Annexes to COM(2007)703 - Delivering lifelong learning for knowledge, creativity and innovation Draft 2008 joint progress report of the Council and the Commission on the implementation of the “Education and Training 2010 work programme”

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dossier COM(2007)703 - Delivering lifelong learning for knowledge, creativity and innovation Draft 2008 joint progress report of the Council and ...
document COM(2007)703 EN
date November 12, 2007
ANNEX 1

Countries' situation in relation to adoption of explicit lifelong learning strategy, qualifications framework, validation of non-formal/informal learning and national targets in benchmark areas Y = Country has strategy, framework, validation system or national targets in place D = Country is developing strategy, framework, or validation system N = Country does not have framework, validation system or national targets P = Country has LLL policies in place but no explicit strategy |

Countries | Explicit National Lifelong Learning Strategies | National Qualification Frameworks | System for validation of non-formal and informal learning | National targets set in all or some EU benchmark areas |

AT | Y | D | D | N |

Be fr | Y | D | D | Y |

Be nl | Y | D | Y | Y |

BG | D | D | N | N |

CY | D | N | N | N |

CZ | Y | D | D | N |

DE | Y | D | N | N |

DK | Y | D | Y | Y |

EE | Y | D | N | Y |

EL | Y | N | N | Y |

ES | Y | D | D | Y |

FI | Y | D | Y | Y |

FR | P | Y | Y | Y |

HR | Y | D | N | Y |

HU | Y | D | N | Y |

IE | D | Y | Y | Y |

IS | P | N | D | N |

IT | P | D | D | N |

LI | P | N | N | N |

LT | Y | D | D | Y |

LU | P | D | D | N |

LV | Y | D | N | Y |

MT | D | Y | N | Y |

NL | P | D | Y | Y |

NO | Y | N | Y | N |

PL | D | N | D | Y |

PT | P | D | Y | Y |

RO | D | N | D | Y |

SE | Y | N | D | N |

SI | D | D | Y | Y |

SK | Y | D | D | Y |

TR | D | D | N | N |

UK | Y | Y | D | Y |

ANNEX 2

(STATISTICAL ANNEX)

PROGRESS AGAINST THE FIVE REFERENCE LEVELS OF AVERAGE EUROPEAN PERFORMANCE ( BENCHMARKS ) AND OTHER KEY INDICATORS IN EDUCATION AND TRAINING

Based on Commission Staff Working Document

Progress towards the Lisbon Objectives in Education and Training – Indicators and Benchmarks SEC (2007) 1284

Country Codes

EU | European Union | PT | Portugal |

BE | Belgium | RO | Romania |

BG | Bulgaria | SI | Slovenia |

CZ | Czech Republic | SK | Slovakia |

DK | Denmark | FI | Finland |

DE | Germany | SE | Sweden |

EE | Estonia | UK | United Kingdom |

EL | Greece |

ES | Spain | EEA | European Economic Area |

FR | France | IS | Iceland |

IE | Ireland | LI | Liechtenstein |

IT | Italy | NO | Norway |

CY | Cyprus |

LV | Latvia | Candidate Countries |

LT | Lithuania | HR | Croatia |

LU | Luxembourg | TR | Turkey |

HU | Hungary |

MT | Malta | Others |

NL | Netherlands | JP | Japan |

AT | Austria | US/USA | United States of America |

PL | Poland |

OVERVIEW ON PROGRESS IN THE FIVE BENCHMARK AREAS

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Key results:

* As regards the number of maths, science and technology (MST) graduates the benchmark will be over-achieved; the progress required has already been made in 2000-2003.

* There is some progress in lifelong learning participation. However, much of it is a result of changes in survey methodology in several Member States, which led to higher nominal participation rates and thus overstate overall progress.

* There is constant improvement as regards early school leavers, but faster progress is needed in order to achieve the benchmark.

* As regards upper secondary completion there has been only little progress.

* Results for low achievers in reading have not improved (but this is based only on two reference years).

Methodological remarks : The starting point in the year 2000 is set in the graph as zero and the 2010 benchmark as 100. The results achieved in each year are thus measured against the 2010 benchmark. A diagonal line shows the progress required, i.e. each year an additional 10% of progress would have to be achieved to reach the benchmark. If a line stays below this diagonal line, progress is not sufficient. As regards participation in lifelong learning, there have been many breaks in time series: some countries have revised their data collection methods between 2002 and 2003. The application of the new methods led to higher results from 2003, and thus progress is overstated between 2002 and 2003. The line 2002-2003 on lifelong learning participation is therefore dotted. For low achievers in reading (data from PISA survey) there are only results for 16 EU countries and for two years. Data from the 2006 PISA survey will become available in December 2007.

