Explanatory Memorandum to COM(2018)126 - Authorisation of Hungary to derogate from Article 193 of the VAT Directive - Main contents
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| dossier | COM(2018)126 - Authorisation of Hungary to derogate from Article 193 of the VAT Directive. |
|---|---|
| source | COM(2018)126  |
| date | 14-03-2018 |
Pursuant to Article 395(1) of Directive 2006/112/EC of 28 November 2006 on the common system of value added tax 1 (hereafter ‘the VAT Directive’), the Council, acting unanimously on a proposal from the Commission, may authorise any Member State to apply special measures for derogation from the provisions of that Directive in order to simplify the procedure for collecting VAT or to prevent certain forms of tax evasion or avoidance.
By letter registered with the Commission on 13 July 2017, Hungary requested authorisation to introduce a measure to derogate from Article 193 of the VAT Directive. In accordance with Article 395(2) of the VAT Directive, the Commission informed the other Member States by letter dated 15 January 2018 of the request made by Hungary. By letter dated 16 January 2018 the Commission notified Hungary that it had all the information it considered necessary for appraisal of the request.
1. CONTEXT OF THE PROPOSAL
• Reasons for and objectives of the proposal
Based on Article 199(1)(g) of the VAT Directive, Member States may provide that the person liable for the payment of VAT is the taxable person to whom the supply of immovable property sold by a judgement debtor in a compulsory sale procedure is made (the reverse charge mechanism). Hungary would like to extend the application of the reverse charge mechanism to supplies of capital goods of the company and to supplies of goods or services of the open market value exceeding HUF 100 000 (approximately 320EUR), if the taxable person supplying the goods or services is the subject of liquidation or any other proceedings legally establishing its insolvency.
According to Hungary, capital goods are typically high value tools, machinery and objects and there are a large number of transactions exceeding the threshold of HUF 100 000 carried out by insolvent taxable persons. The liquidator frequently fails to pay the VAT due since the amount has to be used to settle earlier claims. At the same time, the purchaser, being taxable person with the right of deduction, can still deduct the VAT incurred negatively impacting the budget and basically financing the liquidation. Hungary also registered cases of fraud whereby companies in liquidation would issue fictitious invoices to active companies greatly reducing their payable tax without the guarantee that the issuer would pay the VAT due.
Hungary therefore submits that there is a real need to safeguard the tax revenue and the budgetary interests on account of the number of taxable persons in financial difficulties performing the above supplies. The reverse charge mechanism is, according to Hungary, an appropriate tool to this aim. The taxable person in liquidation would not be liable to pay the VAT due and the customer would not be penalised while losses to the public budget would be avoided.
It is proposed to grant the derogation until 31 December 2021.
In case Hungary would consider an extension of the derogating measure beyond 2021, a report including a review of the measure should be submitted to the Commission together with the extension request and this no later than 31 December 2020.
2. LEGAL BASIS, SUBSIDIARITY AND PROPORTIONALITY
• Legal basis
Article 395 of the VAT Directive.
• Subsidiarity (for non-exclusive competence)
Considering the provision of the VAT Directive on which the proposal is based, the subsidiarity principle does not apply.
• Proportionality
The proposal complies with the proportionality principle for the following reasons.
The Decision concerns an authorisation granted to a Member State upon its own request and does not constitute any obligation.
Given the limited scope of the derogation, the special measure is proportionate to the aim pursued, i.e. to simplify tax collection and combat tax evasion. It does not go beyond what is required to fulfil these aims.
• Choice of the instrument
Under Article 395 of the VAT Directive, derogation from the common VAT rules is only possible with the authorisation of the Council acting unanimously on a proposal from the Commission. Moreover, a Council Decision is the most suitable instrument since it can be addressed to individual Member States.
3. RESULTS OF EX-POST EVALUATIONS, STAKEHOLDER CONSULTATIONS AND IMPACT ASSESSMENTS
• Stakeholder consultations
This proposal is based on a request made by Hungary and concerns only this Member State.
• Collection and use of expertise
There was no need for external expertise.
• Impact assessment
The proposal for Implementing Decision aims at safeguarding tax revenues and budgetary interests on account of companies under insolvency procedure in case they carry out supplies of capital goods or supplies of goods or services with an open market value exceeding HUF 100 000. According to Hungary, applying the reverse charge mechanism to these types of transactions will simplify tax collection and prevent tax evasion. It would limit losses to public revenues and generate additional budget revenue of approximately HUF 4-5 billion (approximately 13–14 million EUR) each year. Consequently, the derogating measure will have a potential positive impact.
Because of the narrow scope of the derogation and the limited application in time, the impact will in any case be limited.
4. BUDGETARY IMPLICATIONS
The proposal will have no negative implications for the EU budget.
5. OTHER ELEMENTS
The proposal includes a sunset clause set at 31 December 2021.