Legal provisions of COM(2021)664 - Amendment of Regulation (EU) No 575/2013 as regards requirements for credit risk, credit valuation adjustment risk, operational risk, market risk and the output floor - Main contents
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This page contains a limited version of this dossier in the EU Monitor.
| dossier | COM(2021)664 - Amendment of Regulation (EU) No 575/2013 as regards requirements for credit risk, credit valuation adjustment risk, ... |
|---|---|
| document | COM(2021)664  |
| date | October 27, 2021 |
Contents
Article 1 - Amendments to Regulation (EU) No 575/2013
(1) in Article 4, paragraph 1 is amended as follows:
(a)points (15) and (16) are replaced by the following:
‘(15) ‘parent undertaking’ means an undertaking that controls, in the meaning of point (37), one or more undertakings;
(16) ‘subsidiary’ means an undertaking that is controlled, in the meaning of point (37), by another undertaking;’;
(b)point (18) is replaced by the following:
‘(18) ‘ancillary services undertaking’ means an undertaking the principal activity of which, whether provided to undertakings inside the group or to clients outside the group, the competent authority considers to be any of the following:
(a)a direct extension of banking;
(b)operational leasing, factoring, the management of unit trusts, the ownership or management of property, the provision of data processing services or any other activity that is ancillary to banking;
(c)any other activity considered similar by EBA to those mentioned in points (a) and (b);’;
(c)point (20) is replaced by the following:
‘(20) ‘financial holding company’ means an undertaking fulfilling all of the following conditions:
(a)the undertaking is a financial institution;
(b)the undertaking is not a mixed financial holding company;
(c)at least one subsidiary of that undertaking is an institution;
(d)more than 50 % of any of the following indicators are associated, on a steady basis, with subsidiaries that are institutions or financial institutions, and with activities performed by the undertaking itself that are not related to the acquisition or owning of holdings in subsidiaries when those activities are of the same nature as the ones performed by institutions or financial institutions:
(i)the undertaking’s equity based on its consolidated situation;
(ii)the undertaking’s assets based on its consolidated situation;
(iii)the undertaking’s revenues based on its consolidated situation;
(iv)the undertaking’s personnel based on its consolidated situation;
(v)other indicator considered relevant by the competent authority;’;
(d)the following point (20a) is inserted:
‘(20a) ‘investment holding company’ means an investment holding company as defined in Article 4(1), point (23), of Regulation (EU) 2019/2033 of the European Parliament and of the Council 53 ;
(e)point (26) is replaced by the following:
‘(26) ‘financial institution’ means an undertaking that meets both of the following conditions:
(a)the undertaking is not an institution, a pure industrial holding company, an insurance holding company or a mixed‐activity insurance holding company as defined in Article 212(1), points (f) and (g), of Directive 2009/138/EC;
(b)the undertaking fulfils any of the following conditions:
(i)the principal activity of the undertaking is to acquire or own holdings or to pursue one or more of the activities listed Annex I, points 2 to 12 and point 15, to Directive 2013/36/EU, or to pursue one or more of the services or activities listed in Annex I, Section 1 or B, to Directive 2014/65/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council 54 in relation to financial instruments listed in Section C of that Annex to that Directive;
(ii)the undertaking is an investment firm, a mixed financial holding company, an investment holding company, a payment services provider within the meaning of Directive (EU) 2015/2366 of the European Parliament and of the Council 55 , an asset management company or an ancillary services undertaking;’;
(f)the following point (26a) is inserted:
‘(26a) ‘pure industrial holding company’ means an undertaking that fulfils all of the following conditions:
(a)the principal activity of the undertaking is to acquire or own holdings;
(b)neither the undertaking nor any of the undertakings in which it owns participations are referred to in point (27), points (a), (d), (e), (f), (g), (h), (k) and (l);
(c)neither the undertaking nor any of the undertakings in which it own participations perform as a principal activity any of the activities listed in Annex I to Directive 2013/36/EU, any of the activities listed in Annex I, Sections A or B, to Directive 2014/65/EU in relation to financial instruments listed in Section C of that Annex to that Directive, or are investment firms, payment services providers within the meaning of Directive (EU) 2015/2366, asset management companies, or ancillary services undertakings;’;
(g)in point (27), point (c) is deleted;
(h)point (28) is replaced by the following:
