COMMISSION STAFF WORKING DOCUMENT Accompanying the document REPORT FROM THE COMMISSION TO THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT, THE COUNCIL, THE EUROPEAN ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL COMMITTEE AND THE COMMITTEE OF THE REGIONS Energy prices and costs in Europe - Main contents

Document date	10-01-2019
Publication date	24-01-2019
Reference	5163/19 ADD 8
From	Secretary-General of the European Commission, signed by Mr Jordi AYET PUIGARNAU, Director
External link	original article
Original document in PDF

Council of the European Union

Brussels, 10 January 2019 (OR. en)

5163/19 ADD 8

ENER 8 ENV 21 CLIMA 8 COMPET 23 CONSOM 10 FISC 18

COVER NOTE

From: Secretary-General of the European Commission, signed by Mr Jordi AYET PUIGARNAU, Director

date of receipt: 9 January 2019

To: Mr Jeppe TRANHOLM-MIKKELSEN, Secretary-General of the Council of the European Union

No. Cion doc.: SWD(2019) 1 final - PART 8/11

Subject: COMMISSION STAFF WORKING DOCUMENT Accompanying the document REPORT FROM THE COMMISSION TO THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT, THE COUNCIL, THE EUROPEAN ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL COMMITTEE AND THE COMMITTEE OF THE REGIONS Energy prices and costs in Europe

Delegations will find attached document SWD(2019) 1 final - PART 8/11.

Encl.: SWD(2019) 1 final - PART 8/11

EUROPEAN COMMISSION

Brussels, 9.1.2019 SWD(2019) 1 final

PART 8/11

COMMISSION STAFF WORKING DOCUMENT

Accompanying the document

REPORT FROM THE COMMISSION TO THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT, THE COUNCIL, THE EUROPEAN ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL COMMITTEE AND THE

COMMITTEE OF THE REGIONS

Energy prices and costs in Europe

{COM(2019) 1 final}

List of Country sheets

AUSTRIA .............................................................................................................................. 107 P RICES ................................................................................................................................. 107 F INANCIAL SUPPORT INTERVENTIONS .................................................................................. 110

BELGIUM ............................................................................................................................. 111 P RICES ................................................................................................................................. 111 F INANCIAL SUPPORT INTERVENTIONS .................................................................................. 114

BULGARIA .......................................................................................................................... 115 P RICES ................................................................................................................................. 115 F INANCIAL SUPPORT INTERVENTIONS .................................................................................. 118

CROATIA ............................................................................................................................. 119 P RICES ................................................................................................................................. 119 F INANCIAL SUPPORT INTERVENTIONS .................................................................................. 122

CYPRUS ................................................................................................................................ 123 P RICES ................................................................................................................................. 123 F INANCIAL SUPPORT INTERVENTIONS .................................................................................. 126

CZECH REPUBLIC ............................................................................................................ 127 P RICES ................................................................................................................................. 127 F INANCIAL SUPPORT INTERVENTIONS .................................................................................. 130

DENMARK ........................................................................................................................... 131 P RICES ................................................................................................................................. 131 F INANCIAL SUPPORT INTERVENTIONS .................................................................................. 134

ESTONIA .............................................................................................................................. 135 P RICES ................................................................................................................................. 135 F INANCIAL SUPPORT INTERVENTIONS .................................................................................. 138

FINLAND .............................................................................................................................. 139 P RICES ................................................................................................................................. 139 F INANCIAL SUPPORT INTERVENTIONS .................................................................................. 142

FRANCE ............................................................................................................................... 143 P RICES ................................................................................................................................. 143 F INANCIAL SUPPORT INTERVENTIONS .................................................................................. 146

GERMANY ........................................................................................................................... 147 P RICES ................................................................................................................................. 147 F INANCIAL SUPPORT INTERVENTIONS .................................................................................. 150

GREECE ............................................................................................................................... 151 P RICES ................................................................................................................................. 151 F INANCIAL SUPPORT INTERVENTIONS .................................................................................. 154

HUNGARY ........................................................................................................................... 155 P RICES ................................................................................................................................. 155 F INANCIAL SUPPORT INTERVENTIONS .................................................................................. 158

IRELAND ............................................................................................................................. 159 P RICES ................................................................................................................................. 159 F INANCIAL SUPPORT INTERVENTIONS .................................................................................. 162

ITALY ................................................................................................................................... 163 P RICES ................................................................................................................................. 163 F INANCIAL SUPPORT INTERVENTIONS .................................................................................. 166

LATVIA ................................................................................................................................ 167 P RICES ................................................................................................................................. 167 F INANCIAL SUPPORT INTERVENTIONS .................................................................................. 170

