Explanatory Memorandum to COM(2017)568 - Amendment of the VAT Implementing Regulation as regards certain exemptions for intra-Community transactions - Main contents
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| dossier | COM(2017)568 - Amendment of the VAT Implementing Regulation as regards certain exemptions for intra-Community transactions. |
|---|---|
| source | COM(2017)568  |
| date | 04-10-2017 |
1. CONTEXT OFTHEPROPOSAL
• Reasons for and objectives of the proposal
On 7 April 2016, the Commission adopted the Action Plan on VAT – Towards a single EU VAT area – Time to decide1 (VAT Action Plan). There the Commission announced, inter alia, its intention to adopt a definitive VAT system for Business-to-Business (B2B) intra-Union cross-border trade based on the principle of taxation in the Member State of destination of the goods in order to create a robust single European VAT area. A legislative proposal for such a simpler and fraud-proof definitive VAT system for intra-Union trade was included in the Commission’s Work Programme for 20172.
In its conclusions of 25 May 20163, the Council took note of the points made by the Commission in its VAT Action Plan as regards the way forward towards the definitive VAT system and of its intention to present, as a first step, a legislative proposal in 2017 for the definitive VAT system for cross-border trade. It also reiterated its view that the principle of “taxation in the Member State of origin of the supply of goods or services” should be replaced by the principle of “taxation in the Member State of destination” for the definitive VAT system for B2B transactions.
In its conclusions of 8 November 20164 the Council stated that, while the Commission is working on the definitive VAT system for intra-Union trade, improvements to the current VAT system should be made in the meantime. In this context, the Council requested amendments in four areas:
• Proof of intra-Community supply: the Council invited the Commission to explore possibilities for a common framework of recommended criteria for the documentary evidence required to claim an exemption for intra-Community supplies.
• VAT identification number: the Council invited the Commission to present a legislative proposal aimed at making the valid VAT identification number of the taxable person or non-taxable legal person acquiring the goods, allocated by a Member State other than that in which dispatch or transport of the goods began, an additional substantive condition for the application of the exemption in respect of an intra-Community supply of goods.
• Chain transactions: the Council invited the Commission to analyse and propose uniform criteria and appropriate legislative improvements which would lead to increased legal certainty and harmonised application of VAT rules when determining the VAT treatment of the transaction chain, including triangular transactions.
• Call-off stock: the Council invited the Commission to propose modifications to the current VAT rules in order to allow simplification and uniform treatment for call-off
COM(2016) 148 final.
See Commission Work Programme 2017: Delivering a Europe that protects, empowers and defends, COM(2016) 710 final.
eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT:52016DC0710 See: www.consilium.europa.eu/en/press/press-releases">www.consilium.europa.eu/en/press/press-releases Council conclusions of 8 November 2016 on Improvements to the current EU VAT rules for crossborder transactions (No. 14257/16 FISC 190 ECOFIN 1023 of 9 November 2016) data.consilium.europa.eu/doc/document
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stock arrangements in cross-border trade. To this effect, 'call-off stock' refers to the situation where a vendor transfers goods to a warehouse at the disposal of a known acquirer in another Member State and that acquirer becomes the owner of the goods upon calling them off the warehouse.
In order to meet the request of the Council, amendments to the VAT Implementing Regulation5 are proposed for the first domain. The three others require modifications to the VAT Directive6 and are therefore subject to a separate proposal.
• Consistency with other Union policies
The creation of a simple, modern and fraud-proof VAT system is one of the fiscal priorities set out by the Commission for 20177.
Combating missing trader VAT fraud is also one of the European Union’s ("Union" or 'EU') priority crime areas, under the 2014-2017 EU Policy Cycle of Europol8.
Reducing administrative burden, particularly for SMEs, is also an important objective highlighted in the Union’s growth strategy9.
The proposed initiative and its objectives are consistent with the Union SME policy as set by the Small Business Act (SBA)10, in particular principle VII on helping SMEs to benefit more from the opportunities offered by the Single Market.
It is consistent with the Single market strategy (SMS)11 and the objectives of the Regulatory Fitness and Performance programme (REFIT).
