Explanatory Memorandum to COM(2019)410 - EU position on extension of a WTO waiver permitting developing country Members to provide preferential tariff treatment to products of least developed countries - Main contents
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This page contains a limited version of this dossier in the EU Monitor.
| dossier | COM(2019)410 - EU position on extension of a WTO waiver permitting developing country Members to provide preferential tariff treatment to ... |
|---|---|
| source | COM(2019)410  |
| date | 11-09-2019 |
1. Subject matter of the proposal
This proposal concerns the decision establishing the position to be taken on the Union's behalf in the General Council of the World Trade Organization (‘WTO’) in connection with the envisaged adoption of a decision to extend a WTO waiver permitting developing country Members to provide preferential tariff treatment for least developing countries.
2. Context of the proposal
2.1.The Marrakesh Agreement establishing the World Trade Organization
The Marrakesh Agreement establishing the World Trade Organization (‘WTO Agreement’) entered into force on 1 January 1995.
The European Union is a party to the Agreement.
2.2.Ministerial Conference and General Council of the World Trade Organization
Pursuant to paragraph 1 of Article IV of the WTO Agreement, the Ministerial Conference has the authority to take decisions on all matters under any of the Multilateral Trade Agreements.
Pursuant to paragraph 2 of Article IV of the WTO Agreement, in the intervals between meetings of the Ministerial Conference, its functions are conducted by the General Council.
Pursuant to paragraph 1 of Article IX, the WTO usually takes the decisions by consensus.
2.3.The envisaged act of the General Council of the WTO
Pursuant to paragraph 3 of Article IX of the WTO Agreement, an obligation imposed on a member may be waived in exceptional circumstances.
Further to a request by Chile, China, India, Thailand and Turkey (the ‘co-sponsors’), the General Council of the WTO is to adopt a decision to extend the existing WTO waiver permitting developing country Members to provide preferential tariff treatment for least developing countries (LDCs), pursuant to paragraphs 3 and 4 of Article IX of the WTO Agreement (the ‘envisaged act’).
The existing waiver for least developing countries expired on 30 June 2019. Therefore, the purpose of the envisaged act is to extend the waiver from 1 July 2019 until 30 June 2029.
The envisaged act will become binding on the Members of the WTO in accordance with paragraph 3 of Article IX, as well as paragraph 2 of Article II of the WTO Agreement, which provides: ‘The agreements and associated legal instruments included in Annexes 1, 2 and 3 <…> are integral parts of this Agreement, binding on all Members’.
3. Position to be taken on the Union's behalf
The co-sponsors requested to extend the existing WTO waiver of obligations under paragraph 1 of Article I of the GATT 1994 allowing developing country Members to provide preferential tariff treatment to products of LDCs, designated as such by the United Nations, without being required to extend the same tariff rates to like products of any other Member from 1 July 2019 until 30 June 2029.
The co-sponsors submitted the request pursuant to paragraphs 3 and 4 of Article IX of the WTO Agreement. They justify the request with the particular vulnerability of LDCs and the special structural difficulties these countries face in the global economy, as well as the importance of improving their effective participation in the multilateral trading system by granting them meaningful market access to support the diversification of their production and export base.
This will be the second extension of the waiver for preferential tariff treatment for LDCs, initially granted on 15 June 1999 until 30 June 2009 1 , and extended on 27 May 2009 until 30 June 2019 2 .
The extension of the waiver would not affect negatively either the economy of the Union or the trade relations with the beneficiaries of this waiver. The Union provides full duty and quota free access to LDCs through its Everything But Arms initiative and is supportive of the efforts of other WTO Members, including developing countries, to provide preferential tariff treatment to LDCs, too. The Union further considers that a legal instrument is necessary to enable developing countries to provide such preferences, given that the WTO Enabling Clause only enables developed Members to do so. Therefore, the position to be taken by the Union within the General Council should be to support the waiver extension.
4. Legal basis
4.1.Procedural legal basis
4.1.1.Principles
Article 218(9) of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (TFEU) provides for decisions establishing ‘the positions to be adopted on the Union’s behalf in a body set up by an agreement, when that body is called upon to adopt acts having legal effects, with the exception of acts supplementing or amending the institutional framework of the agreement.’
The concept of ‘acts having legal effects’ includes acts that have legal effects by virtue of the rules of international law governing the body in question. It also includes instruments that do not have a binding effect under international law, but that are ‘capable of decisively influencing the content of the legislation adopted by the EU legislature’ 3 .
4.1.2.Application to the present case
The General Council of the WTO is a body set up by an agreement, namely the WTO Agreement.
The act which the General Council is called upon to adopt constitutes an act having legal effects. The envisaged act will be binding under international law in accordance with paragraph 2 of Article II and paragraph 3 of Article IX of the WTO Agreement.
The envisaged act does not supplement or amend the institutional framework of the Agreement.
Therefore, the procedural legal basis for the proposed decision is Article 218(9) TFEU.
4.2.Substantive legal basis
4.2.1.Principles
The substantive legal basis for a decision under Article 218(9) TFEU depends primarily on the objective and content of the envisaged act in respect of which a position is taken on the Union's behalf. If the envisaged act pursues two aims or has two components and if one of those aims or components is identifiable as the main one, whereas the other is merely incidental, the decision under Article 218(9) TFEU must be founded on a single substantive legal basis, namely that required by the main or predominant aim or component.
4.2.2.Application to the present case
The main objective and content of the envisaged act relate to the common commercial policy.
Therefore, the substantive legal basis of the proposed decision is the first subparagraph of Article 207 i.
4.3.Conclusion
The legal basis of the proposed decision should be the first subparagraph of Article 207 i, in conjunction with Article 218(9) TFEU.
5. Publication of the envisaged act
As the act of the General Council of the WTO will implement the WTO Agreement provisions with respect to waivers, it is appropriate to publish it in the Official Journal of the European Union after its adoption.