LITHUANIA ......................................................................................................................... 171 P RICES ................................................................................................................................. 171 F INANCIAL SUPPORT INTERVENTIONS .................................................................................. 174

LUXEMBOURG .................................................................................................................. 175 P RICES ................................................................................................................................. 175 F INANCIAL SUPPORT INTERVENTIONS .................................................................................. 178

MALTA ................................................................................................................................. 179 P RICES ................................................................................................................................. 179 F INANCIAL SUPPORT INTERVENTIONS .................................................................................. 182

NETHERLANDS ................................................................................................................. 183 P RICES ................................................................................................................................. 183 F INANCIAL SUPPORT INTERVENTIONS .................................................................................. 186

POLAND ............................................................................................................................... 187 P RICES ................................................................................................................................. 187 F INANCIAL SUPPORT INTERVENTIONS .................................................................................. 190

PORTUGAL ......................................................................................................................... 191 P RICES ................................................................................................................................. 191 F INANCIAL SUPPORT INTERVENTIONS .................................................................................. 194

ROMANIA ............................................................................................................................ 195 P RICES ................................................................................................................................. 195 F INANCIAL SUPPORT INTERVENTIONS .................................................................................. 198

SLOVAKIA ........................................................................................................................... 199 P RICES ................................................................................................................................. 199 F INANCIAL SUPPORT INTERVENTIONS .................................................................................. 202

SLOVENIA ........................................................................................................................... 203 P RICES ................................................................................................................................. 203 F INANCIAL SUPPORT INTERVENTIONS .................................................................................. 206

SPAIN .................................................................................................................................... 207 P RICES ................................................................................................................................. 207 F INANCIAL SUPPORT INTERVENTIONS .................................................................................. 210

SWEDEN ............................................................................................................................... 211 P RICES ................................................................................................................................. 211 F INANCIAL SUPPORT INTERVENTIONS .................................................................................. 214

UNITED KINGDOM ........................................................................................................... 215 P RICES ................................................................................................................................. 215 F INANCIAL SUPPORT INTERVENTIONS .................................................................................. 217

NORWAY ............................................................................................................................. 218 P RICES ................................................................................................................................. 218 F INANCIAL SUPPORT INTERVENTIONS .................................................................................. 220

MONTENEGRO .................................................................................................................. 221 P RICES ................................................................................................................................. 221

TURKEY ............................................................................................................................... 223 P RICES ................................................................................................................................. 223

Content

This annex contains country energy prices and costs factsheets of the 28 EU Member States,

Norway, Montenegro and Turkey. Where available, each factsheet displays information about

the level of electricity, gas and oil prices in 2017 as well as about the main components of

such prices, including a detailed breakdown of the taxes and levies charged to gas and

electricity prices. Information about the presence of price regulation and social tariffs in each

country are also included in the price section of the factsheet.

The factsheets also contain an account of the relative importance of energy costs in

production costs for industry and services for the EU Member States over 2008-2016. Finally,

financial support interventions to energy products across countries are also presented with a

breakdown indicating the economic sectors and energy technologies that receive that support.

Details

The purpose of annex 3 is to provide an overview of gas and electricity prices and costs for

each country analysed.

In the first page, electricity and gas prices in 2017 are shown at national level in comparison

with their respective neighbour countries and the EU average. Electricity and Gas prices for

Households are shown first, followed by electricity and gas prices for Industry. Then the

evolution of electricity and gas prices from 2008 to 2017 is presented.

In the second page, the amount of the taxes and levies included in electricity and natural gas

prices across consumption bands in 2017 are listed for each country analysed. The state of play of price regulation is then presented for EU Member States. Some have already

liberalised prices before 2008 and not even social tariffs were identified. For some others, the

factsheet shows the relative importance of price regulation and social tariffs for households for electricity and gas (shares of consumers/consumption under price regulation and social

tariffs).

In the third page, oil prices (in €/litre) are presented, showing the evolution for gasoline,

diesel and heating oil prices at national level from 2008 to the first half of 2018 and compared

to the EU average. VAT and other indirect taxes affecting the country's total prices are also

displayed. Subsequently, energy costs shares in total production value costs for industry and

services from 2008 to 2016 are shown and compared to the EU average.

The last page of each factsheet (usually page 4) includes (where available) the country's

financial support interventions to energy products from 2008 to 2016. First, it shows the

financial support by energy technology (electricity, renewable energy sources, heating and

cooling sector, fossil fuels and all other energies) and then by the economic sectors the

received the support (households, non-households, public, transport, manufacturing, energy

industry, agriculture and cross sectors).