OVERVIEW ON PROGRESS IN THE FIVE BENCHMARK AREAS

Overview on the 3 school level benchmarks

Situation (latest year available) and progress achieved since 2000 | Low achievers in reading (15 years old, %) | Early school leavers (18-24, %) | Upper secondary attainment (20-24, %) |

Reference year | 2003 | 2006 | 2006 |

EU average | 19.8 | 15.3 | 77.8 |

Belgium | ++ | 0 | 0 |

Bulgaria | nd | + | ++ |

Czech Republic | - | 0 | 0 |

Denmark | ++ | + | ++ |

Germany | ++ | + | - |

Estonia | nd | + | ++ |

Ireland | 0 | ++ | ++ |

Greece | - | + | ++ |

Spain | - | - | - |

France | - | + | 0 |

Italy | - | ++ | ++ |

Cyprus | nd | ++ | ++ |

Latvia | ++ | + | ++ |

Lithuania | nd | ++ | ++ |

Luxembourg | (++) | - | - |

Hungary | ++ | + | 0 |

Malta | nd | ++ | ++ |

Netherlands | (-) | ++ | ++ |

Austria | - | + | 0 |

Poland | ++ | + | ++ |

Portugal | ++ | + | ++ |

Romania | nd | ++ | + |

Slovenia | nd | (++) | ++ |

Slovakia | - | - |

Finland | ++ | + | - |

Sweden | - | - | + |

United Kingdom | nd | ++ | + |

Croatia | nd | ++ | ++ |

Turkey | ++ | ++ |

Iceland | - | + | ++ |

Norway | - | ++ | - |

Performance today (latest data) Dark/green Above EU average Light/pink Below EU average white No data Compared to 2000 ++ improving more than EU average + improving, but less than EU average 0 less than 1% change - getting worse () results not comparable or unreliable nd No data |

KEY COMPETENCES

Percentage of pupils with reading literacy proficiency level one and lower

(on the PISA reading literacy scale) 2000-2003

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% with low reading skills | All | Girls | Boys |

In 2000 the share of low performing 15-year olds in reading was 19.4% (data available for 16 Member States only). According to the benchmark this proportion should decrease by one fifth by 2010 (and thus reach 15.5%). While the share has decreased in some Member States (notably Latvia and Poland), no progress on this objective has been achieved at EU level since 2000 (2003: 19.8%). However, there are currently only two data points and the latest data refer to 2003 (data from the 2006 PISA survey round will become available in December 2007).

Additional notes:

EU figure: weighted average based on number of pupils enrolled and data for 16 countries (NL and LU not representative in 2000, hence their results have been put in brackets, UK not representative in 2003; SK did not participate in 2000).

EARLY SCHOOL LEAVERS

Share of the population aged 18-24 with only lower-secondary education

and not in education or training, 2000-2006

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Early school leavers, % | All | Females | Males |

In 2006 early school leavers in the EU 27 represented about 15% of young people aged 18-24. There has been continuous improvement in recent years in reducing the share, but progress will need to be faster to reach the EU benchmark of 10% in 2010.

However, several Member States, notably the Nordic countries and many of the new Member States, already have shares of less than 10%.

Additional notes :

BG, PL, SI: 2001 instead of 2000 results,

CZ, IE, LV, SK, HR 2002 instead of 2000 results

EE: 2005 instead of 2006 results for females

COMPLETION OF UPPER SECONDARY EDUCATION BY YOUNG PEOPLE

Percentage of the population aged 20-24 having completed

at least upper-secondary education, 2000-2006

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Upper secondary att. | All | Females | Males |

The share of young people (aged 20-24) who have completed upper-secondary education has only slightly improved since 2000. There was thus little progress in achieving the benchmark of raising this share to at least 85% by 2010. However, some countries with a relatively low share, notably Portugal and Malta, have made considerable progress in the recent past. It should also be noted that many of the new Member States already perform above the benchmark set for 2010 and that four of them, the Czech Republic, Poland, Slovenia and Slovakia, and in addition Norway and Croatia, already have shares of 90% and above.

Additional notes :

CY: Pupils usually living in the country but studying abroad are not yet covered by the survey. Hence results for CY are understated.