2. LEGAL BASIS, SUBSIDIARITY AND PROPORTIONALITY
• Legal basis
The proposal is based on Article 397 of the VAT Directive. This article provides that the Council, acting unanimously on a proposal from the Commission, shall adopt the measures necessary to implement the VAT Directive.
• Subsidiarity (for non-exclusive competence)
According to the principle of subsidiarity, as set out in Article 5(3) of the Treaty on European Union (TEU), action at Union level may only be taken if the envisaged aims cannot be
Council Implementing Regulation (EU) No 282/2011 of 15 March 2011 laying down implementing measures for Directive 2006/112/EC on the common system of value added tax (recast) (OJ L 77, 23.3.2011, p.
1).
Council Directive 2006/112/EC of 28 November 2006 on the common system of value added tax (OJ L 347, 11.12.2006, p.
1).
Annual Growth Survey 2017; see https://ec.europa.eu/info/publications/2017-european-semester-annual-growth-survey_en
EMPACT priorities (European multidisciplinary platform against criminal threats) Europe 2020 – A strategy for smart, sustainable and inclusive growth: see eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=COM:2010:2020:FIN:EN:PDF Communication from the Commission to the Council, the European Parliament, the European Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions – “Think Small First” – A “Small Business Act” for Europe (COM(2008) 394 final).
Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament, the Council, the European Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the regions – 'Upgrading the Single Market: more opportunities for people and business' (COM(2015) 550 final).
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achieved sufficiently by the Member States alone and can therefore, by reason of the scale or effects of the proposed actions, be better achieved at Union level.
Issues related to the proof of intra-Community transport for the purposes of the VAT exemption for cross-border trade can be better addressed at Union level than by individual Member States since, inevitably, more than one Member State is involved. Moreover, VAT is a tax harmonised at Union level and therefore any new initiative for implementing a specific rule of the VAT Directive requires a proposal by the Commission to amend the VAT Implementing Regulation.
The proposed measure on the documentary evidence required to claim an exemption for intra-Community supplies has unanimously been requested by the Member States which demonstrates that action at Union level is likely to be more effective as, at national level, such action has proven not to be sufficiently successful.
• Proportionality
The proposed measure in relation to the proof of transport of goods from one Member State to another is a targeted reply towards a specific problem in relation to a VAT rule which has proven to be difficult to apply in a systematic and uniform way and which has created problems for taxable persons as well as for tax administrations.
• Choice of the instrument
This proposal amends Council Implementing Regulation (EU) No 282/2011.
3. RESULTS OF EX-POST EVALUATIONS, STAKEHOLDER
Contents
ANDIMPACTASSESSMENTS
• Stakeholder consultations
The Commission has set up two working groups for discussions at technical level regarding VAT, namely the Group on the Future of VAT (GFV) and the VAT Expert Group (VEG). These groups discussed improvements to the current VAT system, including the issue of the proof of transport of goods from one Member State to another in the framework of the VAT exemption for intra-Community B2B supplies of goods. In addition, a public consultation was organised from 20 December 2016 to 20 March 2017 resulting in 121 contributions12.
• Impact assessment
Reference is made to the separate impact assessment [SWD(2017)325 and its summary SWD(2017)326] which has been carried out in relation to, inter alia, this proposal.
The impact assessment for the proposal was considered by the Regulatory Scrutiny Board on 14 July 2017 [Ares(2017)3573962-SEC(2017)423]. The Board gave a positive opinion to the proposal with some recommendations that have been taken into account. The opinion of the
See, about stakeholder consultation, Annex 2 of the Staff Working Document - Impact assessment accompanying the document Proposal for a Council Directive amending Directive 2006/112/EC as regards harmonising and simplifying certain rules in the value added tax system and introducing the definitive system for the taxation of trade between Member States and the results of the related open public consultation: https://ec.europa.eu/taxation_customs/consultations-get-involved/tax-consultations_en
Board and the recommendations are mentioned in Annex 1 to the Staff Working Document for the impact assessment accompanying this proposal.
