranean Sea | ||
| MB151E | Facies with Cladocora caespitosa | 1170; 1160 |
| MB151Q | Facies with Astroides calycularis | 1170; 1160 |
| MB151α | Facies and association of coralligenous biocenosis (in enclave) | 1170; 1160 |
| MC1519 | Facies with Eunicella cavolini | 1170; 1160 |
| MC151A | Facies with Eunicella singularis | 1170; 1160 |
| MC151B | Facies with Paramuricea clavata | 1170; 1160 |
| MC151E | Facies with Leptogorgia sarmentosa | 1170; 1160 |
| MC151F | Facies with Anthipatella subpinnata and sparse red algae | 1170; 1160 |
| MC151G | Facies with massive sponges and sparse red algae | 1170; 1160 |
| MC1522 | Facies with Corallium rubrum | 8330; 1170 |
| MC1523 | Facies with Leptopsammia pruvoti | 8330; 1170 |
| MC251 | Coralligenous platforms | 1170 |
| MC6514 | Facies of sticky muds with Alcyonium palmatum and Parastichopus regalis on circalittoral mud | 1160 |
| MD151 | Biocenosis of Mediterranean shelf-edge rock | 1170 |
| MD25 | Mediterranean offshore circalittoral biogenic habitats | 1170 |
| MD6512 | Facies of sticky muds with Alcyonium palmatum and Parastichopus regalis on lower circalittoral mud | |
| ME1511 | Mediterranean upper bathyal Lophelia pertusa reefs | 1170 |
| ME1512 | Mediterranean upper bathyal Madrepora oculata reefs | 1170 |
| ME1513 | Mediterranean upper bathyal Madrepora oculata and Lophelia pertusa reefs | 1170 |
| ME6514 | Mediterranean upper bathyal facies of with Pheronema carpenteri | |
| MF1511 | Mediterranean lower bathyal Lophelia pertusa reefs | 1170 |
| MF1512 | Mediterranean lower bathyal Madrepora oculata reefs | 1170 |
| MF1513 | Mediterranean lower bathyal Madrepora oculata and Lophelia pertusa reefs | 1170 |
| MF6511 | Mediterranean lower bathyal facies of sandy muds with Thenea muricata | |
| MF6513 | Mediterranean lower bathyal facies of compact muds with Isidella elongata |
6. Group 6: Vents and seeps
| EUNIS code | EUNIS habitat type name | Related habitat type code as referred to in Annex I to Directive 92/43/EEC |
| Atlantic | ||
| MB128 | Vents and seeps in Atlantic infralittoral rock | 1170; 1160; 1180 |
| MB627 | Vents and seeps in Atlantic infralittoral mud | 1130; 1160 |
| MC127 | Vents and seeps in Atlantic circalittoral rock | 1170; 1180 |
| MC622 | Vents and seeps in Atlantic circalittoral mud | 1160 |
| MD122 | Vents and seeps on Atlantic offshore circalittoral rock | 1170 |
| MD622 | Vents and seeps in Atlantic offshore circalittoral mud |
7. Group 7: Soft sediments (not deeper than 1 000 metres of depth)
| EUNIS code | EUNIS habitat type name | Related habitat type code as referred to in Annex I to Directive 92/43/EEC |
| Atlantic | ||
| MA32 | Atlantic littoral coarse sediment | 1130; 1160 |
| MA42 | Atlantic littoral mixed sediment | 1130; 1140; 1160 |
| MA52 | Atlantic littoral sand | 1130; 1140; 1160 |
| MA62 | Atlantic littoral mud | 1130; 1140; 1160 |
| MB32 | Atlantic infralittoral coarse sediment | 1110; 1130; 1160 |
| MB42 | Atlantic infralittoral mixed sediment | 1110; 1130; 1150; 1160 |
| MB52 | Atlantic infralittoral sand | 1110; 1130; 1150; 1160 |
| MB62 | Atlantic infralittoral mud | 1110; 1130; 1160 |
| MC32 | Atlantic circalittoral coarse sediment | 1110; 1160 |
| MC42 | Atlantic circalittoral mixed sediment | 1110; 1160 |
| MC52 | Atlantic circalittoral sand | 1110; 1160 |
| MC62 | Atlantic circalittoral mud | 1160 |
| MD32 | Atlantic offshore circalittoral coarse sediment | |
| MD42 | Atlantic offshore circalittoral mixed sediment | |
| MD52 | Atlantic offshore circalittoral sand | |
| MD62 | Atlantic offshore circalittoral mud | |
| ME32 | Atlantic upper bathyal coarse sediment | |
| ME42 | Atlantic upper bathyal mixed sediment | |