Methodology

In order to understand the price codes used for the graphs in the country sheets, please refer to the table below. Each code corresponds to a specific product (electricity or natural gas), which is related to the household or industry sectors and to a level of annual consumption.

Code Product Type Annual consumption Description

DC Electricity Household 2.5 - 5 MWh median

IB Electricity Industry 20-500 MWh small

ID Electricity Industry 2000-20000 MWh median IF Electricity Industry 70000-150000 MWh large

D2 Natural Gas Household 20-200 GJ median

I3 Natural Gas Industry 10000-100000 GJ median

The "Most representative" band for household consumers is defined as the consumption band accounting for the largest share in total household consumption. It is thus the band with the highest volume of electricity irrespectively of the number of consumers in the band. The most representative bands are shown for the Member States that requested so in the context of the data collection of prices undertaken by the EC for the purposes of this report. For the others only the 'DC band' is shown.

Most representative bands by Member State

Austria

Prices

See footnote 1

Gas prices for Industry (I3) – AT vs EU

D C IB ID IF D 2 I3 I5 Electricity Gas

Household Small Industry M edium Industry Large Industry Household M edium Industry Large Industry See footnote 2

(DD)

1 Neighbour countries and EU 28. No gas household prices available for Greece for 2017.

2 Annual electricity consumption: DB 1 - 2.5 MWh, DC 2.5 - 5 MWh, DD 5 - 15 MWh, DE above 15 MWh, IB 20-500 MWh, ID 2000- 20000 MWh, IF 70000-150000 MWh. Annual Gas consumption: D2 20-200 GJ, I3 10000-100000 GJ, I5 1 mil - 4 mil GJ.

This country liberalised prices before 2008.

No social tariffs identified.

Oil prices

Energy costs shares in total production costs

Notes: Data for Malta (prior to 2016), Poland (prior to 2015), Slovenia (prior to 2012) and Greece (prior to 2008) is not available. Data for Denmark, Sweden and the United Kingdom for 2016 was missing by the time of extraction

Financial support interventions

Belgium

Prices

See footnote 1

Gas prices for Industry (I3) – BE vs EU

D C IB ID IF D 2 I3 I5 Electricity Gas

Household Small Industry M edium Industry Large Industry Household M edium Industry Large Industry

See footnote 2

(DC)

1 Neighbour countries and EU 28. No gas household prices available for Greece for 2017

2 Annual electricity consumption: DB 1 - 2.5 MWh, DC 2.5 - 5 MWh, DD 5 - 15 MWh, DE above 15 MWh, IB 20-500 MWh, ID 2000- 20000 MWh, IF 70000-150000 MWh. Annual Gas consumption: D2 20-200 GJ, I3 10000-100000 GJ, I5 1 mil - 4 mil GJ.

Price regulation

Oil products prices

Energy costs shares in total production costs

Notes: Data for Malta (prior to 2016), Poland (prior to 2015), Slovenia (prior to 2012) and Greece (prior to 2008) is not available. Data for Denmark, Sweden and the United Kingdom for 2016 was missing by the time of extraction

Financial support interventions

Bulgaria

Prices

See footnote 1

Gas prices for Industry (I3) – BG vs EU

D C IB ID IF D 2 I3 I5

Electricity Gas See footnote 2

Household Small Industry M edium Industry Large Industry Household M edium Industry Large Industry

(DD)

1 Neighbour countries and EU 28. No gas household prices available for Greece for 2017.

2 Annual electricity consumption: DB 1 - 2.5 MWh, DC 2.5 - 5 MWh, DD 5 - 15 MWh, DE above 15 MWh, IB 20-500 MWh, ID 2000- 20000 MWh, IF 70000-150000 MWh. Annual Gas consumption: D2 20-200 GJ, I3 10000-100000 GJ, I5 1 mil - 4 mil GJ.

Price regulation was still existent in 2016

Oil products prices

Energy costs shares in total production costs

Notes: Data for Malta (prior to 2016), Poland (prior to 2015), Slovenia (prior to 2012) and Greece (prior to 2008) is not available. Data for Denmark, Sweden and the United Kingdom for 2016 was missing by the time of extraction

Financial support interventions

Financial support by energy/technology (billion euros)

Electricity

1.4

1.2 RES

1.0

ons All energies illi 0.8 ro b 0.6 Nuclear

Eu 0.4

0.2 Heating &

0.0 cooling

2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 Fossil fuels

Financial support by sector (billion euros)

