The Stability and Growth Pact (SGP) aims at securing budgetary discipline across the Union and sets out the framework for preventing and correcting excessive government deficits. It is based on the objective of sound government finances as a means of strengthening the conditions for price stability and for strong sustainable growth underpinned by financial stability, thereby supporting the achievement of the Union's objectives for sustainable growth and jobs.
(2)
Regulation (EU) No 473/2013 sets out provisions for enhanced monitoring of budgetary policies in the euro area and for ensuring that national budgets are consistent with the economic policy guidance issued in the context of the SGP and the European Semester. Since purely budgetary measures might be insufficient to ensure a lasting correction of the excessive deficit, additional policy measures and structural reforms may be required.
(3)
Article 9 of Regulation (EU) No 473/2013 sets out the detailed arrangements for economic partnership programmes, to be submitted by Member States whose currency is the euro under an excessive deficit procedure. Setting out a roadmap of measures to contribute to an effective and lasting correction of the excessive deficit, the economic partnership programme should specify the main fiscal-structural reforms, in particular those referring to taxation, pension and health systems and budgetary frameworks.
(4)
On 21 June 2013, the Council adopted Decision 2013/319/EU (2) whereby Malta was the subject of an excessive deficit procedure. In this context, Malta was requested to present an economic partnership programme by 1 October 2013.
(5)
On 1 October 2013, and within the time frame established by Regulation (EU) No 473/2013, Malta presented to the Commission and to the Council its Economic Partnership Programme, setting out structural reforms that aim at strengthening public finances and, more broadly, complying with the 2013 country-specific recommendations (CSRs) addressed to Malta by the Council Recommendation of 9 July 2013 (3) (‘Council Recommendation of 9 July 2013’): (i) ensuring public finance sustainability (CSR 1, 2 and 4); (ii) enhancing the efficiency of the public administration (CSR 2 and 5); (iii) raising potential output, while enhancing competitiveness and promoting a diversified and balanced economy (CSR 2, 3 and 4); and (iv) safeguarding financial stability (CSR 5).
(6)
The fiscal-structural measures that Malta plans to implement are the following: (i) reform of the fiscal framework; (ii) a spending review at ministry level; (iii) taking the pension reform further by introducing a third pension pillar; (iv) measures to improve the provision of services in the health sector; (v) restructuring of State-owned enterprises; (vi) increasing the efficiency of the public administration; and (vii) gradually shifting the burden of taxation from direct to indirect taxes. The set of measures is broadly adequate and could be expected to contribute to the strengthening of the public finances. Nevertheless, further efforts in some areas, such as ensuring the long-term sustainability of public finances, appear necessary.
(7)
The reform of the fiscal framework is adequate and can be expected to strengthen fiscal governance and to help contain fiscal slippages. The appointment of an independent fiscal council can be expected to contribute to an enhanced monitoring and planning of Malta's public finances. That reform, however, has not yet been adopted by the Parliament.
(8)
The ongoing spending review that aims to identify expenditure savings and improve the efficiency of public spending can result, on the one hand, in lower growth in expenditure and, on the other, in more growth-friendly public spending.
(9)
The introduction of a third pension pillar could improve the adequacy of the pension system, but it would not contribute towards improving its sustainability. None of the other relevant measures recommended to Malta under CSR 2, namely accelerating the increase of the statutory retirement age and increasing the effective retirement age, appear to be under consideration.
(10)
The planned measures to improve the provision of services in the health sector can be expected to improve the efficiency and adequacy of the system. Still, at the same time it can contribute to higher demand and take-up of government-funded healthcare services. In the absence of more detailed information on the measures, it is not possible to determine to what extent the reform can lower the pressure on public expenditure in the long term.
(11)
Restructuring State-owned enterprises, such as the national airline Air Malta and the energy company Enemalta, could improve their financial performance and in turn reduce the contingent liabilities on the government finances. Policy efforts in the energy sector are particularly notable, where the main energy provider Enemalta holds government-guaranteed debt of around 10 % of GDP. In addition, this can be expected to reduce the need for government subsidies in the future.
(12)
The authorities present a mix of ongoing and new measures that can be expected to raise the capacity of the public administration to enforce tax compliance and to reduce tax evasion. In addition, the Economic Partnership Programme contains measures that would reduce the length and increase the efficiency of public procurement procedures.
(13)
The indicated gradual shift from direct to indirect taxation could encourage job creation and improve the growth-friendliness of the tax system. However, the shift is described in very broad terms without providing details. In addition, plans to reduce the debt bias in corporate taxation are still missing.
(14)
The Economic Partnership Programme also contains a variety of non-fiscal structural measures that broadly aim at complying with the 2013 country-specific recommendations. The policy plans include comprehensive reforms of the judicial system and the diversification of energy sources. Those measures appear to be in the right direction and can be expected to contribute to the creation of growth and jobs in Malta, while also safeguarding financial stability. Nevertheless, in general, they are still work in progress, while the information provided is often limited. Therefore, further analysis of the impact of the policy plans and their contribution to addressing the challenges identified in the 2013 CSRs will be needed once the policy plans become more concrete and their implementation advances,