‘(28) ‘parent institution in a Member State’ means an institution in a Member State which has an institution or a financial institution as a subsidiary, or which holds a participation in an institution, financial institution or ancillary services undertaking, and which is not itself a subsidiary of another institution authorised in the same Member State, or of a financial holding company or mixed financial holding company set up in the same Member State;’;
(i)the following points (33a) and (33b) are inserted:
‘(33a) ‘stand-alone institution in the EU’ means an institution that is not subject to prudential consolidation pursuant to Part One, Title II, Chapter 2 in the EU, and that has no EU parent undertaking subject to such prudential consolidation;
(33b) ‘stand-alone subsidiary institution in a Member State’ means an institution that meets all of the following criteria:
(a)the institution is the subsidiary of an EU parent institution, an EU parent financial holding company or an EU parent mixed financial holding company;
(b)the institution is located in another Member State than its parent institution, parent financial holding company or parent mixed financial holding company;
(c)the institution has no subsidiary itself and does not hold any participation in an institution or financial institution;’;
(j)in point (37) the reference to ‘Article 1 of Directive 83/349/EEC’ is replaced by a reference to ‘Article 22 of Directive 2013/34/EU’;
(k)point (52) is replaced by the following:
‘(52) ‘operational risk’ means the risk of loss resulting from inadequate or failed internal processes, people and systems or from external events, including legal risk, model risk and ICT risk, but not strategic and reputational risk;’;
(l)the following points (52a) to (52i) are inserted:
‘(52a) ‘legal risk’ means losses, including expenses, fines, penalties or punitive damages, caused by events that result in legal proceedings, including the following:
(a)supervisory actions and private settlements;
(b)failure to act where action is necessary to comply with a legal obligation;
(c)action taken to avoid compliance with a legal obligation;
(d)misconduct events, which are events that arise from wilful or negligent misconduct, including inappropriate supply of financial services;
(e)non-compliance with any requirement derived from national or international statutory or legislative provisions;
(f)non-compliance with any requirement derived from contractual arrangements, or with internal rules and codes of conduct established in accordance with national or international norms and practices;
(g)non-compliance with ethical rules.
Legal risk does not comprise refunds to third parties or employees and goodwill payments due to business opportunities, where no breach of any rules or ethical conduct has occurred and where the institution has fulfilled its obligations on a timely basis; and external legal costs where the event giving rise to those external costs is not an operational risk event.
(52b) ‘model risk’ means the loss an institution may incur as a consequence of decisions that could be principally based on the output of internal models, due to errors in the development, implementation or use of such models, including the following:
(a)the improper set-up of a selected internal model and its characteristics;
(b)the inadequate verification of a selected internal model’s suitability for the financial instrument to be evaluated or for the product to be priced, or of the selected internal model’s suitability for the applicable market conditions;
(c)errors in the implementation of a selected internal model;
(d)incorrect mark-to-market valuations and risk measurement as a result of a mistake when booking a trade into the trading system;
(e)the use of a selected internal model or of its outputs for a purpose for which that model was not intended or designed, including manipulation of the modelling parameters;
(f)the untimely and ineffective monitoring of model performance to assess whether the selected internal model remains fit for purpose;
(52c) ‘ICT risk’ means the risk of losses or potential losses related to the use of network information systems or communication technology, including breach of confidentiality, failure of systems, unavailability or lack of integrity of data and systems, and cyber risk;
(52d) ‘environmental, social or governance (ESG) risk’ means the risk of losses arising from any negative financial impact on the institution stemming from the current or prospective impacts of environmental, social or governance (ESG) factors on the institution’s counterparties or invested assets;
(52e) ‘environmental risk’ means the risk of losses arising from any negative financial impact on the institution stemming from the current or prospective impacts of environmental factors on the institution’s counterparties or invested assets, including factors related to the transition towards the following environmental objectives:
(a)climate change mitigation ;
(b)climate change adaptation;
(c)the sustainable use and protection of water and marine resources;
(d)the transition to a circular economy;
(e)pollution prevention and control;
(f)the protection and restoration of biodiversity and ecosystems;
Environmental risk includes both physical risk and transition risk.
