Annexes to COM(2022)304 - Nature restoration

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dossier COM(2022)304 - Nature restoration.
document COM(2022)304
date June 24, 2024
ANNEX I

TERRESTRIAL, COASTAL AND FRESHWATER ECOSYSTEMS – HABITAT TYPES AND GROUPS OF HABITAT TYPES REFERRED TO IN ARTICLE 4(1) AND (4)

The list below includes all terrestrial, coastal and freshwater habitat types listed in Annex I to Directive 92/43/EEC referred to in Article 4(1) and (4), as well as six groups of those habitat types, namely 1) wetlands (coastal and inland), 2) grasslands and other pastoral habitats, 3) river, lake, alluvial and riparian habitats, 4) forests, 5) steppe, heath and scrub habitats and 6) rocky and dune habitats.

1. GROUP 1: Wetlands (coastal & inland)

Habitat type code as referred to in Annex I to Directive 92/43/EECHabitat type name as referred to in Annex I to Directive 92/43/EEC
Coastal and salt habitats
1130Estuaries
1140Mudflats and sandflats not covered by seawater at low tide
1150Coastal lagoons
1310Salicornia and other annuals colonizing mud and sand
1320Spartina swards (Spartinion maritimae)
1330Atlantic salt meadows (Glauco-Puccinellietalia maritimae)
1340Inland salt meadows
1410Mediterranean salt meadows (Juncetalia maritimi)
1420Mediterranean and thermo-Atlantic halophilous scrubs (Sarcocornetea fruticosi)
1530Pannonic salt steppes and salt marshes
1650Boreal Baltic narrow inlets
Wet heaths and peat grassland
4010Northern Atlantic wet heaths with Erica tetralix
4020Temperate Atlantic wet heaths with Erica ciliaris and Erica tetralix
6460Peat grasslands of Troodos
Mires, bogs and fens
7110Active raised bogs
7120Degraded raised bogs still capable of natural regeneration
7130Blanket bogs
7140Transition mires and quaking bogs
7150Depressions on peat substrates of the Rhynchosporion
7160Fennoscandian mineral-rich springs and springfens
7210Calcareous fens with Cladium mariscus and species of the Caricion davallianae
7220Petrifying springs with tufa formation (Cratoneurion)
7230Alkaline fens
7240Alpine pioneer formations of the Caricion bicoloris-atrofuscae
7310Aapa mires
7320Palsa mires
Wet forests
9080Fennoscandian deciduous swamp woods
91D0Bog woodland

2. GROUP 2: Grasslands and other pastoral habitats

Habitat type code as referred to in Annex I to Directive 92/43/EECHabitat type name as referred to in Annex I to Directive 92/43/EEC
Costal and dune habitats
1630Boreal Baltic coastal meadows
21A0Machairs
Heath and scrub habitats
4030European dry heaths
4040Dry Atlantic coastal heaths with Erica vagans
4090Endemic oro-Mediterranean heaths with gorse
5130Juniperus communis formations on heaths or calcareous grasslands
8240Limestone pavements
Grasslands
6110Rupicolous calcareous or basophilic grasslands of the Alysso-Sedion albi
6120Xeric sand calcareous grasslands
6130Calaminarian grasslands of the Violetalia calaminariae
6140Siliceous Pyrenean Festuca eskia grasslands
6150Siliceous alpine and boreal grasslands
6160Oro-Iberian Festuca indigesta grasslands
6170Alpine and subalpine calcareous grasslands
6180Macaronesian mesophile grasslands
6190Rupicolous pannonic grasslands (Stipo-Festucetalia pallentis)
6210Semi-natural dry grasslands and scrubland facies on calcareous substrates (Festuco-Brometalia)
6220Pseudo-steppe with grasses and annuals of the Thero-Brachypodietea
6230Species-rich Nardus grasslands, on silicious substrates in mountain areas (and submountain areas in Continental Europe)
6240Sub-Pannonic steppic grasslands
6250Pannonic loess steppic grasslands
6260Pannonic sand steppes
6270Fennoscandian lowland species-rich dry to mesic grasslands
6280Nordic alvar and precambrian calcareous flatrocks
62A0Eastern sub-Mediterranean dry grasslands (Scorzoneratalia villosae)
62B0Serpentinophilous grassland of Cyprus
62C0Ponto-Sarmatic steppes
62D0Oro-Moesian acidophilous grasslands
6410Molinia meadows on calcareous, peaty or clayey-silt-laden soils (Molinion caeruleae)
6420Mediterranean tall humid grasslands of the Molinio-Holoschoenion
6510Lowland hay meadows (Alopecurus pratensis, Sanguisorba officinalis)
6520Mountain hay meadows
Dehesas and wooded meadows
6310Dehesas with evergreen Quercus spp.
6530Fennoscandian wooded meadows
9070Fennoscandian wooded pastures

3. GROUP 3: River, lake, alluvial and riparian habitats

Habitat type code as referred to in Annex I to Directive 92/43/EECHabitat type name as referred to in Annex I to Directive 92/43/EEC
Rivers and lakes
3110Oligotrophic waters containing very few minerals of sandy plains (Littorelletalia uniflorae)
3120Oligotrophic waters containing very few minerals generally on sandy soils of the West Mediterranean, with Isoetes spp.
3130Oligotrophic to mesotrophic standing waters with vegetation of the Littorelletea uniflorae and/or of the Isoëto-Nanojuncetea
3140Hard oligo-mesotrophic waters with benthic vegetation of Chara spp.
3150Natural eutrophic lakes with Magnopotamion or Hydrocharition — type vegetation
3160Natural dystrophic lakes and ponds
3170Mediterranean temporary ponds
3180Turloughs
3190Lakes of gypsum karst
31A0Transylvanian hot-spring lotus beds
3210Fennoscandian natural rivers
3220Alpine rivers and the herbaceous vegetation along their banks
3230Alpine rivers and their ligneous vegetation with Myricaria germanica
3240Alpine rivers and their ligneous vegetation with Salix elaeagnos
3250Constantly flowing Mediterranean rivers with Glaucium flavum
3260Water courses of plain to montane levels with the Ranunculion fluitantis and Callitricho-Batrachion vegetation
3270Rivers with muddy banks with Chenopodion rubri p.p. and Bidention p.p. vegetation
3280Constantly flowing Mediterranean rivers with Paspalo-Agrostidion species and hanging curtains of Salix and Populus alba
3290Intermittently flowing Mediterranean rivers of the Paspalo-Agrostidion
32A0Tufa cascades of karstic rivers of the Dinaric Alps
Alluvial meadows
6430Hydrophilous tall herb fringe communities of plains and of the montane to alpine levels
6440Alluvial meadows of river valleys of the Cnidion dubii
6450Northern boreal alluvial meadows
6540Sub-Mediterranean grasslands of the Molinio-Hordeion secalini
Alluvial/Riparian forests
9160Sub-Atlantic and medio-European oak or oak-hornbeam forests of the Carpinion betuli
91E0Alluvial forests with Alnus glutinosa and Fraxinus excelsior (Alno-Padion, Alnion incanae, Salicion albae)
91F0Riparian mixed forests of Quercus robur, Ulmus laevis and Ulmus minor, Fraxinus excelsior or Fraxinus angustifolia, along the great rivers (Ulmenion minoris)
92A0Salix alba and Populus alba galleries
92B0Riparian formations on intermittent Mediterranean water courses with Rhododendron ponticum, Salix and others
92C0Platanus orientalis and Liquidambar orientalis woods (Platanion orientalis)
92D0Southern riparian galleries and thickets (Nerio-Tamaricetea and Securinegion tinctoriae)
9370Palm groves of Phoenix