| ME52 | Atlantic upper bathyal sand | |
| ME62 | Atlantic upper bathyal mud | |
| MF32 | Atlantic lower bathyal coarse sediment | |
| MF42 | Atlantic lower bathyal mixed sediment | |
| MF52 | Atlantic lower bathyal sand | |
| MF62 | Atlantic lower bathyal mud | |
| Baltic Sea | ||
| MA33 | Baltic hydrolittoral coarse sediment | 1130; 1160; 1610; 1620 |
| MA43 | Baltic hydrolittoral mixed sediment | 1130; 1140; 1160; 1610 |
| MA53 | Baltic hydrolittoral sand | 1130; 1140; 1160; 1610 |
| MA63 | Baltic hydrolittoral mud | 1130; 1140; 1160; 1650 |
| MB33 | Baltic infralittoral coarse sediment | 1110; 1150; 1160 |
| MB43 | Baltic infralittoral mixed sediment | 1110; 1130; 1150; 1160; 1170; 1650 |
| MB53 | Baltic infralittoral sand | 1110; 1130; 1150; 1160 |
| MB63 | Baltic infralittoral mud | 1130; 1150; 1160; 1650 |
| MC33 | Baltic circalittoral coarse sediment | 1110; 1160 |
| MC43 | Baltic circalittoral mixed sediment | 1160; 1170 |
| MC53 | Baltic circalittoral sand | 1110; 1160 |
| MC63 | Baltic circalittoral mud | 1160; 1650 |
| MD33 | Baltic offshore circalittoral coarse sediment | |
| MD43 | Baltic offshore circalittoral mixed sediment | |
| MD53 | Baltic offshore circalittoral sand | |
| MD63 | Baltic offshore circalittoral mud | |
| Black Sea | ||
| MA34 | Black Sea littoral coarse sediment | 1160 |
| MA44 | Black Sea littoral mixed sediment | 1130; 1140; 1160 |
| MA54 | Black Sea littoral sand | 1130; 1140; 1160 |
| MA64 | Black Sea littoral mud | 1130; 1140; 1160 |
| MB34 | Black Sea infralittoral coarse sediment | 1110; 1160 |
| MB44 | Black Sea infralittoral mixed sediment | 1110; 1170 |
| MB54 | Black Sea infralittoral sand | 1110; 1130; 1160 |
| MB64 | Black Sea infralittoral mud | 1130; 1160 |
| MC34 | Black Sea circalittoral coarse sediment | 1160 |
| MC44 | Black Sea circalittoral mixed sediment | |
| MC54 | Black Sea circalittoral sand | 1160 |
| MC64 | Black Sea circalittoral mud | 1130; 1160 |
| MD34 | Black Sea offshore circalittoral coarse sediment | |
| MD44 | Black Sea offshore circalittoral mixed sediment | |
| MD54 | Black Sea offshore circalittoral sand | |
| MD64 | Black Sea offshore circalittoral mud | |
| Mediterranean Sea | ||
| MA35 | Mediterranean littoral coarse sediment | 1160; 1130 |
| MA45 | Mediterranean littoral mixed sediment | 1140; 1160 |
| MA55 | Mediterranean littoral sand | 1130; 1140; 1160 |
| MA65 | Mediterranean littoral mud | 1130; 1140; 1150; 1160 |
| MB35 | Mediterranean infralittoral coarse sediment | 1110; 1160 |
| MB45 | Mediterranean infralittoral mixed sediment | |
| MB55 | Mediterranean infralittoral sand | 1110; 1130; 1150; 1160 |
| MB65 | Mediterranean infralittoral mud | 1130; 1150 |
| MC35 | Mediterranean circalittoral coarse sediment | 1110; 1160 |
| MC45 | Mediterranean circalittoral mixed sediment | |
| MC55 | Mediterranean circalittoral sand | 1110; 1160 |
| MC65 | Mediterranean circalittoral mud | 1130; 1160 |
| MD35 | Mediterranean offshore circalittoral coarse sediment | |
| MD45 | Mediterranean offshore circalittoral mixed sediment | |
| MD55 | Mediterranean offshore circalittoral sand | |
| MD65 | Mediterranean offshore circalittoral mud | |
| ME35 | Mediterranean upper bathyal coarse sediment | |
| ME45 | Mediterranean upper bathyal mixed sediment | |
| ME55 | Mediterranean upper bathyal sand | |
| ME65 | Mediterranean upper bathyal mud | |
| MF35 | Mediterranean lower bathyal coarse sediment | |
| MF45 | Mediterranean lower bathyal mixed sediment | |
| MF55 | Mediterranean lower bathyal sand | |
| MF65 | Mediterranean lower bathyal mud |
(1) EUNIS marine habitat classification 2022. European Environment Agency https://www.eea.europa.eu/data-and-maps/data/eunis-habitat-classification-1.