4. BUDGETARY IMPLICATIONS
The proposal will have no negative implications for the Union budget.
5. OTHERELEMENTS
• Detailed explanation of the specific provisions of the proposal
In 1994 the Commission drew the attention of the Council and the European Parliament13 on the question of the evidence to be provided in order to prove that the conditions for the exemption of an intra-Community supply of goods are met. Already at that time the Commission, less than 2 years after the introduction of the current transitional arrangements for the taxation of intra-Community trade (which entail that an intra-Community B2B transaction on goods gives rise to an exempt supply of goods in the Member State of departure and a taxed intra-Community acquisition in the Member State of arrival), pointed out that that issue was a source of difficulty.
Later discussions at Union level did not lead to practical results. Further the VAT Implementing Regulation does currently not contain any provision on this point, although over the years the case law of the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) has dealt with the proof of the exemption for intra-Community supplies14.
Nevertheless, during the consultation process launched in connection with the Green Paper on the future of VAT15, numerous contributions pointed again to this issue as a major problem of the current VAT system. Clear and stable rules that provide legal certainty for businesses are essential. At the same time, tax administrations must be able to monitor and ensure the correct application of the exemption, in particular as exempt intra-Community supplies are often a basic component of cross-border carousel fraud schemes.
The solution proposed consists of introducing a rebuttable presumption in two specific cases which involve the certified taxable person status. As regards the certified taxable person status, reference is made to the proposed legislation on the definitive VAT regime for intra-Community trade.
In the first situation, whereby the goods have been transported or dispatched by the supplier, directly or by a third party on his behalf, and the supplier has the certified taxable person status, a presumption is introduced according to which the goods have been transported from the Member State of supply (departure) to another Member State in case the supplier is in possession of two non-contradictory documents (a list of which is contained in the
Report from the Commission to the Council and the European Parliament on the operation of the transitional arrangements for charging VAT in intra-Community trade (COM(94)515final of 23 November 1994).
See e.g. judgements of 27 September 2007, Teleos, C-409/04, ECLI:EU:C:2007:548; of 27 September 2007, Collée, C-146/05, ECLI:EU:C:2007:549; of 27 September 2007, Twoh International, C-184/05, ECLI:EU:C:2007:550; of 16 December 2010, Euro Tyre Holding, C-430/09, ECLI:EU:C:2010:786; of 27 September 2012, VSTR, C-587/10, ECLI:EU:C:2012:592; of 6 September 2012, Mecsek-Gabona, C-273/11, ECLI:EU:C:2012:547; of 9 October 2014, Traum, C-492/13, ECLI:EU:C:2014:2267. Green paper on the future of VAT – Towards a simpler, more robust and efficient VAT system COM(2010) 695; Commission Staff Working Document accompanying document to the Green Paper on the future of VAT Towards a simpler, more robust and efficient VAT system (SEC(2010) 1455, 1.12.2010).
Regulation) attesting to the transport. However, a tax authority may rebut this presumption on the basis of evidence indicating that the goods were not transported from the Member State of supply to another Member State.
In the second situation, where the customer is a certified taxable person and where the goods have been transported or dispatched by that customer, directly or by a third party on his behalf, a presumption is introduced according to which the goods can be regarded as transported from the Member State of supply to another Member State if the supplier is in possession of (i) a written statement by the acquirer that the goods have been transported by the acquirer or on his behalf with mention of the Member State of arrival of the goods (without, however, the need to disclose the exact destination in order to preserve the confidentiality of the acquirer's business); and (ii) two non-contradictory documents (of those mentioned in the list contained in the Regulation) attesting to the transport. The statement in (i), which is to be recorded by the supplier, has to be provided no later than on the tenth day of the month following the supply. This period should provide the acquirer sufficient time to transmit the information while, at the same time, it does not exceed the time limit for the supplier to issue an invoice (at the latest on the fifteenth of the month following the supply in accordance with the conditions of Article 222 of the VAT Directive).
For the situations which are not covered by these presumptions, e.g. because the taxable persons involved do not have the certified taxable person status, the current rules, as interpreted by the CJEU, remain applicable.