4. GROUP 4: Forests

Habitat type code as referred to in Annex I to Directive 92/43/EECHabitat type name as referred to in Annex I to Directive 92/43/EEC
Boreal forests
9010Western Taïga
9020Fennoscandian hemiboreal natural old broad-leaved deciduous forests (Quercus, Tilia, Acer, Fraxinus or Ulmus) rich in epiphytes
9030Natural forests of primary succession stages of landupheaval coast
9040Nordic subalpine/subarctic forests with Betula pubescens ssp. czerepanovii
9050Fennoscandian herb-rich forests with Picea abies
9060Coniferous forests on, or connected to, glaciofluvial eskers
Temperate forests
9110Luzulo-Fagetum beech forests
9120Atlantic acidophilous beech forests with Ilex and sometimes also Taxus in the shrublayer (Quercion robori-petraeae or Ilici-Fagenion)
9130Asperulo-Fagetum beech forests
9140Medio-European subalpine beech woods with Acer and Rumex arifolius
9150Medio-European limestone beech forests of the Cephalanthero-Fagion
9170Galio-Carpinetum oak-hornbeam forests
9180Tilio-Acerion forests of slopes, screes and ravines
9190Old acidophilous oak woods with Quercus robur on sandy plains
91A0Old sessile oak woods with Ilex and Blechnum in the British Isles
91B0Thermophilous Fraxinus angustifolia woods
91G0Pannonic woods with Quercus petraea and Carpinus betulus
91H0Pannonian woods with Quercus pubescens
91I0Euro-Siberian steppic woods with Quercus spp.
91J0Taxus baccata woods of the British Isles
91K0Illyrian Fagus sylvatica forests (Aremonio-Fagion)
91L0Illyrian oak-hornbeam forests (Erythronio-Carpinion)
91M0Pannonian-Balkanic turkey oak – sessile oak forests
91P0Holy Cross fir forest (Abietetum polonicum)
91Q0Western Carpathian calcicolous Pinus sylvestris forests
91R0Dinaric dolomite Scots pine forests (Genisto januensis-Pinetum)
91S0Western Pontic beech forests
91T0Central European lichen Scots pine forests
91U0Sarmatic steppe pine forest
91V0Dacian Beech forests (Symphyto-Fagion)
91W0Moesian beech forests
91X0Dobrogean beech forests
91Y0Dacian oak & hornbeam forests
91Z0Moesian silver lime woods
91AAEastern white oak woods
91BAMoesian silver fir forests
91CARhodopide and Balkan Range Scots pine forests
Mediterranean and Macaronesian forests
9210Apeninne beech forests with Taxus and Ilex
9220Apennine beech forests with Abies alba and beech forests with Abies nebrodensis
9230Galicio-Portuguese oak woods with Quercus robur and Quercus pyrenaica
9240Quercus faginea and Quercus canariensis Iberian woods
9250Quercus trojana woods
9260Castanea sativa woods
9270Hellenic beech forests with Abies borisii-regis
9280Quercus frainetto woods
9290Cupressus forests (Acero-Cupression)
9310Aegean Quercus brachyphylla woods
9320Olea and Ceratonia forests
9330Quercus suber forests
9340Quercus ilex and Quercus rotundifolia forests
9350Quercus macrolepis forests
9360Macaronesian laurel forests (Laurus, Ocotea)
9380Forests of Ilex aquifolium
9390Scrub and low forest vegetation with Quercus alnifolia
93A0Woodlands with Quercus infectoria (Anagyro foetidae-Quercetum infectoriae)
Mountainous coniferous forests
9410Acidophilous Picea forests of the montane to alpine levels (Vaccinio-Piceetea)
9420Alpine Larix decidua and/or Pinus cembra forests
9430Subalpine and montane Pinus uncinata forests
9510Southern Apennine Abies alba forests
9520Abies pinsapo forests
9530(Sub-) Mediterranean pine forests with endemic black pines
9540Mediterranean pine forests with endemic Mesogean pines
9550Canarian endemic pine forests
9560Endemic forests with Juniperus spp.
9570Tetraclinis articulata forests
9580Mediterranean Taxus baccata woods
9590Cedrus brevifolia forests (Cedrosetum brevifoliae)
95A0High oro-Mediterranean pine forests

5. GROUP 5: Steppe, heath and scrub habitats

Habitat type code as referred to in Annex I to Directive 92/43/EECHabitat type name as referred to in Annex I to Directive 92/43/EEC
Salt and gypsum steppes
1430Halo-nitrophilous scrubs (Pegano-Salsoletea)
1510Mediterranean salt steppes (Limonietalia)
1520Iberian gypsum vegetation (Gypsophiletalia)
Temperate heath and scrub
4050Endemic macaronesian heaths
4060Alpine and Boreal heaths
4070Bushes with Pinus mugo and Rhododendron hirsutum (Mugo-Rhododendretum hirsuti)
4080Sub-Arctic Salix spp. scrub
40A0Subcontinental peri-Pannonic scrub
40B0Rhodope Potentilla fruticosa thickets
40C0Ponto-Sarmatic deciduous thickets
Sclerophyllous scrub (matorral)
5110Stable xerothermophilous formations with Buxus sempervirens on rock slopes (Berberidion p.p.)
5120Mountain Cytisus purgans formations
5140Cistus palhinhae formations on maritime wet heaths
5210Arborescent matorral with Juniperus spp.
5220Arborescent matorral with Zyziphus
5230Arborescent matorral with Laurus nobilis
5310Laurus nobilis thickets
5320Low formations of Euphorbia close to cliffs
5330Thermo-Mediterranean and pre-desert scrub
5410West Mediterranean clifftop phryganas (Astragalo-Plantaginetum subulatae)
5420Sarcopoterium spinosum phryganas
5430Endemic phryganas of the Euphorbio-Verbascion

6. GROUP 6: Rocky and dune habitats

Habitat type code as referred to in Annex I to Directive 92/43/EECHabitat type name as referred to in Annex I to Directive 92/43/EEC
Sea cliffs, beaches, and islets
1210Annual vegetation of drift lines
1220Perennial vegetation of stony banks
1230Vegetated sea cliffs of the Atlantic and Baltic Coasts
1240Vegetated sea cliffs of the Mediterranean coasts with endemic Limonium spp.
1250Vegetated sea cliffs with endemic flora of the Macaronesian coasts
1610Baltic esker islands with sandy, rocky and shingle beach vegetation and sublittoral vegetation
1620Boreal Baltic islets and small islands
1640Boreal Baltic sandy beaches with perennial vegetation
Coastal and inland dunes
2110Embryonic shifting dunes
2120Shifting dunes along the shoreline with Ammophila arenaria (‘white dunes’)
2130Fixed coastal dunes with herbaceous vegetation (‘grey dunes’)
2140Decalcified fixed dunes with Empetrum nigrum
2150Atlantic decalcified fixed dunes (Calluno-Ulicetea)
2160Dunes with Hippophaë rhamnoides
2170Dunes with Salix repens ssp. argentea (Salicion arenariae)
2180Wooded dunes of the Atlantic, Continental and Boreal region
2190Humid dune slacks
2210Crucianellion maritimae fixed beach dunes
2220Dunes with Euphorbia terracina
2230Malcolmietalia dune grasslands
2240Brachypodietalia dune grasslands with annuals
2250Coastal dunes with Juniperus spp.
2260Cisto-Lavenduletalia dune sclerophyllous scrubs
2270Wooded dunes with Pinus pinea and/or Pinus pinaster
2310Dry sand heaths with Calluna and Genista
2320Dry sand heaths with Calluna and Empetrum nigrum
2330Inland dunes with open Corynephorus and Agrostis grasslands
2340Pannonic inland dunes
91N0Pannonic inland sand dune thicket (Junipero-Populetum albae)
Rocky habitats
8110Siliceous scree of the montane to snow levels (Androsacetalia alpinae and Galeopsietalia ladani)
8120Calcareous and calcshist screes of the montane to alpine levels (Thlaspietea rotundifolii)
8130Western Mediterranean and thermophilous scree
8140Eastern Mediterranean screes
8150Medio-European upland siliceous screes
8160Medio-European calcareous scree of hill and montane levels
8210Calcareous rocky slopes with chasmophytic vegetation
8220Siliceous rocky slopes with chasmophytic vegetation
8230Siliceous rock with pioneer vegetation of the Sedo-Scleranthion or of the Sedo albi-Veronicion dillenii
8310Caves not open to the public
8320Fields of lava and natural excavations
8340Permanent glaciers



ANNEX II

MARINE ECOSYSTEMS – HABITAT TYPES AND GROUPS OF HABITAT TYPES REFERRED TO IN ARTICLE 5(1) AND (2)

The list below includes the marine habitat types referred to in Article 5(1) and (2), as well as seven groups of those habitat types, namely 1) seagrass beds, 2) macroalgal forests, 3) shellfish beds, 4) maerl beds, 5) sponge, coral and coralligenous beds, 6) vents and seeps and 7) soft sediments (not deeper than 1 000 metres of depth). The relation with the habitat types listed in Annex I to Directive 92/43/EEC is also presented.