ANNEX III
MARINE SPECIES REFERRED TO IN ARTICLE 5(5)
(1)
dwarf sawfish (Pristis clavata);
(2)
smalltooth sawfish (Pristis pectinata);
(3)
largetooth sawfish (Pristis pristis);
(4)
basking shark (Cetorhinus maximus) and white shark (Carcharodon carcharias);
(5)
smooth lantern shark (Etmopterus pusillus);
(6)
reef manta ray (Mobula alfredi);
(7)
giant manta ray (Mobula birostris);
(8)
devil fish (Mobula mobular);
(9)
lesser Guinean devil ray (Mobula rochebrunei);
(10)
spinetail mobula (Mobula japanica);
(11)
smoothtail mobula (Mobula thurstoni);
(12)
longhorned mobula (Mobula eregoodootenkee);
(13)
Chilean devil ray (Mobula tarapacana);
(14)
shortfin devil ray (Mobula kuhlii);
(15)
lesser devil ray (Mobula hypostoma);
(16)
Norwegian skate (Dipturus nidarosiensis);
(17)
white skate (Rostroraja alba);
(18)
guitarfishes (Rhinobatidae);
(19)
angel shark (Squatina squatina);
(20)
salmon (Salmo salar);
(21)
sea trout (Salmo trutta);
(22)
houting (Coregonus oxyrhynchus).
ANNEX IV
LIST OF BIODIVERSITY INDICATORS FOR AGRICULTURAL ECOSYSTEMS REFERRED TO IN ARTICLE 11(2)
| Indicator | Description, units, and methodology for determining and monitoring the indicator | ||||
| Grassland butterfly index | Description: This indicator is composed of species considered to be characteristic of European grasslands and which occur in a large part of Europe, covered by the majority of the Butterfly Monitoring Schemes. It is based on the geometric mean of species trends. Unit: Index. Methodology: as developed and used by Butterfly Conservation Europe, Van Swaay, C.A.M, Assessing Butterflies in Europe - Butterfly Indicators 1990-2018, Technical report, Butterfly Conservation Europe, 2020. | ||||
| Stock of organic carbon in cropland mineral soils | Description: This indicator describes the stock of organic carbon in cropland mineral soils at a depth of 0 to 30 cm. Unit: Tonnes of organic carbon/ha. Methodology: as set out in Annex V to Regulation (EU) 2018/1999 in accordance with the 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories, and as supported by the Land Use and Coverage Area frame Survey (LUCAS) Soil, Jones A. et al., LUCAS Soil 2022, JRC technical report, Publications Office of the European Union, 2021. | ||||
| Share of agricultural land with high-diversity landscape features | Description: High-diversity landscape features, such as buffer strips, hedgerows, individual or groups of trees, tree rows, field margins, patches, ditches, streams, small wetlands, terraces, cairns, stonewalls, small ponds and cultural features, are elements of permanent natural or semi-natural vegetation present in an agricultural context which provide ecosystem services and support for biodiversity. In order to do so, landscape features need to be subject to as little negative external disturbances as possible to provide safe habitats for various taxa, and therefore need to comply with the following conditions:
Land lying fallow, including temporarily, can be considered as high diversity landscape features if it complies with criteria set out under (a) and (b) of the second paragraph. Productive trees part of sustainable agroforestry systems or trees in extensive old orchards on permanent grassland and productive elements in hedges can also be considered as high diversity landscape features, if they comply with criterion set out under (b) of the second paragraph, and if harvests take place only at moments where it would not compromise high biodiversity levels. Unit: Percent (share of Utilised Agricultural Area). Methodology: as developed under indicator I.21, Annex I to Regulation (EU) 2021/2115, as based on latest updated version of LUCAS for landscape elements, Ballin M. et al., Redesign sample for Land Use/Cover Area frame Survey (LUCAS), Eurostat 2018, and for land laying fallow, Farm Structure, Reference Metadata in Single Integrated Metadata Structure, online publication, Eurostat and, where applicable, for high diversity landscape features not covered by the methodology above, methodology developed by Member States in accordance with Article 14(7) of this Regulation. The LUCAS methodology is updated on a regular basis to enhance the reliability of the data used in the Union and, at national level, by Member States when implementing their national restoration plans. |
ANNEX V
COMMON FARMLAND BIRD INDEX AT NATIONAL LEVEL
Description
The common farmland bird index summarises population trends of common and widespread birds of farmland and is intended as a proxy to assess the biodiversity status of agricultural ecosystems in Europe. The national common farmland bird index is a composite, multispecies index that measures the rate of change in the relative abundance of farmland bird species across selected survey sites at national level. That index is based on specially selected species that are dependent on farmland habitats for feeding or nesting, or both. National common farmland bird indices are based on species sets that are relevant to each Member State. The national common farmland bird index is calculated with reference to a base year when the index value is typically set at 100. Trend values express the overall population change in the population size of the constituent farmland birds over a period of years.
