Implementing decision 2020/1353 - Granting of temporary support to Poland to mitigate unemployment risks following the COVID-19 outbreak - Main contents

EN

Official Journal of the European Union

L 314/45

On 6 August 2020, Poland requested financial assistance from the Union with a view to complementing its national efforts to address the impact of the COVID-19 outbreak and respond to the socioeconomic consequences of the outbreak for workers and the self-employed.

The COVID-19 outbreak and the extraordinary measures implemented by Poland to contain the outbreak and its socioeconomic and health-related impact are expected to have a dramatic impact on public finances. According to the Commission’s 2020 Spring forecast, Poland was expected to have a general government deficit and debt of 9,5 % and 58,5 % of gross domestic product (GDP) respectively by the end of 2020. According to the Commission’s 2020 Summer interim forecast, Poland’s GDP is projected to decrease by 4,6 % in 2020.

The COVID-19 outbreak has immobilised a substantial part of the labour force in Poland. This has led to a sudden and severe increase in public expenditure in Poland in respect of a reduction in social security contributions for the self-employed, all social cooperatives (regardless of the number of employees) and companies employing up to 50 people, a downtime benefit for the self-employed and those working on civil law contracts, subsidies towards salaries and social security contributions, subsidies to the self-employed without employees and loans convertible into subsidies granted to the self-employed, micro-companies and non-government organisations, as set out in recitals (4) to (8).

More specifically, the ‘Act of 2 March 2020 on specific solutions related to the prevention, counteraction and eradication of COVID-19, other infectious diseases and crisis situations caused by them’ (2), which is referred to in Poland’s request of 6 August 2020, introduced a temporary reduction in social security contributions for the self-employed, all social cooperatives (regardless of the number of employees) and companies employing up to 50 people to protect workplaces in response to the COVID-19 outbreak. The reduction applied for the period between March and May 2020. Those employing up to 10 people and, in most cases, self-employed persons, and all social cooperatives (regardless of the number of employees), could benefit from a full reduction, while for the entities employing between 10 and 50 people, the reduction amounted to 50 %. The temporary reduction in social security contributions can be considered to be a similar measure to short-time work schemes, as referred to in Regulation (EU) 2020/672, as it aims at protecting the self-employed from a reduction in or loss of income and, in the case of companies employing up to 50 people and all social cooperatives, it supports those employed by the companies provided that they remain employed until the end of the measure. The temporary reduction in social security contributions results in foregone revenues for the Government, which for the purpose of the implementation of Regulation 2020/672 can be considered equivalent to public expenditure.

Furthermore, the authorities have introduced a downtime benefit for the self-employed and those working under civil law contracts who have experienced a reduction in revenue due to the crisis. The measure consists of a lump sum benefit for the self-employed (50 % or 80 % of the minimum wage – depending on the decrease in revenue) and those working under non-standard labour contracts (up to 80 % of the minimum wage) to compensate them for a fall in revenue.

Subsidies towards salaries and social security contributions have been introduced, conditional on a decrease in turnover due to the crisis. Independently of their size, undertakings can ask for temporary co-financing of their costs for salaries and social security contributions. The subsidies towards salaries and social security contributions can be considered to be a similar measure to short-time work schemes, as referred to in Regulation (EU) 2020/672, as concerns expenditure incurred by companies and other entities that use short-time work or voluntarily reduce working time, or, when the employees were continuously in employment until the latest available outturn data, as it requires that companies maintain employment, either during the period of reduced working time or up until the latest available outturn data.

Subsidies to the self-employed without employees have been introduced by the authorities. The subsidies provide temporary co-financing of a part of the costs of running a business incurred by natural persons without employees. The amount depends on the decrease in turnover and amounts to between 50 % and 90 % of the minimum salary.

Finally, the authorities have introduced a measure that provides loans that are convertible into grants to the self-employed, micro-companies and non-governmental organisations. The measure provides micro-loans of up to PLN 5 000. The loans may be converted into grants if the beneficiary continues operations for three months after the loan is paid. In order to meet the requirement of being public expenditure, only expenditure relating to loans being converted into grants should be supported under Regulation (EU) 2020/672.

Poland fulfils the conditions for requesting financial assistance set out in Article 3 of Regulation (EU) 2020/672. Poland has provided the Commission with appropriate evidence that the actual and planned public expenditure has increased by EUR 11 668 118 894 as of 1 February 2020 due to the national measures taken to address the socioeconomic effects of the COVID-19 outbreak. This constitutes a sudden and severe increase because it is related to both new measures and an extension of existing measures covering a significant proportion of undertakings and of the labour force in Poland.

The Commission has consulted Poland and verified the sudden and severe increase in the actual and planned public expenditure directly related to short-time work schemes and similar measures, in accordance with Article 6 of Regulation (EU) 2020/672.

Financial assistance should therefore be provided with a view to helping Poland to address the socioeconomic effects of the severe economic disturbance caused by the COVID-19 outbreak. The Commission should take the decisions concerning maturities, size and release of instalments and tranches in close cooperation with national authorities.

This Decision should be without prejudice to the outcome of any procedures relating to distortions of the operation of the internal market that may be undertaken, in particular under Articles 107 and 108 of the Treaty. It does not override the requirement for Member States to notify instances of potential State aid to the Commission under Article 108 of the Treaty.

Poland should inform the Commission on a regular basis of the implementation of the planned public expenditure, in order to enable the Commission to assess the extent to which Poland has implemented that expenditure.

The decision to provide financial assistance has been reached taking into account existing and expected needs of Poland, as well as requests for financial assistance pursuant to Regulation (EU) 2020/672 already submitted or planned to be submitted by other Member States, while applying the principles of equal treatment, solidarity, proportionality and transparency. In particular, the amount of the loan has been established to ensure compliance with the prudential rules applicable to the portfolio of loans as specified in Regulation (EU) 2020/672,

a reduction in social security contributions, as provided for in Art. 31zo of the ‘Act of 2 March 2020 on specific solutions related to the prevention, counteraction and eradication of COVID-19, other infectious diseases and crisis situations caused by them’, for the part of expenditure related to the support of self-employed persons, all social cooperatives (regardless of the number of employees) and, for companies employing up to 50 people, the part of expenditure in respect of employees who were continuously in employment;

a downtime benefit for self-employed persons and those working under civil law contracts, as provided for in Art. 15zq and 15zua of the ‘Act of 2 March 2020 on specific solutions related to the prevention, counteraction and eradication of COVID-19, other infectious diseases and crisis situations caused by them’;

subsidies towards salaries and social security contributions of companies and other entities that use short-time work or voluntarily reduce working time or when the employees were continuously in employment, as provided for in Art. 15g, 15ga, 15gg, 15zzb, 15zze, 15zze2 of the ‘Act of 2 March 2020 on specific solutions related to the prevention, counteraction and eradication of COVID-19, other infectious diseases and crisis situations caused by them’;

subsidies to self-employed persons without employees as provided for in Art. 15zzc of the ‘Act of 2 March 2020 on specific solutions related to the prevention, counteraction and eradication of COVID-19, other infectious diseases and crisis situations caused by them’;

loans convertible into subsidies granted to self-employed persons, micro-companies and non-government organisations, for the amount actually converted into grants, as provided for in Art. 15zzd and Art. 15zzda of the ‘Act of 2 March 2020 on specific solutions related to the prevention, counteraction and eradication of COVID-19, other infectious diseases and crisis situations caused by them’.