The classification of marine habitat types used, differentiated by marine biogeographical regions, is made according to the European nature information system (EUNIS), as revised for the marine habitats typology in 2022 by the EEA. The information on the related habitats listed in Annex I to Directive 92/43/EEC is based on the crosswalk published by the EEA in 2021 (1).

1. Group 1: Seagrass beds

EUNIS codeEUNIS habitat type nameRelated habitat type code as referred to in Annex I to Directive 92/43/EEC
Atlantic
MA522Seagrass beds on Atlantic littoral sand1140; 1160
MA623Seagrass beds on Atlantic littoral mud1140; 1160
MB522Seagrass beds on Atlantic infralittoral sand1110; 1150; 1160
Baltic Sea
MA332Baltic hydrolittoral coarse sediment characterised by submerged vegetation1130; 1160; 1610; 1620
MA432Baltic hydrolittoral mixed sediment characterised by submerged vegetation1130; 1140; 1160; 1610
MA532Baltic hydrolittoral sand characterised by submerged rooted plants1130; 1140; 1160; 1610
MA632Baltic hydrolittoral mud dominated by submerged rooted plants1130; 1140; 1160; 1650
MB332Baltic infralittoral coarse sediment characterised by submerged rooted plants1110; 1160
MB432Baltic infralittoral mixed sediment characterised by submerged rooted plants1110; 1160; 1650
MB532Baltic infralittoral sand characterised by submerged rooted plants1110; 1130; 1150; 1160
MB632Baltic infralittoral mud sediment characterised by submerged rooted plants1130; 1150; 1160; 1650
Black Sea
MB546Seagrass and rhizomatous algal meadows in Black Sea freshwater influenced infralittoral muddy sands1110; 1130; 1160
MB547Black Sea seagrass meadows on moderately exposed upper infralittoral clean sands1110; 1160
MB548Black Sea seagrass meadows on lower infralittoral sands1110; 1160
Mediterranean Sea
MB252Biocenosis of Posidonia oceanica1120
MB2521Ecomorphosis of striped Posidonia oceanica meadows1120; 1130; 1160
MB2522Ecomorphosis of ‘barrier-reef’Posidonia oceanica meadows1120; 1130; 1160
MB2523Facies of dead ‘mattes’ of Posidonia oceanica without much epiflora1120; 1130; 1160
MB2524Association with Caulerpa prolifera on Posidonia beds1120; 1130; 1160
MB5521Association with Cymodocea nodosa on well sorted fine sands1110; 1130; 1160
MB5534Association with Cymodocea nodosa on superficial muddy sands in sheltered waters1110; 1130; 1160
MB5535Association with Zostera noltei on superficial muddy sands in sheltered waters1110; 1130; 1160
MB5541Association with Ruppia cirrhosa and/or Ruppia maritima on sand1110; 1130; 1160
MB5544Association with Zostera noltei in euryhaline and eurythermal environment on sand1110; 1130; 1160
MB5545Association with Zostera marina in euryhaline and eurythermal environment1110; 1130; 1160

2. Group 2: Macroalgal forests

EUNIS codeEUNIS habitat type nameRelated habitat type code as referred to in Annex I to Directive 92/43/EEC
Atlantic
MA123Seaweed communities on full salinity Atlantic littoral rock1160; 1170; 1130
MA125Fucoids on variable salinity Atlantic littoral rock1170; 1130
MB121Kelp and seaweed communities on Atlantic infralittoral rock1170; 1160
MB123Kelp and seaweed communities on sediment-affected or disturbed Atlantic infralittoral rock1170; 1160
MB124Kelp communities on variable salinity Atlantic infralittoral rock1170; 1130; 1160
MB321Kelp and seaweed communities on Atlantic infralittoral coarse sediment1160
MB521Kelp and seaweed communities on Atlantic infralittoral sand1160
MB621Vegetated communities on Atlantic infralittoral mud1160
Baltic Sea
MA131Baltic hydrolittoral rock and boulders characterised by perennial algae1160; 1170; 1130; 1610; 1620
MB131Perennial algae on Baltic infralittoral rock and boulders1170; 1160
MB232Baltic infralittoral bottoms characterised by shell gravel1160; 1110
MB333Baltic infralittoral coarse sediment characterised by perennial algae1110; 1160
MB433Baltic infralittoral mixed sediment characterised by perennial algae1110; 1130; 1160; 1170
Black Sea
MB144Mytilid-dominated Black Sea exposed upper infralittoral rock with fucales1170; 1160
MB149Mytilid-dominated Black Sea moderately exposed upper infralittoral rock with fucales1170; 1160
MB14AFucales and other algae on Black Sea sheltered upper infralittoral rock, well illuminated1170; 1160
Mediterranean Sea
MA1548Association with Fucus virsoides1160; 1170
MB1512Association with Cystoseira tamariscifolia and Saccorhiza polyschides1170; 1160
MB1513Association with Cystoseira amentacea (var. amentacea, var. stricta, var. spicata)1170; 1160
MB151FAssociation with Cystoseira brachycarpa1170; 1160
MB151GAssociation with Cystoseira crinita1170; 1160
MB151HAssociation with Cystoseira crinitophylla1170; 1160
MB151JAssociation with Cystoseira sauvageauana1170; 1160
MB151KAssociation with Cystoseira spinosa1170; 1160
MB151LAssociation with Sargassum vulgare1170; 1160
MB151MAssociation with Dictyopteris polypodioides1170; 1160
MB151WAssociation with Cystoseira compressa1170; 1160
MB1524Association with Cystoseira barbata1170; 1160
MC1511Association with Cystoseira zosteroides1170; 1160
MC1512Association with Cystoseira usneoides1170; 1160
MC1513Association with Cystoseira dubia1170; 1160
MC1514Association with Cystoseira corniculata1170; 1160
MC1515Association with Sargassum spp.1170; 1160
MC1518Association with Laminaria ochroleuca1170; 1160
MC3517Association with Laminaria rodriguezii on detritic beds1160