Methodology: Brlík et al. (2021): Long-term and large-scale multispecies dataset tracking population changes of common European breeding birds. Sci Data 8, 21. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-021-00804-2
‘Member States with historically more depleted populations of farmland birds’ means Member States where half or more species contributing to the national common farmland bird index have a negative long-term population trend. In Member States where information on long-term population trends is not available for some species, information on the European status of species is used.
These Member States are:
Czechia
Denmark
Germany
Estonia
Spain
France
Italy
Luxembourg
Hungary
Netherlands
Finland
‘Member States with historically less depleted populations of farmland birds’ means Member States where less than half of species contributing to the national common farmland bird index have a negative long-term population trend. In Member States, where information on long-term population trends is not available for some species, information on the European status of species is used.
These Member States are:
Belgium
Bulgaria
Ireland
Greece
Croatia
Cyprus
Latvia
Lithuania
Malta
Austria
Poland
Portugal
Romania
Slovenia
Slovakia
Sweden
List of species used for the common farmland bird index in the Member States
| Belgium - Flanders | Belgium - Wallonia |
| Alauda arvensis | Alauda arvensis |
| Anthus pratensis | Anthus pratensis |
| Emberiza citrinella | Corvus frugilegus |
| Falco tinnunculus | Emberiza citrinella |
| Haematopus ostralegus | Falco tinnunculus |
| Hirundo rustica | Hirundo rustica |
| Limosa limosa | Lanius collurio |
| Linaria cannabin | Linaria cannabina |
| Motacilla flava | Miliaria calandra |
| Numenius arquata | Motacilla flava |
| Passer montanus | Passer montanus |
| Perdix perdi | Perdix perdix |
| Saxicola torquatus | Saxicola torquatus |
| Sylvia communis | Streptopelia turtur |
| Vanellus vanellus | Sturnus vulgaris |
| Sylvia communis | |
| Vanellus vanellus |
Bulgaria
Alauda arvensis
Carduelis carduelis
Coturnix coturnix
Corvus frugilegus
Emberiza hortulana
Emberiza melanocephala
Falco tinnunculus
Galerida cristata
Hirundo rustica
Lanius collurio
Linaria cannabina
Miliaria calandra
Motacilla flava
Perdix perdix
Passer montanus
Sylvia communis
Streptopelia turtur
Sturnus vulgaris
Upupa epops
Czechia
Alauda arvensis
Anthus pratensis
Ciconia ciconia
Corvus frugilegus
Emberiza citrinella
Falco tinnunculus
Hirundo rustica
Lanius collurio
Linaria cannabina
Miliaria calandra
Motacilla flava
Passer montanus
Perdix perdix
Saxicola rubetra
Saxicola torquatus
Serinus serinus
Streptopelia turtur
Sturnus vulgaris
Sylvia communis
Vanellus vanellus
Denmark
Alauda arvensis
Anthus pratensis
Carduelis carduelis
Corvus corone
Corvus frugilegus
Emberiza citrinella
Falco tinnunculus
Gallinago gallinago
Hirundo rustica
Lanius collurio
Linaria cannabina
Miliaria calandra
Motacilla alba
Motacilla flava
Oenanthe oenanthe
Passer montanus
Perdix perdix
Saxicola rubetra
Sylvia communis
Sylvia curruca
Turdus pilaris
Vanellus vanellus
Germany
Alauda arvensis
Athene noctua
Emberiza citrinella
Lanius collurio
Limosa limosa
Lullula arborea
Miliaria calandra
Milvus milvus
Saxicola rubetra
Vanellus vanellus
Estonia
Alauda arvensis
Anthus pratensis
Corvus frugilegus
Emberiza citrinella
Hirundo rustica
Lanius collurio
Linaria cannabina
Motacilla flava
Passer montanus
Saxicola rubetra
Streptopelia turtur
Sturnus vulgaris
Sylvia communis
Vanellus vanellus
Ireland
Carduelis carduelis
Columba oenas
Columba palumbus
Corvus cornix
Corvus frugilegus
Corvus monedula
Emberiza citrinella
Falco tinnunculus
Fringilla coelebs
Hirundo rustica
Chloris chloris
Linaria cannabina
Motacilla alba
Passer domesticus
Phasianus colchicus
Pica pica
Saxicola torquatus
Sturnus vulgaris
Greece
Alauda arvensis
Apus apus
Athene noctua
Calandrella brachydactyla
Carduelis carduelis
Carduelis chloris
Ciconia ciconia
Corvus corone
Corvus monedula