(52f) ‘physical risk’, as part of the overall environmental risk, means the risk of losses arising from any negative financial impact on the institution stemming from the current or prospective impacts of the physical effects of environmental factors on the institution’s counterparties or invested assets;
(52g) ‘transition risk’, as part of the overall environmental risk, means the risk of losses arising from any negative financial impact on the institution stemming from the current or prospective impacts of the transition of business activities and sectors to an environmentally sustainable economy on the institution’s counterparties or invested assets;
(52h) ‘social risk’ means the risk of losses arising from any negative financial impact on the institution stemming from the current or prospective impacts of social factors on its counterparties or invested assets;
(52i) ‘governance risk’ means the risk of losses arising from any negative financial impact on the institution stemming from the current or prospective impacts of governance factors on the institution’s counterparties or invested assets;’;
(m)points (54), (55) and (56) are replaced by the following:
‘(54) ‘probability of default’ or ‘PD’ means the probability of default of an obligor over a one-year period, and, in the context of dilution risk, the probability of dilution over that one-year period;
(55) ‘loss given default’ or ‘LGD’ means the expected ratio of the loss on an exposure related to a single facility due to the default of an obligor or facility to the amount outstanding at default, and, in the context of dilution risk, the loss given dilution meaning the expected ratio of the loss on an exposure due to dilution, to the amount outstanding according to the pledged or purchased receivable;
(56) ‘conversion factor’ or ‘credit conversion factor’ or ‘CCF’ means the expected ratio of the currently undrawn amount of a commitment from a single facility that could be drawn from a single facility before default and that would therefore be outstanding at default to the currently undrawn amount of the commitment from that facility, the extent of the commitment being determined by the advised limit, unless the unadvised limit is higher;’;
(n)the following point (56a) is inserted:
‘(56a) ‘realised CCF’ means the ratio of the drawn amount of a commitment from a single facility, that was undrawn at a given reference date prior to default, and that is therefore outstanding at default, to the undrawn amount of the commitment from that facility at that reference date;’;
(o)points (58), (59) and 60 are replaced by the following:
‘(58) ‘funded credit protection’ or ‘FCP’ means a technique of credit risk mitigation where the reduction of the credit risk on the exposure of an institution is derived from the right of that institution, in the event of the default of the obligor or on the occurrence of other specified credit events relating to the obligor, to liquidate, or to obtain transfer or appropriation of, or to retain certain assets or amounts, or to reduce the amount of the exposure to, or to replace it with, the amount of the difference between the amount of the exposure and the amount of a claim on the institution;
(59) ‘unfunded credit protection’ or ‘UFCP’ means a technique of credit risk mitigation where the reduction of the credit risk on the exposure of an institution is derived from the obligation of a third party to pay an amount in the event of the default of the obligor or the occurrence of other specified credit events;
(60) ‘cash assimilated instrument’ means a certificate of deposit, a bond, including a covered bond, or any other non-subordinated instrument, which has been issued by the lending institution, for which the lending institution has already received full payment and which shall be unconditionally reimbursed by the lending institution at its nominal value;’;
(p)the following point (60a) is inserted:
‘(60a) ‘gold bullion’ means gold in the form of a commodity, including gold bars, ingots and coins, commonly accepted by the bullion market, where liquid markets for bullion exist, and the value of which is determined by the value of the gold content, defined by purity and mass, rather than by its interest to numismatists;’;
(q)the following point (74a) is inserted :
‘(74a) ‘property value’ means the value of an immovable property determined in accordance with Article 229(1);’;
(r)point (75) is replaced by the following:
‘(75) ‘residential property’ means any of the following:
(a)an immovable property which has the nature of a dwelling and satisfies all applicable laws and regulations enabling the property to be occupied for housing purposes;
(b)an immovable property which has the nature of a dwelling and is still under construction, provided that there is the expectation that the property will satisfy all applicable laws and regulations enabling the property to be occupied for housing purposes;
(c)the right to inhabit an apartment in housing cooperatives located in Sweden
(d)land accessory to a property referred to in points (a), (b) or (c);’;
(s)the following points (75a) to (75g) are inserted:
‘(75a) ‘commercial immovable property’ means any immovable property that is not residential property, including lands other than those referred to in points (75)(d) and (79);
(75b) ‘income producing real estate exposure’ (IPRE exposure) means an exposure secured by one or more residential or commercial immovable properties where the fulfilment of the credit obligations related to the exposure materially depends on the cash flows generated by those immovable properties securing that exposure, rather than on the capacity of the obligor to fulfil the credit obligations from other sources;
(75c) ‘non-income producing real estate exposure’ (non-IPRE exposure) means any exposure secured by one or more residential or commercial immovable properties that is not an IPRE exposure;
(75d) ‘non-ADC exposure’ means any exposure secured by one or more residential or commercial immovable properties that is not an ADC exposure;
(75e) ‘exposure secured by residential property’, or ‘exposure secured by a mortgage on residential property’, or ‘exposure secured by residential property collateral’, or ‘exposure secured by residential immovable property’, means an exposure secured by a mortgage on residential property or secured by any other mechanisms other than mortgages but which are economically equivalent to mortgages and recognised as collateral on residential property under the applicable national law setting out the conditions for the establishment of those mechanisms;
(75f) ‘exposure secured by commercial immovable property’, or ‘exposure secured by a mortgage on commercial immovable property’, or ‘exposure secured by commercial immovable property collateral’ means an exposure secured by a mortgage on commercial immovable property or secured by any other mechanisms other than mortgages but which are economically equivalent to mortgages and recognised as collateral on commercial immovable property under the applicable national law setting out the conditions for the establishment of those mechanisms;