3. Group 3: Shellfish beds

EUNIS codeEUNIS habitat type nameRelated habitat type code as referred to in Annex I to Directive 92/43/EEC
Atlantic
MA122Mytilus edulis and/or barnacle communities on wave-exposed Atlantic littoral rock1160; 1170
MA124Mussel and/or barnacle communities with seaweeds on Atlantic littoral rock1160; 1170
MA227Bivalve reefs in the Atlantic littoral zone1170; 1140
MB222Bivalve reefs in the Atlantic infralittoral zone1170; 1130; 1160
MC223Bivalve reefs in the Atlantic circalittoral zone1170
Baltic Sea
MB231Baltic infralittoral bottoms dominated by epibenthic bivalves1170; 1160
MC231Baltic circalittoral bottoms dominated by epibenthic bivalves1170; 1160; 1110
MD231Baltic offshore circalittoral biogenic bottoms characterised by epibenthic bivalves1170
MD232Baltic offshore circalittoral shell gravel bottoms characterised by bivalves1170
MD431Baltic offshore circalittoral mixed bottoms characterised by macroscopic epibenthic biotic structures
MD531Baltic offshore circalittoral sand characterised by macroscopic epibenthic biotic structures
MD631Baltic offshore circalittoral mud characterised by epibenthic bivalves
Black Sea
MB141Invertebrate-dominated Black Sea lower infralittoral rock1170
MB143Mytilid-dominated Black Sea exposed upper infralittoral rock with foliose algae (no Fucales)1170; 1160
MB148Mytilid-dominated Black Sea moderately exposed upper infralittoral rock with foliose algae (other than Fucales)1170; 1160
MB242Mussel beds in the Black Sea infralittoral zone1170; 1130; 1160
MB243Oyster reefs on Black Sea lower infralittoral rock1170
MB642Black Sea infralittoral terrigenous muds1160
MC141Invertebrate-dominated Black Sea circalittoral rock1170
MC241Mussel beds on Black Sea circalittoral terrigenous muds1170
MC645Black Sea lower circalittoral mud
Mediterranean Sea
MA1544Facies with Mytilus galloprovincialis in waters enriched in organic matter1160; 1170
MB1514Facies with Mytilus galloprovincialis1170; 1160
Mediterranean infralittoral oyster beds
Mediterranean circalittoral oyster beds

4. Group 4: Maerl beds

EUNIS codeEUNIS habitat type nameRelated habitat type code as referred to in Annex I to Directive 92/43/EEC
Atlantic
MB322Maerl beds on Atlantic infralittoral coarse sediment1110; 1160
MB421Maerl beds on Atlantic infralittoral mixed sediment1110; 1160
MB622Maerl beds on Atlantic infralittoral muddy sediment1110; 1160
Mediterranean Sea
MB3511Association with rhodolithes in coarse sands and fine gravels mixed by waves1110; 1160
MB3521Association with rhodolithes in coarse sands and fine gravels under the influence of bottom currents1110; 1160
MB3522Association with maerl (= Association with Lithothamnion corallioides and Phymatolithon calcareum) on Mediterranean coarse sands and gravel1110; 1160
MC3521Association with rhodolithes on coastal detritic bottoms1110
MC3523Association with maerl (Lithothamnion corallioides and Phymatholithon calcareum) on coastal dendritic bottoms1110

5. Group 5: Sponge, coral and coralligenous beds

EUNIS codeEUNIS habitat type nameRelated habitat type code as referred to in Annex I to Directive 92/43/EEC
Atlantic
MC121Faunal turf communities on Atlantic circalittoral rock1170
MC124Faunal communities on variable salinity Atlantic circalittoral rock1170; 1130
MC126Communities of Atlantic circalittoral caves and overhangs8330; 1170
MC222Cold water coral reefs in the Atlantic circalittoral zone1170
MD121Sponge communities on Atlantic offshore circalittoral rock1170
MD221Cold water coral reefs in the Atlantic offshore circalittoral zone1170
ME122Sponge communities on Atlantic upper bathyal rock1170
ME123Mixed cold water coral communities on Atlantic upper bathyal rock1170
ME221Atlantic upper bathyal cold water coral reef1170
ME322Mixed cold water coral community on Atlantic upper bathyal coarse sediment
ME324Sponge aggregation on Atlantic upper bathyal coarse sediment
ME422Sponge aggregation on Atlantic upper bathyal mixed sediment
ME623Sponge aggregation on Atlantic upper bathyal mud
ME624Erect coral field on Atlantic upper bathyal mud
MF121Mixed cold water coral community on Atlantic lower bathyal rock1170
MF221Atlantic lower bathyal cold water coral reef1170
MF321Mixed cold water coral community on Atlantic lower bathyal coarse sediment
MF622Sponge aggregation on Atlantic lower bathyal mud
MF623Erect coral field on Atlantic lower bathyal mud
Baltic Sea
MB138Baltic infralittoral rock and boulders characterized by epibenthic sponges1170; 1160
MB43ABaltic infralittoral mixed sediment characterized by epibenthic sponges (Porifera)1160; 1170
MC133Baltic circalittoral rock and boulders characterized by epibenthic cnidarians1170; 1160
MC136Baltic circalittoral rock and boulders characterized by epibenthic sponges1170; 1160
MC433Baltic circalittoral mixed sediment characterized by epibenthic cnidarians1160; 1170
MC436Baltic circalittoral mixed sediment characterized by epibenthic sponges1160
Black Sea
MD24Black Sea offshore circalittoral biogenic habitats1170
ME14Black Sea upper bathyal rock1170
ME24Black Sea upper bathyal biogenic habitat1170
MF14Black Sea lower bathyal rock1170
Mediterranean Sea
MB151EFacies with Cladocora caespitosa1170; 1160
MB151QFacies with Astroides calycularis1170; 1160
MB151αFacies and association of coralligenous biocenosis (in enclave)1170; 1160
MC1519Facies with Eunicella cavolini1170; 1160
MC151AFacies with Eunicella singularis1170; 1160
MC151BFacies with Paramuricea clavata1170; 1160
MC151EFacies with Leptogorgia sarmentosa1170; 1160
MC151FFacies with Anthipatella subpinnata and sparse red algae1170; 1160
MC151GFacies with massive sponges and sparse red algae1170; 1160
MC1522Facies with Corallium rubrum8330; 1170
MC1523Facies with Leptopsammia pruvoti8330; 1170
MC251Coralligenous platforms1170
MC6514Facies of sticky muds with Alcyonium palmatum and Parastichopus regalis on circalittoral mud1160
MD151Biocenosis of Mediterranean shelf-edge rock1170
MD25Mediterranean offshore circalittoral biogenic habitats1170
MD6512Facies of sticky muds with Alcyonium palmatum and Parastichopus regalis on lower circalittoral mud
ME1511Mediterranean upper bathyal Lophelia pertusa reefs1170
ME1512Mediterranean upper bathyal Madrepora oculata reefs1170
ME1513Mediterranean upper bathyal Madrepora oculata and Lophelia pertusa reefs1170
ME6514Mediterranean upper bathyal facies of with Pheronema carpenteri
MF1511Mediterranean lower bathyal Lophelia pertusa reefs1170
MF1512Mediterranean lower bathyal Madrepora oculata reefs1170
MF1513Mediterranean lower bathyal Madrepora oculata and Lophelia pertusa reefs1170
MF6511Mediterranean lower bathyal facies of sandy muds with Thenea muricata
MF6513Mediterranean lower bathyal facies of compact muds with Isidella elongata

6. Group 6: Vents and seeps

EUNIS codeEUNIS habitat type nameRelated habitat type code as referred to in Annex I to Directive 92/43/EEC
Atlantic
MB128Vents and seeps in Atlantic infralittoral rock1170; 1160; 1180
MB627Vents and seeps in Atlantic infralittoral mud1130; 1160
MC127Vents and seeps in Atlantic circalittoral rock1170; 1180
MC622Vents and seeps in Atlantic circalittoral mud1160
MD122Vents and seeps on Atlantic offshore circalittoral rock1170
MD622Vents and seeps in Atlantic offshore circalittoral mud