Delichon urbicum
Emberiza cirlus
Emberiza hortulana
Emberiza melanocephala
Falco naumanni
Falco tinnunculus
Galerida cristata
Hirundo daurica
Hirundo rustica
Lanius collurio
Lanius minor
Lanius senator
Linaria cannabina
Lullula arborea
Luscinia megarhynchos
Melanocorypha calandra
Miliaria calandra
Motacilla flava
Oenanthe hispanica
Oenanthe oenanthe
Passer domesticus
Passer hispaniolensis
Passer montanus
Pica pica
Saxicola rubetra
Saxicola torquatus
Streptopelia decaocto
Streptopelia turtur
Sturnus vulgaris
Sylvia melanocephala
Upupa epops
Spain
Alauda arvensis
Alectoris rufa
Athene noctua
Calandrella brachydactyla
Carduelis carduelis
Cisticola juncidis
Corvus monedula
Coturnix coturnix
Emberiza calandra
Falco tinnunculus
Galerida cristata
Hirundo rustica
Linaria cannabina
Melanocorypha calandra
Merops apiaster
Oenanthe hispanica
Passer domesticus
Passer montanus
Pica pica
Pterocles orientalis
Streptopelia turtur
Sturnus unicolor
Tetrax tetrax
Upupa epops
France
Alauda arvensis
Alectoris rufa
Anthus campestris
Anthus pratensis
Buteo buteo
Corvus frugilegus
Coturnix coturnix
Emberiza cirlus
Emberiza citrinella
Emberiza hortulana
Falco tinnunculus
Galerida cristata
Lanius collurio
Linaria cannabina
Lullula arborea
Melanocorypha calandra
Motacilla flava
Oenanthe oenanthe
Perdix perdix
Saxicola torquatus
Saxicola rubetra
Sylvia communis
Upupa epops
Vanellus vanellus
Croatia
Alauda arvensis
Anthus campestris
Anthus trivialis
Carduelis carduelis
Coturnix coturnix
Emberiza cirlus
Emberiza citrinella
Emberiza melanocephala
Falco tinnunculus
Galerida cristata
Jynx torquilla
Lanius collurio
Lanius senator
Linaria cannabina
Lullula arborea
Luscinia megarhynchos
Miliaria calandra
Motacilla flava
Oenanthe hispanica
Oriolus oriolus
Passer montanus
Pica pica
Saxicola rubetra
Saxicola torquatus
Streptopelia turtur
Sylvia communis
Upupa epops
Vanellus vanellus
Italy
Alauda arvensis
Anthus campestris
Calandrella brachydactyla
Carduelis carduelis
Carduelis chloris
Corvus cornix
Emberiza calandra
Emberiza hortulana
Falco tinnunculus
Galerida cristata
Hirundo rustica
Jynx torquilla
Lanius collurio
Luscinia megarhynchos
Melanocorypha calandra
Motacilla alba
Motacilla flava
Oriolus oriolus
Passer domesticus italiae
Passer hispaniolensis
Passer montanus
Pica pica
Saxicola torquatus
Serinus serinus
Streptopelia turtur
Sturnus unicolor
Sturnus vulgaris
Upupa epops
Cyprus
Alectoris chukar
Athene noctua
Carduelis carduelis
Cisticola juncidis
Clamator glandarius
Columba palumbus
Coracias garrulus
Corvus corone cornix
Coturnix coturnix
Emberiza calandra
Emberiza melanocephala
Falco tinnunculus
Francolinus francolinus
Galerida cristata
Hirundo rustica
Chloris chloris
Iduna pallida
Linaria cannabina
Oenanthe cypriaca
Parus major
Passer hispaniolensis
Pica pica
Streptopelia turtur
Sylvia conspicillata
Sylvia melanocephala
Latvia
Acrocephalus palustris
Alauda arvensis
Anthus pratensis
Carduelis carduelis
Carpodacus erythrinus
Ciconia ciconia
Crex crex
Emberiza citrinella
Lanius collurio
Locustella naevia
Motacilla flava
Passer montanus
Saxicola rubetra
Sturnus vulgaris
Sylvia communis
Vanellus vanellus
Lithuania
Alauda arvensis
Anthus pratensis
Carduelis carduelis
Ciconia ciconia
Crex crex
Emberiza citrinella
Hirundo rustica
Lanius collurio
Motacilla flava
Passer montanus
Saxicola rubetra
Sturnus vulgaris
Sylvia communis
Vanellus vanellus
Luxembourg
Alauda arvensis
Emberiza citrinella
Lanius collurio
Linaria cannabina
Passer montanus
Saxicola torquatus
Sylvia communis
Hungary
Alauda arvensis
Anthus campestris
Coturnix coturnix
Emberiza calandra
Falco tinnunculus
Galerida cristata
Lanius collurio
Lanius minor
Locustella naevia
Merops apiaster
Motacilla flava
Perdix perdix
Sturnus vulgaris
Sylvia communis
Sylvia nisoria
Vanellus vanellus
Malta
Calandrella brachydactyla
Linaria cannabina
Cettia cetti
Cisticola juncidis
Coturnix coturnix
Emberiza calandra
Lanius senator
Monticola solitarius
Passer hispaniolensis
Passer montanus
Serinus serinus