(75g) ‘exposure secured by immovable property’, or ‘exposure secured by a mortgage on immovable property’, or ‘exposure secured by immovable property collateral’ means an exposure secured by a mortgage on residential or commercial immovable property or secured by any other mechanisms other than mortgages but which are economically equivalent to mortgages and recognised as collateral on immovable property under the applicable national law setting out the conditions for the establishment of those mechanisms;’;
(t)points (78) and (79) are replaced by the following:
‘(78) ‘one-year default rate’ means the ratio between the number of defaults occurred during a period that starts from one year prior to a date of observation T, and the number of obligors, or the number of facilities where the classification as defaulted is applied at facility level pursuant to Article 178, assigned to this grade or pool one year prior to that date of observation T;
(79) ‘ADC exposures’ or ‘land acquisition, development and construction exposures’ means exposures to corporates or special purpose entities financing any land acquisition for development and construction purposes, or financing development and construction of any residential or commercial immovable property;’;
(u)point (114) is replaced by the following:
‘(114) ‘indirect holding’ means any exposure to an intermediate entity that has an exposure to capital instruments issued by a financial sector entity or to liabilities issued by an institution where, in the event the capital instruments issued by the financial sector entity or the liabilities issued by the institution were permanently written off, the loss that the institution would incur as a result would not be materially different from the loss the institution would incur from a direct holding of those capital instruments issued by the financial sector entity or of those liabilities issued by the institution;’
(v)point (126) is replaced by the following:
‘(126) ‘synthetic holding’ means an investment by an institution in a financial instrument the value of which is directly linked to the value of the capital instruments issued by a financial sector entity or to the value of the liabilities issued by an institution;’;
(w)point (144) is replaced by the following:
‘(144) ‘trading desk’ means a well-identified group of dealers set up by the institution to jointly manage a portfolio of trading book positions, or the non-trading book positions referred to in Article 104b, paragraphs 5 and 6, in accordance with a well-defined and consistent business strategy and operating under the same risk management structure;’
(x)in point (145), the following subparagraph is inserted:
‘For the purposes of point (e), an institution may exclude derivative positions it entered with its non-financial clients and the derivatives positions it uses to hedge those positions, provided that the combined value of the excluded positions calculated in accordance with Article 273a(3) does not exceed 10% of the institution’s total on- and off-balance sheet assets.’;(y)the following points (151) and (152) are added:
‘(151) ‘revolving exposure’ means any exposure whereby the borrower’s outstanding balance is permitted to fluctuate based on its decisions to borrow and repay, up to an agreed limit;
(152) ‘transactor exposure’ means any revolving exposure that has at least 12 months of repayment history and that is one of the following:
(a)an exposure for which, on a regular basis of at least every 12 months, the balance to be repaid at the next scheduled repayment date is determined as the drawn amount at a predefined reference date, with a scheduled repayment date not later than after 12 months, provided that the balance has been repaid in full at each scheduled repayment date for the previous 12 months;
(b)an overdraft facility where there have been no drawdowns over the previous 12 months’;
(2) Article 5 is amended as follows:
(a)point (3) is replaced by the following:
‘(3) ‘expected loss’ or ‘EL’ means the ratio, related to a single facility, of the amount expected to be lost on an exposure from any of the following:
(i)a potential default of an obligor over a one-year period to the amount outstanding at default;
(ii)a potential dilution event over a one-year period to the amount outstanding at the date of occurrence of the dilution event;’;
(b)the following points (4) to (10) are added:
‘(4) ‘credit obligation’ means any obligation arising from a credit contract, including principal, accrued interest and fees, owed by an obligor to an institution or, where the institution serves as a guarantor, owed by an obligor to a third party;
(5) ‘credit exposure’ means any on-balance sheet item, including any amount of principal, accrued interest and fees owed by the obligor to the institution, and any off-balance sheet item that results, or may result, in a credit obligation;
(6) ‘facility’ means a credit exposure arising from contract or a set of contracts between an obligor and an institution;
(7) ‘margin of conservatism’ means an additive or multiplicative add-on incorporated in risk estimates, sufficiently prudent to account for the expected range of estimation errors stemming from identified deficiencies in data, methods, models, and changes to underwriting standards, risk appetite, collection and recovery policies and any other source of additional uncertainty, as well as from general estimation error;
(8) ‘small and medium-sized enterprise’ or ‘SME’ means a company, enterprise or undertaking which, according to the last consolidated accounts, has an annual turnover not exceeding EUR 50 000 000;’
(9) ‘commitment’ means any contractual arrangement that an institution offers to a client and is accepted by that client, to extend credit, purchase assets or issue credit substitutes. Any arrangement that can be unconditionally cancelled by the institution at any time without prior notice to the obligor or any arrangement that can be cancelled by the institution where the obligor fails to meet conditions set out in the facility documentation, including conditions that must be met by the obligor prior to any initial or subsequent drawdown under the arrangement, is a commitment;
Contractual arrangements that meet all of the following conditions shall not be commitments:
(a)contractual arrangements where the institution receives no fees or commissions to establish or maintain those contractual arrangements;
(b)contractual arrangements where the client is required to apply to the institution for the initial and each subsequent drawdown under those contractual arrangements;
(c)contractual arrangements where the institution has full authority, regardless of the fulfilment by the client of the conditions set out in the contractual arrangement documentation, over the execution of each drawdown;
(d)contractual arrangements where the institution is required to assess the creditworthiness of the client immediately prior to deciding on the execution of each drawdown;
(e)contractual arrangements that are offered to a corporate entity, including an SME, that is closely monitored on an ongoing basis.