7. Group 7: Soft sediments (not deeper than 1 000 metres of depth)

EUNIS codeEUNIS habitat type nameRelated habitat type code as referred to in Annex I to Directive 92/43/EEC
Atlantic
MA32Atlantic littoral coarse sediment1130; 1160
MA42Atlantic littoral mixed sediment1130; 1140; 1160
MA52Atlantic littoral sand1130; 1140; 1160
MA62Atlantic littoral mud1130; 1140; 1160
MB32Atlantic infralittoral coarse sediment1110; 1130; 1160
MB42Atlantic infralittoral mixed sediment1110; 1130; 1150; 1160
MB52Atlantic infralittoral sand1110; 1130; 1150; 1160
MB62Atlantic infralittoral mud1110; 1130; 1160
MC32Atlantic circalittoral coarse sediment1110; 1160
MC42Atlantic circalittoral mixed sediment1110; 1160
MC52Atlantic circalittoral sand1110; 1160
MC62Atlantic circalittoral mud1160
MD32Atlantic offshore circalittoral coarse sediment
MD42Atlantic offshore circalittoral mixed sediment
MD52Atlantic offshore circalittoral sand
MD62Atlantic offshore circalittoral mud
ME32Atlantic upper bathyal coarse sediment
ME42Atlantic upper bathyal mixed sediment
ME52Atlantic upper bathyal sand
ME62Atlantic upper bathyal mud
MF32Atlantic lower bathyal coarse sediment
MF42Atlantic lower bathyal mixed sediment
MF52Atlantic lower bathyal sand
MF62Atlantic lower bathyal mud
Baltic Sea
MA33Baltic hydrolittoral coarse sediment1130; 1160; 1610; 1620
MA43Baltic hydrolittoral mixed sediment1130; 1140; 1160; 1610
MA53Baltic hydrolittoral sand1130; 1140; 1160; 1610
MA63Baltic hydrolittoral mud1130; 1140; 1160; 1650
MB33Baltic infralittoral coarse sediment1110; 1150; 1160
MB43Baltic infralittoral mixed sediment1110; 1130; 1150; 1160; 1170; 1650
MB53Baltic infralittoral sand1110; 1130; 1150; 1160
MB63Baltic infralittoral mud1130; 1150; 1160; 1650
MC33Baltic circalittoral coarse sediment1110; 1160
MC43Baltic circalittoral mixed sediment1160; 1170
MC53Baltic circalittoral sand1110; 1160
MC63Baltic circalittoral mud1160; 1650
MD33Baltic offshore circalittoral coarse sediment
MD43Baltic offshore circalittoral mixed sediment
MD53Baltic offshore circalittoral sand
MD63Baltic offshore circalittoral mud
Black Sea
MA34Black Sea littoral coarse sediment1160
MA44Black Sea littoral mixed sediment1130; 1140; 1160
MA54Black Sea littoral sand1130; 1140; 1160
MA64Black Sea littoral mud1130; 1140; 1160
MB34Black Sea infralittoral coarse sediment1110; 1160
MB44Black Sea infralittoral mixed sediment1110; 1170
MB54Black Sea infralittoral sand1110; 1130; 1160
MB64Black Sea infralittoral mud1130; 1160
MC34Black Sea circalittoral coarse sediment1160
MC44Black Sea circalittoral mixed sediment
MC54Black Sea circalittoral sand1160
MC64Black Sea circalittoral mud1130; 1160
MD34Black Sea offshore circalittoral coarse sediment
MD44Black Sea offshore circalittoral mixed sediment
MD54Black Sea offshore circalittoral sand
MD64Black Sea offshore circalittoral mud
Mediterranean Sea
MA35Mediterranean littoral coarse sediment1160; 1130
MA45Mediterranean littoral mixed sediment1140; 1160
MA55Mediterranean littoral sand1130; 1140; 1160
MA65Mediterranean littoral mud1130; 1140; 1150; 1160
MB35Mediterranean infralittoral coarse sediment1110; 1160
MB45Mediterranean infralittoral mixed sediment
MB55Mediterranean infralittoral sand1110; 1130; 1150; 1160
MB65Mediterranean infralittoral mud1130; 1150
MC35Mediterranean circalittoral coarse sediment1110; 1160
MC45Mediterranean circalittoral mixed sediment
MC55Mediterranean circalittoral sand1110; 1160
MC65Mediterranean circalittoral mud1130; 1160
MD35Mediterranean offshore circalittoral coarse sediment
MD45Mediterranean offshore circalittoral mixed sediment
MD55Mediterranean offshore circalittoral sand
MD65Mediterranean offshore circalittoral mud
ME35Mediterranean upper bathyal coarse sediment
ME45Mediterranean upper bathyal mixed sediment
ME55Mediterranean upper bathyal sand
ME65Mediterranean upper bathyal mud
MF35Mediterranean lower bathyal coarse sediment
MF45Mediterranean lower bathyal mixed sediment
MF55Mediterranean lower bathyal sand
MF65Mediterranean lower bathyal mud



(1) EUNIS marine habitat classification 2022. European Environment Agency https://www.eea.europa.eu/data-and-maps/data/eunis-habitat-classification-1.



ANNEX III

MARINE SPECIES REFERRED TO IN ARTICLE 5(5)

(1)   

dwarf sawfish (Pristis clavata);

(2)   

smalltooth sawfish (Pristis pectinata);

(3)   

largetooth sawfish (Pristis pristis);

(4)   

basking shark (Cetorhinus maximus) and white shark (Carcharodon carcharias);

(5)   

smooth lantern shark (Etmopterus pusillus);

(6)   

reef manta ray (Mobula alfredi);

(7)   

giant manta ray (Mobula birostris);

(8)   

devil fish (Mobula mobular);

(9)   

lesser Guinean devil ray (Mobula rochebrunei);

(10)   

spinetail mobula (Mobula japanica);

(11)   

smoothtail mobula (Mobula thurstoni);

(12)   

longhorned mobula (Mobula eregoodootenkee);

(13)   

Chilean devil ray (Mobula tarapacana);

(14)   

shortfin devil ray (Mobula kuhlii);

(15)   

lesser devil ray (Mobula hypostoma);

(16)   

Norwegian skate (Dipturus nidarosiensis);

(17)   

white skate (Rostroraja alba);

(18)   

guitarfishes (Rhinobatidae);

(19)   

angel shark (Squatina squatina);

(20)   

salmon (Salmo salar);

(21)   

sea trout (Salmo trutta);

(22)   

houting (Coregonus oxyrhynchus).



ANNEX IV

LIST OF BIODIVERSITY INDICATORS FOR AGRICULTURAL ECOSYSTEMS REFERRED TO IN ARTICLE 11(2)

IndicatorDescription, units, and methodology for determining and monitoring the indicator
Grassland butterfly indexDescription: This indicator is composed of species considered to be characteristic of European grasslands and which occur in a large part of Europe, covered by the majority of the Butterfly Monitoring Schemes. It is based on the geometric mean of species trends.

Unit: Index.

Methodology: as developed and used by Butterfly Conservation Europe, Van Swaay, C.A.M, Assessing Butterflies in Europe - Butterfly Indicators 1990-2018, Technical report, Butterfly Conservation Europe, 2020.
Stock of organic carbon in cropland mineral soilsDescription: This indicator describes the stock of organic carbon in cropland mineral soils at a depth of 0 to 30 cm.

Unit: Tonnes of organic carbon/ha.

Methodology: as set out in Annex V to Regulation (EU) 2018/1999 in accordance with the 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories, and as supported by the Land Use and Coverage Area frame Survey (LUCAS) Soil, Jones A. et al., LUCAS Soil 2022, JRC technical report, Publications Office of the European Union, 2021.
Share of agricultural land with high-diversity landscape featuresDescription: High-diversity landscape features, such as buffer strips, hedgerows, individual or groups of trees, tree rows, field margins, patches, ditches, streams, small wetlands, terraces, cairns, stonewalls, small ponds and cultural features, are elements of permanent natural or semi-natural vegetation present in an agricultural context which provide ecosystem services and support for biodiversity.

In order to do so, landscape features need to be subject to as little negative external disturbances as possible to provide safe habitats for various taxa, and therefore need to comply with the following conditions:

(a)they cannot be under productive agricultural use (including grazing or fodder production), unless such use is necessary for the preservation of biodiversity; and

(b)they should not receive fertilizer or pesticide treatment, except for low input treatment with solid manure.

Land lying fallow, including temporarily, can be considered as high diversity landscape features if it complies with criteria set out under (a) and (b) of the second paragraph. Productive trees part of sustainable agroforestry systems or trees in extensive old orchards on permanent grassland and productive elements in hedges can also be considered as high diversity landscape features, if they comply with criterion set out under (b) of the second paragraph, and if harvests take place only at moments where it would not compromise high biodiversity levels.