Streptopelia decaocto
Streptopelia turtur
Sturnus vulgaris
Sylvia conspicillata
Sylvia melanocephala
Netherlands
Alauda arvensis
Anthus pratensis
Athene noctua
Calidris pugnax
Carduelis carduelis
Corvus frugilegus
Coturnix coturnix
Emberiza citrinella
Falco tinnunculus
Gallinago gallinago
Haematopus ostralegus
Hippolais icterina
Hirundo rustica
Limosa limosa
Miliaria calandra
Motacilla fl ava
Numenius arquata
Passer montanus
Perdix perdix
Saxicola torquatus
Spatula clypeata
Streptopelia turtur
Sturnus vulgaris
Sylvia communis
Tringa totanus
Turdus viscivorus
Vanellus vanellus
Austria
Acrocephalus palustris
Alauda arvensis
Anthus spinoletta
Anthus trivialis
Carduelis carduelis
Emberiza citrinella
Falco tinnunculus
Jynx torquilla
Lanius collurio
Linaria cannabina
Lullula arborea
Miliaria calandra
Oenanthe oenanthe
Passer montanus
Perdix perdix
Saxicola rubetra
Saxicola torquatus
Serinus citrinella
Serinus serinus
Streptopelia turtur
Sturnus vulgaris
Sylvia communis
Turdus pilaris
Vanellus vanellus
Poland
Alauda arvensis
Anthus pratensis
Ciconia ciconia
Emberiza citrinella
Emberiza hortulana
Falco tinnunculus
Galerida cristata
Hirundo rustica
Lanius collurio
Limosa limosa
Linaria cannabina
Miliaria calandra
Motacilla flava
Passer montanus
Saxicola torquatus
Saxicola rubetra
Serinus serinus
Streptopelia turtur
Sturnus vulgaris
Sylvia communis
Upupa epops
Vanellus vanellus
Portugal
Athene noctua
Bubulcus ibis
Carduelis carduelis
Chloris chloris
Ciconia ciconia
Cisticola juncidis
Coturnix coturnix
Delichon urbicum
Emberiza cirlus
Falco tinnunculus
Galerida cristata
Hirundo rustica
Lanius meridionalis
Linaria cannabina
Merops apiaster
Miliaria calandra
Milvus migrans
Passer domesticus
Pica pica
Saxicola torquatus
Serinus serinus
Sturnus unicolor
Upupa epops
Romania
Alauda arvensis
Anthus campestris
Calandrella brachydactyla
Ciconia ciconia
Corvus frugilegus
Emberiza calandra
Emberiza citrinella
Emberiza hortulana
Emberiza melanocephala
Falco tinnunculus
Galerida cristata
Hirundo rustica
Lanius collurio
Lanius minor
Linaria cannabina
Melanocorypha calandra
Motacilla flava
Passer montanus
Perdix perdix
Saxicola rubetra
Saxicola torquatus
Streptopelia turtur
Sturnus vulgaris
Sylvia communis
Upupa epops
Vanellus vanellus
Slovenia
Acrocephalus palustris
Alauda arvensis
Anthus trivialis
Carduelis carduelis
Columba oenas
Columba palumbus
Emberiza calandra
Emberiza cirlus
Emberiza citrinella
Falco tinnunculus
Galerida cristata
Hirundo rustica
Jynx torquilla
Lanius collurio
Linaria cannabina
Lullula arborea
Luscinia megarhynchos
Motacilla flava
Passer montanus
Phoenicurus phoenicurus
Picus viridis
Saxicola rubetra
Saxicola torquatus
Serinus serinus
Streptopelia turtur
Sturnus vulgaris
Sylvia communis
Upupa epops
Vanellus vanellus
Slovakia
Alauda arvensis
Carduelis carduelis
Emberiza calandra
Emberiza citrinella
Falco tinnunculus
Hirundo rustica
Chloris chloris
Lanius collurio
Linaria cannabina
Locustella naevia
Motacilla flava
Passer montanus
Saxicola rubetra
Saxicola torquatus
Serinus serinus
Streptopelia turtur
Sturnus vulgaris
Sylvia communis
Sylvia nisoria
Vanellus vanellus
Finland
Alauda arvensis
Anthus pratensis
Corvus monedula
Crex crex
Delichon urbica
Emberiza hortulana
Hirundo rustica
Numenius arquata
Passer montanus
Saxicola rubertra
Sturnus vulgaris
Sylvia communis
Turdus pilaris
Vanellus vanellus
Sweden
Alauda arvensis
Anthus pratensis
Corvus frugilegus
Emberiza citrinella
Emberiza hortulana
Falco tinnunculus
Hirundo rustica
Lanius collurio
Linaria cannabina
Motacilla flava
Passer montanus
Saxicola rubetra
Sturnus vulgaris
Sylvia communis
Vanellus vanellus
ANNEX VI
LIST OF BIODIVERSITY INDICATORS FOR FOREST ECOSYSTEMS REFERRED TO IN ARTICLE 12(2) AND 12(3)
| Indicator | Description, units, and methodology for determining and monitoring the indicator |