Since the 5 December 2005 release, Eurostat has been applying a refined definition of the “upper secondary” educational attainment level in order to improve the comparability of results in the EU. For the 1998 data onwards ISCED level 3c programmes shorter than two years no longer fall under the “upper secondary” level but come under “lower secondary”. This change implies revision of the results in DK (from 2001), ES, CY and IS. However, the definition cannot yet be implemented in EL, IE and AT, where all ISCED 3c levels are still included.

GRADUATES IN MATHEMATICS, SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY (MST)

Growth of tertiary graduates from mathematics, science and technology fields in %,

Average annual growth rate 2000-2005

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Graduates per 1000 aged 20-29 | Average Growth per year | Share of female graduates, % |

The number of mathematics, science and technology (MST) graduates in EU 27 has increased since 2000 by over 170,000 or by more about 25%. The EU has thus already achieved the benchmark of increasing the number of MST graduates by 15% by 2010. More limited progress has been achieved as regards the second goal of reducing the gender imbalance. The share of female MST graduates has increased from 30.8% in 2000 to 31.2% in 2005. While Slovakia, Portugal and Poland showed the strongest annual growth in the number of MST graduates (> 12%), Bulgaria, Estonia, Greece and Romania perform best as regards gender balance.

Additional notes :

For countries with breaks in series growth rates were calculated for years without breaks. PL: Growth based on 2001-2005, RO: growth based on 2000-2002 and 2003-2005. HR: growth 2003-2005, SE: growth 2000-2003, HU: growth 2000-2003

BE: Data for the Flemish community exclude second qualifications in non-university tertiary education; the data also exclude independent private institutions (although the number is small) and the German-speaking community.

EE: 2000 data exclude Master’s degrees (ISCED level 5A).

IT: 2005 result estimated by the Commission.

CY: Data exclude tertiary students graduating abroad. Over half of the total number of Cypriot tertiary students study abroad. The fields of study available in Cyprus are limited.

LU: Luxembourg has no complete university system, most MST students study and graduate abroad.

AT: 2000: ISCED level 5B refers to the previous year. HU: 2004: Changes in data collection on graduates by fields led to breaks in the time series.

PL: Data for 2000 exclude advanced research programmes (ISCED level 6).

RO: 2000-2002 data exclude second qualifications and advanced research programmes (ISCED level 6). There is therefore a break in the series in 2003

SE: 2004: Changes in data collection on graduates by fields led to breaks in the time series.

UK: National data used for 2000.

LI: 2003-2004 data exclude tertiary students graduating abroad.

PARTICIPATION IN LIFELONG LEARNING

Percentage of population aged 25-64 participating in education and training

in the four weeks prior to the survey, 2000-2006

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LLL participation, % Source: Eurostat | All | Females | Males |

The percentage of the working age population who participated in education and training (in the 4 weeks prior to the survey) amounted to 9.6 % in 2006. Since breaks in time series overstate progress, the real increase was limited. Additional efforts are needed to reach the benchmark of a 12.5% participation rate in 20101.The Nordic countries, the UK, Slovenia and the Netherlands currently show the highest participation rates.

1Data used for assessing the benchmark refer to a 4-week period of participation (LFS 2004). If a longer period were used, rates would be higher. Eurostat data from the LFS ad hoc module on lifelong learning carried out in 2003 (referring to a 12-month period) show a participation rate of 42% (4.4% in formal education; 16.5% in non-formal learning and nearly one European out of three declared having taken some form of informal learning).

Additional notes :

Due to introduction of harmonised concepts and definitions in the survey, breaks in time series were noted in several countries for different years (between 2000 and 2006)

BG, PL, SI: 2001 instead of 2000

CZ, IE, LV, SK, HR: 2002 instead of 2000

SE, HR, IS: 2005 instead of 2006

PARTICIPATION IN PRE-PRIMARY EDUCATION

Participation rates of 4-year-olds in education, 2000-2005

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Participation in % of 4 y olds | 2000 | 2004 | 2005 |