Unit: Percent (share of Utilised Agricultural Area).

Methodology: as developed under indicator I.21, Annex I to Regulation (EU) 2021/2115, as based on latest updated version of LUCAS for landscape elements, Ballin M. et al., Redesign sample for Land Use/Cover Area frame Survey (LUCAS), Eurostat 2018, and for land laying fallow, Farm Structure, Reference Metadata in Single Integrated Metadata Structure, online publication, Eurostat and, where applicable, for high diversity landscape features not covered by the methodology above, methodology developed by Member States in accordance with Article 14(7) of this Regulation.

The LUCAS methodology is updated on a regular basis to enhance the reliability of the data used in the Union and, at national level, by Member States when implementing their national restoration plans.



ANNEX V

COMMON FARMLAND BIRD INDEX AT NATIONAL LEVEL

Description

The common farmland bird index summarises population trends of common and widespread birds of farmland and is intended as a proxy to assess the biodiversity status of agricultural ecosystems in Europe. The national common farmland bird index is a composite, multispecies index that measures the rate of change in the relative abundance of farmland bird species across selected survey sites at national level. That index is based on specially selected species that are dependent on farmland habitats for feeding or nesting, or both. National common farmland bird indices are based on species sets that are relevant to each Member State. The national common farmland bird index is calculated with reference to a base year when the index value is typically set at 100. Trend values express the overall population change in the population size of the constituent farmland birds over a period of years.

Methodology: Brlík et al. (2021): Long-term and large-scale multispecies dataset tracking population changes of common European breeding birds. Sci Data 8, 21. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-021-00804-2

‘Member States with historically more depleted populations of farmland birds’ means Member States where half or more species contributing to the national common farmland bird index have a negative long-term population trend. In Member States where information on long-term population trends is not available for some species, information on the European status of species is used.

These Member States are:

Czechia

Denmark

Germany

Estonia

Spain

France

Italy

Luxembourg

Hungary

Netherlands

Finland

‘Member States with historically less depleted populations of farmland birds’ means Member States where less than half of species contributing to the national common farmland bird index have a negative long-term population trend. In Member States, where information on long-term population trends is not available for some species, information on the European status of species is used.

These Member States are:

Belgium

Bulgaria

Ireland

Greece

Croatia

Cyprus

Latvia

Lithuania

Malta

Austria

Poland

Portugal

Romania

Slovenia

Slovakia

Sweden

List of species used for the common farmland bird index in the Member States

Belgium - FlandersBelgium - Wallonia
Alauda arvensisAlauda arvensis
Anthus pratensisAnthus pratensis
Emberiza citrinellaCorvus frugilegus
Falco tinnunculusEmberiza citrinella
Haematopus ostralegusFalco tinnunculus
Hirundo rusticaHirundo rustica
Limosa limosaLanius collurio
Linaria cannabinLinaria cannabina
Motacilla flavaMiliaria calandra
Numenius arquataMotacilla flava
Passer montanusPasser montanus
Perdix perdiPerdix perdix
Saxicola torquatusSaxicola torquatus
Sylvia communisStreptopelia turtur
Vanellus vanellusSturnus vulgaris
Sylvia communis
Vanellus vanellus