| Standing deadwood | Description: This indicator shows the amount of non-living standing woody biomass in forest and other wooded land. Unit: m3/ha. Methodology: as developed and used by FOREST EUROPE, State of Europe’s Forests 2020, FOREST EUROPE 2020, and in the description of national forest inventories in Tomppo E. et al., National Forest Inventories, Pathways for Common Reporting, Springer, 2010, and taking into account the methodology as set out in Annex V to Regulation (EU) 2018/1999 in accordance with the 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories. |
| Lying deadwood | Description: This indicator shows the amount of non-living woody biomass lying on the ground in forest and other wooded land. Unit: m3/ha. Methodology: as developed and used by FOREST EUROPE, State of Europe’s Forests 2020, FOREST EUROPE 2020, and in the description of national forest inventories in Tomppo E. et al., National Forest Inventories, Pathways for Common Reporting, Springer, 2010, and taking into account the methodology as set out in Annex V to Regulation (EU) 2018/1999 in accordance with the 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories. |
| Share of forests with uneven-aged structure | Description: This indicator refers to the share of forests available for wood supply (FAWS) with uneven-aged structure in forests as compared to even-aged structure in forests. Unit: Percent of FAWS with uneven-aged structure. Methodology: as developed and used by FOREST EUROPE, State of Europe’s Forests 2020, FOREST EUROPE 2020, and in the description of national forest inventories in Tomppo E. et al., National Forest Inventories, Pathways for Common Reporting, Springer, 2010. |
| Forest connectivity | Description: Forest connectivity is the degree of compactness of forest covered areas. It is defined in the range of 0 to 100. Unit: Index. Methodology: as developed by FAO, Vogt P., et al., FAO – State of the World’s Forests: Forest Fragmentation, JRC Technical Report, Publications Office of the European Union, Luxembourg, 2019. |
| Common forest birds index | Description: The forest bird indicator describes trends in the abundance of common forest birds across their European ranges over time. It is a composite index created from observational data of bird species characteristic for forest habitats in Europe. The index is based on a specific list of species in each Member State. Unit: Index. Methodology: Brlík et al. Long-term and large-scale multispecies dataset tracking population changes of common European breeding birds, Sci Data 8, 21. 2021. |
| Stock of organic carbon | Description: This indicator describes the stock of organic carbon in the litter and in the mineral soil at a depth of 0 to 30 cm in forest ecosystems. Unit: Tonnes organic carbon/ha. Methodology: as set out in Annex V to Regulation (EU) 2018/1999 in accordance with the 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories, and as supported by the Land Use and Coverage Area frame Survey (LUCAS) Soil, Jones A. et al., LUCAS Soil 2022, JRC technical report, Publications Office of the European Union, 2021. |
| Share of forest dominated by native tree species | Description: Share of forest and other wooded land dominated by (>50 % coverage) native tree species. Unit: Percent. Methodology: as developed and used by FOREST EUROPE, State of Europe’s Forests 2020, FOREST EUROPE 2020, and in the description of national forest inventories in Tomppo E. et al., National Forest Inventories, Pathways for Common Reporting, Springer, 2010. |
| Tree species diversity | Description: This indicator describes the mean number of tree species occurring in forest areas. Unit: Index. Methodology: Based on FOREST EUROPE, State of Europe’s Forests 2020, FOREST EUROPE 2020, and in the description of national forest inventories in Tomppo E. et al., National Forest Inventories, Pathways for Common Reporting, Springer, 2010. |
ANNEX VII
LIST OF EXAMPLES OF RESTORATION MEASURES REFERRED TO IN ARTICLE 14(16)
(1)
Restore wetlands, by rewetting drained peatlands, removing peatland drainage structures or de-poldering and discontinuing peat excavation.