1.4 Non

1.2 households Public

1.0

ons Transports illi 0.8

ro b 0.6 Households

Eu 0.4 Manufacturing

0.2 Energy industry

0.0

2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 Agriculture

Croatia

Prices

See footnote 1

Gas prices for Industry (I3) – HR vs EU

D C IB ID IF D 2 I3 I5

Electricity Gas See footnote 2

Household Small Industry M edium Industry Large Industry Household M edium Industry Large Industry

(DC)

1 Neighbour countries and EU 28. No gas household prices available for Greece for 2017.

2 Annual electricity consumption: DB 1 - 2.5 MWh, DC 2.5 - 5 MWh, DD 5 - 15 MWh, DE above 15 MWh, IB 20-500 MWh, ID 2000- 20000 MWh, IF 70000-150000 MWh. Annual Gas consumption: D2 20-200 GJ, I3 10000-100000 GJ, I5 1 mil - 4 mil GJ.

Price regulation

Oil product prices

Energy costs shares in total production costs

Notes: Data for Malta (prior to 2016), Poland (prior to 2015), Slovenia (prior to 2012) and Greece (prior to 2008) is not available. Data for Denmark, Sweden and the United Kingdom for 2016 was missing by the time of extraction

Financial support interventions

Financial support by energy/technology (billion euros)

0.5 Electricity

0.4 ons

illi 0.3 RES

ro b 0.2

Eu 0.1 All energies

0.0 Nuclear

2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016

Financial support by sector (billion euros)

0.5 Non-households

0.4 Public

ons Transports

illi 0.3 Households

ro b 0.2 Manufacturing

Eu 0.1 Energy industry

0.0 Agriculture

2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 Cross sector

Cyprus

Prices

 See footnote 1

D C IB ID IF D 2 I3 I5 Electricity Gas

Household Small Industry M edium Industry Large Industry Household M edium Industry Large Industry See footnote 2

(DC)

1 Neighbour countries and EU 28. No gas household prices available for Greece for 2017.

2 Annual electricity consumption: DB 1 - 2.5 MWh, DC 2.5 - 5 MWh, DD 5 - 15 MWh, DE above 15 MWh, IB 20-500 MWh, ID 2000- 20000 MWh, IF 70000-150000 MWh. Annual Gas consumption: D2 20-200 GJ, I3 10000-100000 GJ, I5 1 mil - 4 mil GJ.

Price regulation

Oil products prices

Energy costs shares in total production costs

Notes: Data for Malta (prior to 2016), Poland (prior to 2015), Slovenia (prior to 2012) and Greece (prior to 2008) is not available. Data for Denmark, Sweden and the United Kingdom for 2016 was missing by the time of extraction

Financial support interventions

Financial support by energy/technology (billion euros)

0.2

0.2 Electricity

ons RES illi 0.1 All energies

ro b

Eu Nuclear 0.1

Heating & cooling

0.0 Fossil fuels

2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016

Financial support by sector (billion euros)

0.2

Non-households

0.2 Public

ons

illi Transports 0.1

ro b Households

Eu 0.1 Manufacturing

Energy industry

0.0 Agriculture

2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 Cross sector

Czech Republic

Prices

 See footnote 1

Gas prices for Industry (I3) - CZ vs EU

D C IB ID IF D 2 I3 I5

Electricity Gas See footnote 2

Household Small Industry M edium Industry Large Industry Household M edium Industry Large Industry

(DC)

1 Neighbour countries and EU 28. No gas household prices available for Greece for 2017.

2 Annual electricity consumption: DB 1 - 2.5 MWh, DC 2.5 - 5 MWh, DD 5 - 15 MWh, DE above 15 MWh, IB 20-500 MWh, ID 2000- 20000 MWh, IF 70000-150000 MWh. Annual Gas consumption: D2 20-200 GJ, I3 10000-100000 GJ, I5 1 mil - 4 mil GJ.

This country liberalised prices before 2008.

No social tariffs identified.

Oil products prices

Energy costs shares in total production costs

Notes: Data for Malta (prior to 2016), Poland (prior to 2015), Slovenia (prior to 2012) and Greece (prior to 2008) is not available. Data for Denmark, Sweden and the United Kingdom for 2016 was missing by the time of extraction

Financial support interventions

Financial support by energy/technology (billion euros)

3.0

2.5 Electricity

ons 2.0 RES illi 1.5 All energies

ro b

Eu 1.0 Nuclear 0.5

Heating & cooling 0.0

2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 Fossil fuels

Financial support by sector (billion euros)

3.0 Non-households

2.5 Public

ons 2.0 Transports

illi 1.5 Households

ro b

Eu 1.0 Manufacturing

0.5 Energy industry Agriculture

0.0

2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 Cross sector

Denmark

Prices

 See footnote 1

Gas prices for Industry (I3) - DK vs EU

D C IB ID IF D 2 I3 I5 Electricity Gas

Household Small Industry M edium Industry Large Industry Household M edium Industry Large Industry See footnote 2

(DC)

1 Neighbour countries and EU 28. No gas household prices available for Greece for 2017.

2 Annual electricity consumption: DB 1 - 2.5 MWh, DC 2.5 - 5 MWh, DD 5 - 15 MWh, DE above 15 MWh, IB 20-500 MWh, ID 2000- 20000 MWh, IF 70000-150000 MWh. Annual Gas consumption: D2 20-200 GJ, I3 10000-100000 GJ, I5 1 mil - 4 mil GJ.