(10) ‘unconditionally cancellable commitment’ means any commitment the terms of which permit the institution to cancel that commitment to the full extent allowable under consumer protection and related legislation at any time without prior notice to the obligor or that effectively provide for automatic cancellation due to deterioration in a borrower's creditworthiness.’;
(3) in Article 6, paragraph 3 is replaced by the following:
‘3. No institution which is either a parent undertaking or a subsidiary, and no institution included in the consolidation pursuant to Article 18, shall be required to comply on an individual basis with the obligations laid down in Article 92, paragraphs 5 and 6, and Part Eight.’;
(4) in Article 10a, the single paragraph is amended as follows:
‘For the purposes of the application of this Chapter, investment firms and investment holding companies shall be considered to be parent financial holding companies in a Member State or Union parent financial holding companies where such investment firms or investment holding companies are parent undertakings of an institution or of an investment firm subject to this Regulation that is referred to in Article 1(2) or (5) of Regulation (EU) 2019/2033.’;
(5) in Article 11(1), the first sentence is replaced by the following:
‘Parent institutions in a Member State shall comply, to the extent and in the manner set out in Article 18, with the obligations laid down in Parts Two, Three, Four, Seven and Seven A on the basis of their consolidated situation, with the exception of Article 92(3), point (a), and Article 430(1), point (d).’;
(6) Article 18 is amended as follows:
(a)paragraph 2 is deleted;
(b)in paragraph 7, first sub-paragraph, the first sentence is replaced by the following:
‘Where an institution has a subsidiary which is an undertaking other than an institution or a financial institution or holds a participation in such an undertaking, it shall apply to that subsidiary or participation the equity method.’;
(c)a new paragraph 10 is inserted:
‘10. EBA shall report to the Commission by [OP please insert date = 1 year after the entry into force of this Regulation] on the completeness and appropriateness of the set of definitions and provisions of this Regulation concerning the supervision of all types of risks to which institutions are exposed at a consolidated level. EBA shall assess in particular any possible remaining discrepancies in those definitions and provisions alongside their interaction with the applicable accounting framework, and any remaining aspect that might pose unintended constraints to a consolidated supervision that is comprehensive and adaptable to new sources or types of risks or structures that might lead to regulatory arbitrage. EBA shall periodically update its report on a bi-annual basis.
In the light of EBA’S findings, the Commission may, if appropriate, adopt delegated acts in accordance with Article 462 to adjust the relevant definitions or the scope of prudential consolidation.’;
(7) Article 20 is amended as follows:
(a)paragraph 1 is amended as follows:
(i)point (a) is replaced by the following:
‘(a) in the case of applications for the permissions referred to in Article 143(1), Article 151, paragraphs 4 and 9, Article 283 and Article 363 submitted by an EU parent institution and its subsidiaries, or jointly by the subsidiaries of an EU parent financial holding company or EU parent mixed financial holding company, to decide whether or not to grant the permission sought and to determine the terms and conditions, if any, to which such permission should be subject;’;
(ii)the third subparagraph is deleted;
(b)paragraph 6 is replaced by the following:
‘6. Where an EU parent institution and its subsidiaries, the subsidiaries of an EU parent financial holding company or an EU parent mixed financial holding company use the IRB Approach referred to in Article 143 on a unified basis, the competent authorities shall allow the parent and its subsidiaries, considered together, to meet the qualifying criteria set out in Part Three, Title II, Chapter 3, Section 6 in a way that is consistent with the structure of the group and its risk management systems, processes and methodologies.’;
(8) in Article 27(1), point (a), point (v) is deleted;
(9) in Article 34, the following paragraphs are added:
‘By way of derogation from the first paragraph of this Article, in extraordinary circumstances the existence of which will be determined by an opinion provided by EBA, institutions may reduce the total additional value adjustments in the calculation of the total amount to be deducted from Common Equity Tier 1 capital.
For the purposes of providing the opinion referred to in the second subparagraph, EBA shall monitor the market conditions to assess whether extraordinary circumstances have occurred and accordingly, shall notify the Commission immediately.
EBA shall develop draft regulatory technical standards to specify the indicators and conditions that EBA will use to determine the extraordinary circumstances referred to in the second paragraph and to specify the reduction of the total aggregated additional value adjustments referred to in that paragraph.