Bulgaria

Alauda arvensis

Carduelis carduelis

Coturnix coturnix

Corvus frugilegus

Emberiza hortulana

Emberiza melanocephala

Falco tinnunculus

Galerida cristata

Hirundo rustica

Lanius collurio

Linaria cannabina

Miliaria calandra

Motacilla flava

Perdix perdix

Passer montanus

Sylvia communis

Streptopelia turtur

Sturnus vulgaris

Upupa epops

Czechia

Alauda arvensis

Anthus pratensis

Ciconia ciconia

Corvus frugilegus

Emberiza citrinella

Falco tinnunculus

Hirundo rustica

Lanius collurio

Linaria cannabina

Miliaria calandra

Motacilla flava

Passer montanus

Perdix perdix

Saxicola rubetra

Saxicola torquatus

Serinus serinus

Streptopelia turtur

Sturnus vulgaris

Sylvia communis

Vanellus vanellus

Denmark

Alauda arvensis

Anthus pratensis

Carduelis carduelis

Corvus corone

Corvus frugilegus

Emberiza citrinella

Falco tinnunculus

Gallinago gallinago

Hirundo rustica

Lanius collurio

Linaria cannabina

Miliaria calandra

Motacilla alba

Motacilla flava

Oenanthe oenanthe

Passer montanus

Perdix perdix

Saxicola rubetra

Sylvia communis

Sylvia curruca

Turdus pilaris

Vanellus vanellus

Germany

Alauda arvensis

Athene noctua

Emberiza citrinella

Lanius collurio

Limosa limosa

Lullula arborea

Miliaria calandra

Milvus milvus

Saxicola rubetra

Vanellus vanellus

Estonia

Alauda arvensis

Anthus pratensis

Corvus frugilegus

Emberiza citrinella

Hirundo rustica

Lanius collurio

Linaria cannabina

Motacilla flava

Passer montanus

Saxicola rubetra

Streptopelia turtur

Sturnus vulgaris

Sylvia communis

Vanellus vanellus

Ireland

Carduelis carduelis

Columba oenas

Columba palumbus

Corvus cornix

Corvus frugilegus

Corvus monedula

Emberiza citrinella

Falco tinnunculus

Fringilla coelebs

Hirundo rustica

Chloris chloris

Linaria cannabina

Motacilla alba

Passer domesticus

Phasianus colchicus

Pica pica

Saxicola torquatus

Sturnus vulgaris

Greece

Alauda arvensis

Apus apus

Athene noctua

Calandrella brachydactyla

Carduelis carduelis

Carduelis chloris

Ciconia ciconia

Corvus corone

Corvus monedula

Delichon urbicum

Emberiza cirlus

Emberiza hortulana

Emberiza melanocephala

Falco naumanni

Falco tinnunculus

Galerida cristata

Hirundo daurica

Hirundo rustica

Lanius collurio

Lanius minor

Lanius senator

Linaria cannabina

Lullula arborea

Luscinia megarhynchos

Melanocorypha calandra

Miliaria calandra

Motacilla flava

Oenanthe hispanica

Oenanthe oenanthe

Passer domesticus

Passer hispaniolensis

Passer montanus

Pica pica

Saxicola rubetra

Saxicola torquatus

Streptopelia decaocto

Streptopelia turtur

Sturnus vulgaris

Sylvia melanocephala

Upupa epops

Spain

Alauda arvensis

Alectoris rufa

Athene noctua

Calandrella brachydactyla

Carduelis carduelis

Cisticola juncidis

Corvus monedula

Coturnix coturnix

Emberiza calandra

Falco tinnunculus

Galerida cristata

Hirundo rustica

Linaria cannabina

Melanocorypha calandra

Merops apiaster

Oenanthe hispanica

Passer domesticus

Passer montanus

Pica pica

Pterocles orientalis

Streptopelia turtur

Sturnus unicolor

Tetrax tetrax

Upupa epops

France

Alauda arvensis

Alectoris rufa

Anthus campestris

Anthus pratensis

Buteo buteo

Corvus frugilegus

Coturnix coturnix

Emberiza cirlus

Emberiza citrinella

Emberiza hortulana

Falco tinnunculus

Galerida cristata

Lanius collurio

Linaria cannabina

Lullula arborea

Melanocorypha calandra

Motacilla flava

Oenanthe oenanthe

Perdix perdix

Saxicola torquatus

Saxicola rubetra

Sylvia communis

Upupa epops

Vanellus vanellus

Croatia

Alauda arvensis

Anthus campestris

Anthus trivialis

Carduelis carduelis

Coturnix coturnix

Emberiza cirlus

Emberiza citrinella

Emberiza melanocephala

Falco tinnunculus

Galerida cristata

Jynx torquilla

Lanius collurio

Lanius senator

Linaria cannabina

Lullula arborea

Luscinia megarhynchos

Miliaria calandra

Motacilla flava

Oenanthe hispanica

Oriolus oriolus

Passer montanus

Pica pica

Saxicola rubetra

Saxicola torquatus

Streptopelia turtur

Sylvia communis

Upupa epops

Vanellus vanellus

Italy

Alauda arvensis

Anthus campestris

Calandrella brachydactyla

Carduelis carduelis

Carduelis chloris

Corvus cornix

Emberiza calandra

Emberiza hortulana

Falco tinnunculus

Galerida cristata

Hirundo rustica

Jynx torquilla

Lanius collurio

Luscinia megarhynchos

Melanocorypha calandra

Motacilla alba

Motacilla flava

Oriolus oriolus

Passer domesticus italiae

Passer hispaniolensis

Passer montanus

Pica pica

Saxicola torquatus

Serinus serinus

Streptopelia turtur

Sturnus unicolor

Sturnus vulgaris

Upupa epops

Cyprus

Alectoris chukar

Athene noctua

Carduelis carduelis

Cisticola juncidis

Clamator glandarius

Columba palumbus

Coracias garrulus

Corvus corone cornix

Coturnix coturnix

Emberiza calandra

Emberiza melanocephala

Falco tinnunculus

Francolinus francolinus

Galerida cristata

Hirundo rustica

Chloris chloris

Iduna pallida

Linaria cannabina

Oenanthe cypriaca

Parus major

Passer hispaniolensis

Pica pica

Streptopelia turtur

Sylvia conspicillata

Sylvia melanocephala

Latvia

Acrocephalus palustris

Alauda arvensis

Anthus pratensis

Carduelis carduelis

Carpodacus erythrinus

Ciconia ciconia

Crex crex

Emberiza citrinella

Lanius collurio

Locustella naevia

Motacilla flava

Passer montanus

Saxicola rubetra

Sturnus vulgaris

Sylvia communis

Vanellus vanellus

Lithuania

Alauda arvensis

Anthus pratensis

Carduelis carduelis

Ciconia ciconia

Crex crex

Emberiza citrinella

Hirundo rustica

Lanius collurio

Motacilla flava

Passer montanus

Saxicola rubetra

Sturnus vulgaris

Sylvia communis

Vanellus vanellus

Luxembourg

Alauda arvensis

Emberiza citrinella

Lanius collurio

Linaria cannabina

Passer montanus

Saxicola torquatus

Sylvia communis

Hungary

Alauda arvensis

Anthus campestris

Coturnix coturnix

Emberiza calandra

Falco tinnunculus

Galerida cristata

Lanius collurio

Lanius minor

Locustella naevia

Merops apiaster

Motacilla flava

Perdix perdix

Sturnus vulgaris

Sylvia communis

Sylvia nisoria

Vanellus vanellus

Malta

Calandrella brachydactyla

Linaria cannabina

Cettia cetti

Cisticola juncidis

Coturnix coturnix

Emberiza calandra

Lanius senator

Monticola solitarius

Passer hispaniolensis

Passer montanus

Serinus serinus

Streptopelia decaocto

Streptopelia turtur

Sturnus vulgaris

Sylvia conspicillata

Sylvia melanocephala

Netherlands

Alauda arvensis

Anthus pratensis

Athene noctua

Calidris pugnax

Carduelis carduelis

Corvus frugilegus

Coturnix coturnix

Emberiza citrinella

Falco tinnunculus

Gallinago gallinago

Haematopus ostralegus

Hippolais icterina

Hirundo rustica

Limosa limosa

Miliaria calandra

Motacilla fl ava

Numenius arquata

Passer montanus

Perdix perdix

Saxicola torquatus

Spatula clypeata

Streptopelia turtur

Sturnus vulgaris

Sylvia communis

Tringa totanus

Turdus viscivorus

Vanellus vanellus

Austria

Acrocephalus palustris

Alauda arvensis

Anthus spinoletta

Anthus trivialis

Carduelis carduelis

Emberiza citrinella

Falco tinnunculus

Jynx torquilla

Lanius collurio

Linaria cannabina

Lullula arborea

Miliaria calandra

Oenanthe oenanthe

Passer montanus

Perdix perdix

Saxicola rubetra

Saxicola torquatus

Serinus citrinella

Serinus serinus

Streptopelia turtur

Sturnus vulgaris

Sylvia communis

Turdus pilaris

Vanellus vanellus

Poland

Alauda arvensis

Anthus pratensis

Ciconia ciconia

Emberiza citrinella

Emberiza hortulana

Falco tinnunculus

Galerida cristata

Hirundo rustica

Lanius collurio

Limosa limosa

Linaria cannabina

Miliaria calandra

Motacilla flava

Passer montanus

Saxicola torquatus

Saxicola rubetra

Serinus serinus

Streptopelia turtur

Sturnus vulgaris

Sylvia communis

Upupa epops

Vanellus vanellus

Portugal

Athene noctua

Bubulcus ibis

Carduelis carduelis

Chloris chloris

Ciconia ciconia

Cisticola juncidis

Coturnix coturnix

Delichon urbicum

Emberiza cirlus

Falco tinnunculus

Galerida cristata

Hirundo rustica

Lanius meridionalis

Linaria cannabina

Merops apiaster

Miliaria calandra

Milvus migrans

Passer domesticus

Pica pica

Saxicola torquatus

Serinus serinus

Sturnus unicolor

Upupa epops

Romania

Alauda arvensis

Anthus campestris

Calandrella brachydactyla

Ciconia ciconia

Corvus frugilegus

Emberiza calandra

Emberiza citrinella

Emberiza hortulana

Emberiza melanocephala

Falco tinnunculus

Galerida cristata

Hirundo rustica

Lanius collurio

Lanius minor

Linaria cannabina

Melanocorypha calandra

Motacilla flava

Passer montanus

Perdix perdix

Saxicola rubetra

Saxicola torquatus

Streptopelia turtur

Sturnus vulgaris

Sylvia communis

Upupa epops

Vanellus vanellus

Slovenia

Acrocephalus palustris

Alauda arvensis

Anthus trivialis

Carduelis carduelis

Columba oenas

Columba palumbus

Emberiza calandra

Emberiza cirlus

Emberiza citrinella

Falco tinnunculus

Galerida cristata

Hirundo rustica

Jynx torquilla

Lanius collurio

Linaria cannabina

Lullula arborea

Luscinia megarhynchos

Motacilla flava

Passer montanus

Phoenicurus phoenicurus

Picus viridis

Saxicola rubetra

Saxicola torquatus

Serinus serinus

Streptopelia turtur

Sturnus vulgaris

Sylvia communis

Upupa epops

Vanellus vanellus

Slovakia

Alauda arvensis

Carduelis carduelis

Emberiza calandra

Emberiza citrinella

Falco tinnunculus

Hirundo rustica

Chloris chloris

Lanius collurio

Linaria cannabina

Locustella naevia

Motacilla flava

Passer montanus

Saxicola rubetra

Saxicola torquatus

Serinus serinus

Streptopelia turtur

Sturnus vulgaris

Sylvia communis

Sylvia nisoria

Vanellus vanellus

Finland

Alauda arvensis

Anthus pratensis

Corvus monedula

Crex crex

Delichon urbica

Emberiza hortulana

Hirundo rustica

Numenius arquata

Passer montanus

Saxicola rubertra

Sturnus vulgaris

Sylvia communis

Turdus pilaris

Vanellus vanellus

Sweden

Alauda arvensis

Anthus pratensis

Corvus frugilegus

Emberiza citrinella

Emberiza hortulana

Falco tinnunculus

Hirundo rustica

Lanius collurio

Linaria cannabina

Motacilla flava

Passer montanus

Saxicola rubetra

Sturnus vulgaris

Sylvia communis

Vanellus vanellus



ANNEX VI

LIST OF BIODIVERSITY INDICATORS FOR FOREST ECOSYSTEMS REFERRED TO IN ARTICLE 12(2) AND 12(3)

IndicatorDescription, units, and methodology for determining and monitoring the indicator
Standing deadwoodDescription: This indicator shows the amount of non-living standing woody biomass in forest and other wooded land.