(2)
Improve hydrological conditions by increasing quantity, quality and dynamics of surface waters and groundwater levels for natural and semi-natural ecosystems.
(3)
Remove unwanted scrub encroachment or non-native plantations on grasslands, wetlands, forests and sparsely vegetated land.
(4)
Apply paludiculture.
(5)
Re-establish the meandering of rivers and reconnect artificially cut meanders or oxbow lakes.
(6)
Remove longitudinal and lateral barriers,such as dikes and dams; give more space to river dynamics and restore free-flowing river stretches.
(7)
Re-naturalise riverbeds and lakes and lowland watercourses by, for example. removing artificial bed fixation, optimising substrate composition, improving or developing habitat cover.
(8)
Restore natural sedimentation processes.
(9)
Establish riparian buffers, such as riparian forests, buffer strips, meadows or pastures.
(10)
Increase ecological features in forests, such as large, old and dying trees (habitat trees) and amounts of lying and standing deadwood.
(11)
Work towards a diversified forest structure in terms of, for example, species composition and age, enable natural regeneration and succession of tree species.
(12)
Assist migration of provenances and species where it may be needed due to climate change.
(13)
Enhance forest diversity by restoring mosaics of non-forest habitats such as open patches of grassland or heathland, ponds or rocky areas.
(14)
Make use of ‘close-to-nature’ or ‘continuous cover’ forestry approaches; introduce native tree species.
(15)
Enhance the development of old-growth native forests and mature stands, for example, by abandonment of harvesting or by active management which favours development of autoregulatory functions and appropriate resilience.
(16)
Introduce high-diversity landscape features in arable land and intensively used grassland, such as buffer strips, field margins with native flowers, hedgerows, trees, small forests, terrace walls, ponds, habitat corridors and stepping stones, etc.
(17)
Increase the agricultural area subject to agro-ecological management approaches such as organic agriculture or agro-forestry, multicropping and crop rotation, integrated pest and nutrient management.
(18)
Reduce grazing intensity or mowing regimes on grasslands where relevant and re-establish extensive grazing with domestic livestock and extensive mowing regimes where they were abandoned.
(19)
Stop or reduce the use of chemical pesticides as well as chemical and animal manure fertilisers.
(20)
Stop ploughing grassland and introducing seeds of productive grasses.
(21)
Remove plantations on former dynamic inland dune systems to re-enable natural wind dynamics in favour of open habitats.
(22)
Improve connectivity across habitats to enable the development of populations of species, and to allow for sufficient individual or genetic exchange as well as for species’ migration and adaptation to climate change.
(23)
Allow ecosystems to develop their own natural dynamics for example by abandoning harvesting and promoting naturalness and wilderness.
(24)
Remove and control invasive alien species, and prevent or minimise new introductions.
(25)
Minimise negative impacts of fishing activities on the marine ecosystem, for example by using gear with less impact on seabed.
(26)
Restore important fish spawning and nursery areas.
(27)
Provide structures or substrates to encourage the return of marine life in support of the restoration of coral, oyster or boulder reefs.
(28)
Restore seagrass meadows and kelp forests by actively stabilising the sea bottom, reducing and, where possible, eliminating pressures or by active propagation and planting.
(29)
Restore or improve the state of characteristic native species population vital to the ecology of marine habitats by conducting passive or active restoration measures, for example, introducing juveniles.
(30)
Reduce various forms of marine pollution, such as nutrient loading, noise pollution and plastic waste.
(31)
Increase urban green spaces with ecological features, such as parks, trees and woodland patches, green roofs, wildflower grasslands, gardens, city horticulture, tree-lined streets, urban meadows and hedges, ponds and watercourses, taking into consideration, inter alia, species diversity, native species, local conditions and resilience to climate change.
(32)
Stop, reduce or remediate pollution from pharmaceuticals, hazardous chemicals, urban and industrial wastewater, and other waste including litter and plastics as well as light in all ecosystems.
(33)
Convert brownfield sites, former industrial areas and quarries into natural sites.
ELI: http://data.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/1991/oj
ISSN 1977-0677 (electronic edition)