EBA shall submit those draft regulatory technical standards to the Commission by [OP please insert date = 2 years after the entry into force of this Regulation].
Power is delegated to the Commission to supplement this Regulation by adopting the regulatory technical standards referred to in the third paragraph in accordance with Articles 10 to 14 of Regulation (EU) No 1093/2010.’;
(10) Article 36 is amended as follows:
(a)in paragraph 1, point (d) is replaced by the following:
‘(d) for institutions calculating risk-weighted exposure amounts using the Internal Ratings Based Approach (the IRB Approach), the IRB shortfall where applicable, calculated in accordance with Article 159;’;
(b)in paragraph 1, in point (k), point (v) is deleted;
(11) in Article 46(1), in point (a), point (ii) is replaced by the following:
‘(ii) the deductions referred to in Article 36(1), points (a) to (g), points (k)(ii), (iii) and (iv) and points (l), (m) and (n), excluding the amount to be deducted for deferred tax assets that rely on future profitability and arise from temporary differences;’;
(12) in Article 48, paragraph 1 is amended as follows:
(a)in point (a), point (ii) is replaced by the following:
‘(ii) Article 36(1), points (a) to (h), points (k)(ii), (iii) and (iv) and points (l), (m) and (n), excluding deferred tax assets that rely on future profitability and arise from temporary differences.’;
(b)in point (b), point (ii) is replaced by the following:
‘(ii) Article 36(1), points (a) to (h), points (k)(ii), (iii) and (iv) and points (l), (m) and (n), excluding deferred tax assets that rely on future profitability and arise from temporary differences.’;
(13) in Article 49, paragraph 4 is replaced by the following:
‘4. The holdings in respect of which deduction is not made in accordance with paragraph 1 shall qualify as exposures and shall be risk weighted in accordance with Part Three, Title II, Chapter 2.
The holdings in respect of which deduction is not made in accordance with paragraphs 2 or 3 shall qualify as exposures and shall be risk weighted at 100 %.’;
(14) in Article 60(1), in point (a), point (ii) is replaced by the following:
‘(ii) Article 36(1), points (a) to (g), points (k)(ii), (iii) and (iv) and points (l), (m) and (n), excluding deferred tax assets that rely on future profitability and arise from temporary differences;’;
(15) in Article 62, first subparagraph, point (d) is replaced by the following:
‘(d) for institutions calculating risk-weighted exposure amounts under Chapter 3 of Title II of Part Three, the IRB excess where applicable, gross of tax effects, calculated in accordance with Article 159 up to 0,6 % of risk-weighted exposure amounts calculated under Chapter 3 of Title II of Part Three.’;
(16) in Article 70(1), in point (a), point (ii) is replaced by the following:
‘(ii) Article 36(1), points (a) to (g), points (k)(ii), (iii) and (iv) and points (l), (m) and (n), excluding the amount to be deducted for deferred tax assets that rely on future profitability and arise from temporary differences;’;
(17) in Article 72b(3), first subparagraph, the introductory phrase is replaced by the following:
‘In addition to the liabilities referred to in paragraph 2 of this Article, the resolution authority may permit liabilities to qualify as eligible liabilities instruments up to an aggregate amount that does not exceed 3,5 % of the total risk exposure amount calculated in accordance with Article 92(3), provided that:’;
(18) in Article 72i(1), in point (a), point (ii) is replaced by the following:
‘(ii) Article 36(1), points (a) to (g), points (k)(ii), (iii) and (k)(iv) and points (l), (m) and (n), excluding the amount to be deducted for deferred tax assets that rely on future profitability and arise from temporary differences;’;
(19) in Article 84(1), point (a) is replaced by the following:
‘(a)the Common Equity Tier 1 capital of the subsidiary minus the lower of the following:
(i)the amount of Common Equity Tier 1 capital of that subsidiary required to meet the following:
–where the subsidiary is an institution, the sum of the requirement laid down in Article 92(1), point (a), the requirements referred to in Articles 458 and 459 , the specific own funds requirements referred to in Article 104 of Directive 2013/36/EU, the combined buffer requirement defined in Article 128, point (6), of that Directive, or any local supervisory regulations in third countries insofar as those requirements are to be met by Common Equity Tier 1 capital, as applicable;
–where the subsidiary is an investment firm, the sum of the requirement laid down in Article 11 of Regulation (EU) 2019/2033, the specific own funds requirements referred to in Article 39(2), point (a), of Directive (EU) 2019/2034, or any local supervisory regulations in third countries, insofar as those requirements are to be met by Common Equity Tier 1 capital, as applicable;
(ii)the amount of consolidated Common Equity Tier 1 capital that relates to that subsidiary that is required on a consolidated basis to meet the sum of the requirement laid down in Article 92(1), point (a), the requirements referred to in Articles 458 and 459, the specific own funds requirements referred to in Article 104 of Directive 2013/36/EU and the combined buffer requirement defined in Article 128, point (6), of that Directive;’;
(20) in Article 85(1), point (a) is replaced by the following:
‘(a)the Tier 1 capital of the subsidiary minus the lower of the following:
(i)the amount of Tier 1 capital of the subsidiary required to meet the following:
–where the subsidiary is an institution, the sum of the requirement laid down in Article 92(1), point (b), the requirements referred to in Articles 458 and 459, the specific own funds requirements referred to in Article 104 of Directive 2013/36/EU, the combined buffer requirement defined in Article 128, point (6), of that Directive, or any local supervisory regulations in third countries insofar as those requirements are to be met by Tier 1 Capital, as applicable;
–where the subsidiary is an investment firm, the sum of the requirement laid down in Article 11 of Regulation (EU) 2019/2033, the specific own funds requirements referred to in Article 39(2), point (a), of Directive (EU) 2019/2034, or any local supervisory regulations in third countries insofar as those requirements are to be met by Tier 1 capital, as applicable;