EU-27 | 82.8 | 84.6 | 85.7 |

Belgium | 99.2 | 99.9 | 100 |

Bulgaria | 67.0 | 72.6 | 73.2 |

Czech Republic | 81.0 | 91.2 | 91.4 |

Denmark | 90.6 | 93.4 | 93.5 |

Germany | 81.4 | 84.3 | 84.6 |

Estonia | 78.2 | 83.9 | 84.2 |

Ireland | 51.1 | 46.6 | 45.4 |

Greece | 53.9 | 57.2 | 57.8 |

Spain | 99.0 | 100 | 99.3 |

France | 100 | 100 | 100 |

Italy | 100 | 100 | 100 |

Cyprus | 55.7 | 61.2 | 61.4 |

Latvia | 60.6 | 69.1 | 72.2 |

Lithuania | 51.0 | 54.5 | 56.8 |

Luxembourg | 94.9 | 83.5 | 96.3 |

Hungary | 89.5 | 92.3 | 90.7 |

Malta | 100 | 97.5 | 94.4 |

Netherlands | 99.5 | 74.0 | 73.4 |

Austria | 79.5 | 82.1 | 82.5 |

Poland | 33.3 | 35.7 | 38.1 |

Portugal | 72.3 | 79.9 | 84.0 |

Romania | 60.3 | 75.2 | 76.2 |

Slovenia | 67.7 | 77.8 | 75.9 |

Slovakia | : | 71.7 | 74.0 |

Finland | 41.9 | 46.1 | 46.7 |

Sweden | 72.8 | 87.7 | 88.9 |

United Kingdom | 100 | 92.9 | 91.8 |

Croatia | : | 42.4 | 44.7 |

Turkey | : | 3.4 | 5.0 |

Iceland | 90.9 | 95.1 | 95.3 |

Liechtenstein | : | 52.2 | 50.6 |

Norway | 78.1 | 86.9 | 88.9 |

Japan | 94.9 | 95.2 | 94.7 |

USA | 61.7 | 64.1 | 65.3 |

Source: Eurostat (UOE) |

Between 2000 and 2005 participation of 4 year olds in education (mostly in pre-primary, in some countries already in primary) increased in EU 27 by about 3 percentage points to reach over 85 %. In 2005 in France, Belgium, Italy and Spain nearly all 4-year olds (over 99%) participated in education, while participation rates were below 50% in Ireland, Poland and Finland.

Additional notes:

Data include participation in both pre-primary and primary education.

BE: Data exclude independent private institutions, but these are attended by only a very limited number of children. Data from the German-speaking community are missing.

IE: There is no official provision of ISCED level 0 education. Many children attend some form of ISCED level 0 education, but for the most part data are missing.

NL: In 2002 the reference date for collecting these data was changed from 31 December to 1 October.

EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT OF THE ADULT POPULATION

Adult population ( 25- to 64-year-olds ) with tertiary attainment

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% of adults (25-64) with tertiary attainment |

2000 | 2006 |

EU-27 | 19.4 | 22.9 |

Belgium | 27.1 | 31.8 |

Bulgaria | 18.4 | 21.9 |

Czech Rep | 11.5 | 13.5 |

Denmark | 25.8 | 34.7 |

Germany | 23.8 | 23.9 |

Estonia | 28.9 | 33.3 |

Ireland | 21.6 | 30.8 |

Greece | 16.9 | 21.5 |

Spain | 22.5 | 29.9 |

France | 21.6 | 25.5p |

Italy | 9.6 | 12.9 |

Cyprus | 25.1 | 30.5 |

Latvia | 18.0 | 21.1 |

Lithuania | 22.4 | 26.8 |

Luxembourg | 18.3 | 24.0 |

Hungary | 14.0 | 17.7 |

Malta | 5.4 | 12.0 |

Netherlands | 24.1 | 39.5 |

Austria | 14.2 | 17.6 |

Poland | 11.4 | 17.9 |

Portugal | 9.0 | 13.5 |

Romania | 9.2 | 11.7 |

Slovenia | 15.7 | 21.4 |

Slovakia | 10.2 | 14.5 |

Finland | 32.6 | 35.1 |

Sweden | 29.7 | 30.5 |

UK | 28.1 | 30.7 |

Croatia | 15.4 | 16.3 |

Iceland | 23.7 | 29.5 |

Norway | 31.6 | 33.6 |

Source: Eurostat (LFS) |

In 2006 23% of the working age population of the EU had attained tertiary education, an increase of more than 3 percentage point compared to 2000. Finland, Denmark and Estonia were the countries with the highest share of population with tertiary attainment, while some Member States still had shares of less than 15%. However, in some of these countries tertiary enrolment has expanded considerably in the recent past.

Additional notes

Tertiary includes ISCED levels 5 and 6.