Price regulation

Oil products prices

Energy costs shares in total production costs

Notes: Data for Malta (prior to 2016), Poland (prior to 2015), Slovenia (prior to 2012) and Greece (prior to 2008) is not available. Data for Denmark, Sweden and the United Kingdom for 2016 was missing by the time of extraction

Financial support interventions

Financial support by energy/technology (billion euros)

3.0

2.5 Electricity

ons 2.0 RES illi 1.5 All energies

ro b

Eu 1.0 Nuclear

0.5 Heating & cooling

0.0 Fossil fuels

2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016

Financial support by sector (billion euros)

3.0 Non-households

2.5 Public

ons 2.0 Transports

illi 1.5 Households

ro b

Eu 1.0 Manufacturing

0.5 Energy industry Agriculture

0.0

2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 Cross sector

Estonia

Prices

 See footnote 1

Gas prices for Industry (I3) – EE vs EU

D C IB ID IF D 2 I3 I5 See footnote

2

Electricity Gas Household Small Industry M edium Industry Large Industry Household M edium Industry Large Industry

(DD)

1 Neighbour countries and EU 28. No gas household prices available for Greece for 2017.

2 Annual electricity consumption: DB 1 - 2.5 MWh, DC 2.5 - 5 MWh, DD 5 - 15 MWh, DE above 15 MWh, IB 20-500 MWh, ID 2000- 20000 MWh, IF 70000-150000 MWh. Annual Gas consumption: D2 20-200 GJ, I3 10000-100000 GJ, I5 1 mil - 4 mil GJ.

Price regulation

Oil prices

Energy costs shares in total production costs

Notes: Data for Malta (prior to 2016), Poland (prior to 2015), Slovenia (prior to 2012) and Greece (prior to 2008) is not available. Data for Denmark, Sweden and the United Kingdom for 2016 was missing by the time of extraction

Financial support interventions

Financial support by energy/technology (billion euros)

0.5

0.4 Electricity

ons 0.3 RES

illi All energies ro b 0.2

Eu Nuclear 0.1

Heating & cooling

0.0 Fossil fuels

2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016

Financial support by sector (billion euros)

0.5 Non-households

0.4 Public

ons Transports

illi 0.3 Households

ro b 0.2

Eu Manufacturing

0.1 Energy industry

Agriculture

0.0 Cross sector

2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016

Finland

Prices

See footnote 1

Gas prices for Industry (I3) – FI vs EU

D C IB ID IF D 2 I3 I5 Electricity Gas

Household Small Industry M edium Industry Large Industry Household M edium Industry Large Industry

See footnote 2

(DC)

1 Neighbour countries and EU 28. No gas household prices available for Greece for 2017.

2 Annual electricity consumption: DB 1 - 2.5 MWh, DC 2.5 - 5 MWh, DD 5 - 15 MWh, DE above 15 MWh, IB 20-500 MWh, ID 2000- 20000 MWh, IF 70000-150000 MWh. Annual Gas consumption: D2 20-200 GJ, I3 10000-100000 GJ, I5 1 mil - 4 mil GJ.

2017 Natural gas prices in Finland

This country liberalised prices before 2008.

No social tariffs identified .

Oil products prices

Energy costs shares in total production costs

Notes: Data for Malta (prior to 2016), Poland (prior to 2015), Slovenia (prior to 2012) and Greece (prior to 2008) is not available. Data for Denmark, Sweden and the United Kingdom for 2016 was missing by the time of extraction

Financial support interventions

Financial support by energy/technology (billion euros)

2.5 Electricity

2.0

ons RES

illi 1.5 All energies

ro b 1.0

Eu Nuclear 0.5 0.0 Heating & cooling

2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 Fossil fuels

Financial support by sector (billion euros)

2.5 Non-households

2.0 Public

ons Transports

illi 1.5 Households

ro b 1.0

Eu Manufacturing

0.5 Energy industry

Agriculture 0.0

2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 Cross sector