(ii)the amount of consolidated Tier 1 capital that relates to the subsidiary that is required on a consolidated basis to meet the sum of the requirement laid down in Article 92(1), point (b), the requirements referred to in Articles 458 and 459, the specific own funds requirements referred to in Article 104 of Directive 2013/36/EU and the combined buffer requirement defined in Article 128, point (6), of that Directive;’;
(21) the following Article 88b is inserted:
‘Article 88b
Undertakings in third countries
For the purposes of this Title II, the terms ‘investment firm’ and ‘institution’ shall be understood to include also undertakings established in third countries, which, were they established in the Union, would fall under the definitions of those terms in Article 4(1), points (2) and (3).’;
(22) in Article 89, paragraph 1 is replaced by the following:
‘1. A qualifying holding, the amount of which exceeds 15 % of the eligible capital of the institution, in an undertaking which is not a financial sector entity, shall be subject to the provisions laid down in paragraph 3.’;
(23) Article 92 is amended as follows:
(a)paragraph 3 and 4 are replaced by the following:
‘3. The total risk exposure amount shall be calculated as follows:
(a)a stand-alone institution in the EU and, for the purposes of complying with the obligations of this Regulation on the basis of its consolidated situation in accordance with Part One, Title II, Chapter 2, an EU parent institution, an EU parent financial holding company and an EU parent mixed financial holding company shall calculate the total risk exposure amount as follows:
where:
TREA = the total risk exposure amount of the entity;
U-TREA = the un-floored total risk exposure amount of the entity calculated in accordance with paragraph 4;
S-TREA = the standardised total risk exposure amount of the entity calculated in accordance with paragraph 5;
x = 72,5 %;
(b)for the purposes set out in points (i) and (ii), the total risk exposure amount shall be calculated in accordance with paragraph 6:
(i)in case of a stand-alone subsidiary institution in a Member State, for the purposes of complying with obligations of this Regulation on its individual basis;
(ii)in case of a parent institution in a Member State, a parent financial holding company in a Member State or a parent mixed financial holding company in a Member State, for the purposes of complying with obligations of this Regulation on the basis of its consolidated situation;
(c)for the purposes of complying with the obligations of this Regulation on an individual basis, the total risk exposure amount of an institution which is neither a stand-alone institution in the EU nor a stand-alone subsidiary institution in a Member State shall be the un-floored total risk exposure amount calculated in accordance with paragraph 4.
4. The un-floored total risk exposure amount shall be calculated as the sum of points (a) to (f) of this paragraph after having taken into account paragraph 7:
(a)the risk-weighted exposure amounts for credit risk, including counterparty risk, and dilution risk, calculated in accordance with Title II and Article 379, in respect of all the business activities of an institution, excluding risk-weighted exposure amounts for counterparty risk from the trading book business of the institution;
(b)the own funds requirements for the trading-book business of an institution for the following:
(i)market risk, calculated in accordance with Title IV of this Part;
(ii)large exposures exceeding the limits specified in Articles 395 to 401, to the extent that an institution is permitted to exceed those limits, as determined in accordance with Part Four;
(c)the own funds requirements for market risk, calculated in accordance with Title IV of this Part for all business activities that are subject to foreign exchange risk or commodity risk;
(ca)the own funds requirements for settlement risk, calculated in accordance with Title V of this Part, with the exception of Article 379;
(d)the own funds requirements for credit valuation adjustment risk, calculated in accordance with Title VI of this Part;
(e)the own funds requirements for operational risk, calculated in accordance with Title III of this Part;
(f)the risk-weighted exposure amounts for counterparty risk arising from the trading book business of the institution for the following types of transactions and agreements, calculated in accordance with Title II of this Part:
(i)contracts listed in Annex II and credit derivatives;
(ii)repurchase transactions, securities or commodities lending or borrowing transactions based on securities or commodities;
(iii)margin lending transactions based on securities or commodities;
(iv)long settlement transactions.’;
(b)the following paragraphs 5, 6 and 7 are added:
‘5. The standardised total risk exposure amount shall be calculated as the sum of paragraph 4, points (a) to (f), after having taken into account paragraph 7 and the following requirements:
(a)the risk-weighted exposure amounts for credit risk and dilution risk referred to in paragraph 4, point (a), and for counterparty risk arising from the trading book business as referred to in point (f) of that paragraph shall be calculated without using any of the following approaches:
(i)the internal models approach for master netting agreements set out in Article 221;
(ii)the Internal Ratings Based Approach provided for in Chapter 3;
(iii)the Securitisation Internal Ratings-Based Approach (SEC-IRBA) set out in Articles 258 to 260 and the Internal Assessment Approach (IAA) set out in Article 265;
(iv)the approach set out in this Part, Title II, Chapter 6, Section 6;
(b)the own funds requirements for market risk for the trading book business referred to in paragraph 3, point (b)(i), and for all its business activities that are subject to foreign exchange risk or commodity risk referred to in point (c) of that paragraph shall be calculated without using the alternative internal model approach set out in Part Three, Title IV, Chapter 1b.