Unit: m3/ha.

Methodology: as developed and used by FOREST EUROPE, State of Europe’s Forests 2020, FOREST EUROPE 2020, and in the description of national forest inventories in Tomppo E. et al., National Forest Inventories, Pathways for Common Reporting, Springer, 2010, and taking into account the methodology as set out in Annex V to Regulation (EU) 2018/1999 in accordance with the 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories.
Lying deadwoodDescription: This indicator shows the amount of non-living woody biomass lying on the ground in forest and other wooded land.

Unit: m3/ha.

Methodology: as developed and used by FOREST EUROPE, State of Europe’s Forests 2020, FOREST EUROPE 2020, and in the description of national forest inventories in Tomppo E. et al., National Forest Inventories, Pathways for Common Reporting, Springer, 2010, and taking into account the methodology as set out in Annex V to Regulation (EU) 2018/1999 in accordance with the 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories.
Share of forests with uneven-aged structureDescription: This indicator refers to the share of forests available for wood supply (FAWS) with uneven-aged structure in forests as compared to even-aged structure in forests.

Unit: Percent of FAWS with uneven-aged structure.

Methodology: as developed and used by FOREST EUROPE, State of Europe’s Forests 2020, FOREST EUROPE 2020, and in the description of national forest inventories in Tomppo E. et al., National Forest Inventories, Pathways for Common Reporting, Springer, 2010.
Forest connectivityDescription: Forest connectivity is the degree of compactness of forest covered areas. It is defined in the range of 0 to 100.

Unit: Index.

Methodology: as developed by FAO, Vogt P., et al., FAO – State of the World’s Forests: Forest Fragmentation, JRC Technical Report, Publications Office of the European Union, Luxembourg, 2019.
Common forest birds indexDescription: The forest bird indicator describes trends in the abundance of common forest birds across their European ranges over time. It is a composite index created from observational data of bird species characteristic for forest habitats in Europe. The index is based on a specific list of species in each Member State.

Unit: Index.

Methodology: Brlík et al. Long-term and large-scale multispecies dataset tracking population changes of common European breeding birds, Sci Data 8, 21. 2021.
Stock of organic carbonDescription: This indicator describes the stock of organic carbon in the litter and in the mineral soil at a depth of 0 to 30 cm in forest ecosystems.

Unit: Tonnes organic carbon/ha.

Methodology: as set out in Annex V to Regulation (EU) 2018/1999 in accordance with the 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories, and as supported by the Land Use and Coverage Area frame Survey (LUCAS) Soil, Jones A. et al., LUCAS Soil 2022, JRC technical report, Publications Office of the European Union, 2021.
Share of forest dominated by native tree speciesDescription: Share of forest and other wooded land dominated by (>50 % coverage) native tree species.

Unit: Percent.

Methodology: as developed and used by FOREST EUROPE, State of Europe’s Forests 2020, FOREST EUROPE 2020, and in the description of national forest inventories in Tomppo E. et al., National Forest Inventories, Pathways for Common Reporting, Springer, 2010.
Tree species diversityDescription: This indicator describes the mean number of tree species occurring in forest areas.

Unit: Index.

Methodology: Based on FOREST EUROPE, State of Europe’s Forests 2020, FOREST EUROPE 2020, and in the description of national forest inventories in Tomppo E. et al., National Forest Inventories, Pathways for Common Reporting, Springer, 2010.



ANNEX VII

LIST OF EXAMPLES OF RESTORATION MEASURES REFERRED TO IN ARTICLE 14(16)

(1)   

Restore wetlands, by rewetting drained peatlands, removing peatland drainage structures or de-poldering and discontinuing peat excavation.

(2)   

Improve hydrological conditions by increasing quantity, quality and dynamics of surface waters and groundwater levels for natural and semi-natural ecosystems.

(3)   

Remove unwanted scrub encroachment or non-native plantations on grasslands, wetlands, forests and sparsely vegetated land.

(4)   

Apply paludiculture.

(5)   

Re-establish the meandering of rivers and reconnect artificially cut meanders or oxbow lakes.

(6)   

Remove longitudinal and lateral barriers,such as dikes and dams; give more space to river dynamics and restore free-flowing river stretches.

(7)   

Re-naturalise riverbeds and lakes and lowland watercourses by, for example. removing artificial bed fixation, optimising substrate composition, improving or developing habitat cover.

(8)   

Restore natural sedimentation processes.

(9)   

Establish riparian buffers, such as riparian forests, buffer strips, meadows or pastures.

(10)   

Increase ecological features in forests, such as large, old and dying trees (habitat trees) and amounts of lying and standing deadwood.

(11)   

Work towards a diversified forest structure in terms of, for example, species composition and age, enable natural regeneration and succession of tree species.

(12)   

Assist migration of provenances and species where it may be needed due to climate change.

(13)   

Enhance forest diversity by restoring mosaics of non-forest habitats such as open patches of grassland or heathland, ponds or rocky areas.

(14)   

Make use of ‘close-to-nature’ or ‘continuous cover’ forestry approaches; introduce native tree species.

(15)   

Enhance the development of old-growth native forests and mature stands, for example, by abandonment of harvesting or by active management which favours development of autoregulatory functions and appropriate resilience.

(16)   

Introduce high-diversity landscape features in arable land and intensively used grassland, such as buffer strips, field margins with native flowers, hedgerows, trees, small forests, terrace walls, ponds, habitat corridors and stepping stones, etc.

(17)   

Increase the agricultural area subject to agro-ecological management approaches such as organic agriculture or agro-forestry, multicropping and crop rotation, integrated pest and nutrient management.

(18)   

Reduce grazing intensity or mowing regimes on grasslands where relevant and re-establish extensive grazing with domestic livestock and extensive mowing regimes where they were abandoned.

(19)   

Stop or reduce the use of chemical pesticides as well as chemical and animal manure fertilisers.

(20)   

Stop ploughing grassland and introducing seeds of productive grasses.

(21)   

Remove plantations on former dynamic inland dune systems to re-enable natural wind dynamics in favour of open habitats.

(22)   

Improve connectivity across habitats to enable the development of populations of species, and to allow for sufficient individual or genetic exchange as well as for species’ migration and adaptation to climate change.

(23)   

Allow ecosystems to develop their own natural dynamics for example by abandoning harvesting and promoting naturalness and wilderness.

(24)   

Remove and control invasive alien species, and prevent or minimise new introductions.

(25)   

Minimise negative impacts of fishing activities on the marine ecosystem, for example by using gear with less impact on seabed.

(26)   

Restore important fish spawning and nursery areas.

(27)   

Provide structures or substrates to encourage the return of marine life in support of the restoration of coral, oyster or boulder reefs.

(28)   

Restore seagrass meadows and kelp forests by actively stabilising the sea bottom, reducing and, where possible, eliminating pressures or by active propagation and planting.

(29)   

Restore or improve the state of characteristic native species population vital to the ecology of marine habitats by conducting passive or active restoration measures, for example, introducing juveniles.

(30)   

Reduce various forms of marine pollution, such as nutrient loading, noise pollution and plastic waste.

(31)   

Increase urban green spaces with ecological features, such as parks, trees and woodland patches, green roofs, wildflower grasslands, gardens, city horticulture, tree-lined streets, urban meadows and hedges, ponds and watercourses, taking into consideration, inter alia, species diversity, native species, local conditions and resilience to climate change.

(32)   

Stop, reduce or remediate pollution from pharmaceuticals, hazardous chemicals, urban and industrial wastewater, and other waste including litter and plastics as well as light in all ecosystems.

(33)   

Convert brownfield sites, former industrial areas and quarries into natural sites.



ELI: http://data.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/1991/oj

ISSN 1977-0677 (electronic edition)