LT: 2001 results instead of 2000

HR: 2002 results instead of 2000

INVESTMENT IN HUMAN RESOURCES

Total public expenditure on education as a percentage of GDP, 2000-2004

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Education spen-ding, % of GDP | Public | Private |

Between 2000 and 2003, public spending on education as a percentage of GDP increased considerably in EU Member States. However, in 2004, the upward trend stopped and there was a slight decline compared to the year before. However, as a result of GDP growth in absolute terms public education spending still increased. The available data show strong differences in spending levels between countries.

Additional notes:

Data covers formal education including formal adult education

'Private' refers to expenditure on educational institutions from private sources

DK: Expenditure on post-secondary non-tertiary levels of education not available.

EL, LU, PT: Imputed retirement expenditure not available.

CY: Including financial aid to students studying abroad.

PL, SK, NO: Including child care expenditure at pre-primary level.

FR: Without French Overseas Departments.

HR: Expenditure on educational institutions from public sources.

LU: Expenditure at tertiary level not included.

PT: Expenditure at local level of government not included.

UK, JP, US: Adjustment of GDP to the financial year, which differs from the calendar year.

TR, IS: Expenditure at pre-primary level not included.

TR: Expenditure at regional and local levels of government not included.

US: Expenditure on educational institutions from public sources

[1]Commission Communication "Towards Common Principles of Flexicurity: more and better jobs trough

flexibility and security." COM (2007) 359.

[2]The report is based primarily on an analysis of national reports and of performance against a set of indicators

and benchmarks. See Annex 2 and SEC (2007) 1284 "Progress towards the Lisbon objectives in education and

training. Indicators and benchmarks 2007." It also draws on the results of the open method of coordination in the

area of education and training, notably the use of EU reference tools, and peer learning supporting Member State

reforms and on similar exchanges undertaken as part of the Copenhagen and Bologna processes. For the 1st Joint

Report see Council doc. 6905/04 EDUC 43; for the 2nd OJ C 79 of 1.4.2006, p.1.

[3] Commission Communication "Efficiency and Equity in European education and training system" COM (2006)

481.

[4] The Council agreed that Member States should have coherent and comprehensive lifelong learning strategies in

place by 2006 (Council resolution on lifelong learning of June 2002, 2004 Joint Report and 2005 Spring

European Council).

[5] See Annex 1.

[6] BE nl, DE, EE, EL, HU, UK. BG, CY, ES, IE, TR present it as a condition for their strategies. See also

SEC (2007) 1098 "Towards more knowledge-based policy and practice in education and training".

[7] COM (2006) 479.

[8] See Annex 1.

[9] See Annex 1.

[10] DE, DK.

[11] CZ.

[12] CY, DK, EL, PL.

[13] ES, LT, HR, NO.

[14] AT, BE nl, CY, DE, DK, EL, ES, HU, MT, NL, PL, SE, SK, UK, HR, IS, NO.

[15] See Annex 2.

[16] CY.

[17] BG, LU, SE, TR.

[18] See Annex 2.

[19] See Annex 1.

[20] Commission Communication "Promoting young people's full participation in education, employment and

society" COM (2007) 498.

[21] See Annex 2.

[22] SEC (2007) 1284, p. 50, 75.

[23] Commission Communication "Improving the Quality of Teacher Education", COM (2007) 392.

[24] COM (2006) 604 final/2.

[25] ES, SE, SI, SK, TR.

[26] AT, FR, HU, IE, LU, LV, UK.

[27] AT, DE, IE, NL, SI, UK, HR.

[28] SEC (2007) 1284, p. 67.

[29] Progress was broadly on track, however, only as a result of breaks in series in several countries, which

overstated progress. See Annex 2.

[30] SEC (2007) 1284, p. 81.

[31] Conclusions of the Council on the future priorities for enhanced European cooperation on Vocational

Education and Training. Council document 14474/06 of 30 October 2006.

[32] AT, DE, DK, FI, IE, SE, NO.

[33] BG, CZ, ES, LU, MT, SI.

[34] Decision No 2241/2004/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 15 December 2004, OJ L 390 of

31.12.2004, p.6.

[35] See SEC (2007) 1098.

[36] COM (2006) 481, p. 5.

[37] SEC (2007) 1284, p. 51.

[38] Commission Communication "Improving the Quality of Teacher Education", COM (2007) 392.

[39] SEC (2007) 1009 "Schools for the 21st century".