6. The total risk exposure amount of an entity ‘i’ for the purposes set out in paragraph 3, point (b), shall be calculated as follows:
where:
i = the index that denotes the entity;
TREAi = the total risk exposure amount of entity i;
U-TREAi = the un-floored total risk exposure amount of entity i calculated in accordance with paragraph 4;
DIconso = any positive difference between the total risk exposure amount and the un-floored total risk exposure amount for the consolidated situation of the EU parent institution, EU parent financial holding company or EU parent mixed financial holding company of the group that entity i is part of, calculated as follows:
where:
U-TREA = the un-floored total risk exposure amount calculated in accordance with paragraph 4 for that EU parent institution, EU parent financial holding company or EU parent mixed financial holding company on the basis of its consolidated situation;
TREA = the total risk exposure amount calculated in accordance with paragraph 3, point (a), for that EU parent institution, EU parent financial holding company or EU parent mixed financial holding company on the basis of its consolidated situation.
Contribconsoi = the contribution of entity i, calculated as follows:
where:
j = the index that denotes all entities that are part of the same group as entity i for the consolidated situation of the EU parent institution, EU parent financial holding company or EU parent mixed financial holding company;
U-TREAj = the un-floored total risk exposure amount calculated by entity j in accordance with paragraph 4 on the basis of its consolidated situation or, in case entity j is a stand-alone subsidiary institution in a Member State, on its individual basis;
F-TREAj = the floored total risk exposure amount of entity j calculated on the basis of its consolidated situation as follows:
where:
= the floored total risk exposure amount calculated by entity j on the basis of its consolidated situation or, in case entity j is a stand-alone subsidiary institution in a Member State, for its individual basis;
= the standardised total risk exposure amount calculated in accordance with paragraph 5 by entity j on the basis of its consolidated situation or, in case entity j is a stand-alone subsidiary institution in a Member State, for its individual basis;
x = 72,5 %.
7. The following provisions shall apply to the calculations of the total un-floored risk exposure amount referred to in paragraph 4 and of the standardised risk exposure amount referred to in paragraph 5:
(a)the own funds requirements referred to in paragraph 4, points (c), (ca), (d) and (e), shall include those arising from all the business activities of an institution;
(b)institutions shall multiply the own funds requirements set out in paragraph 4, points (b) to (e), by 12,5.’;
(24) in Article 92a(1), point (a) is replaced by the following:
‘(a) a risk-based ratio of 18 %, representing the own funds and eligible liabilities of the institution expressed as a percentage of the total risk exposure amount calculated in accordance with Article 92(3);’;
(25) in Article 102, paragraph 4 is replaced by the following:
‘4. For the purposes of calculating the own fund requirements for market risk in accordance with the approach referred to in Article 325(1), point (b), trading book positions shall be assigned to trading desks established in accordance with Article 104b.’;
(26) Article 104 is replaced by the following:
‘Article 104
Inclusion in the trading book
1. An institution shall have in place clearly defined policies and procedures for determining which positions to include in the trading book to calculate its own fund requirements, in accordance with Article 102 and this Article, taking into account the institution's risk management capabilities and practices. The institution shall fully document its compliance with those policies and procedures, shall subject them to an internal audit on at least a yearly basis and shall make the results of that audit available to the competent authorities.
2. Institutions shall assign positions in the following instruments to the trading book:
(a)instruments that meet the criteria, set out in Article 325, paragraphs 6, 7 and 8, for the inclusion in the alternative correlation trading portfolio ('ACTP');
(b)instruments that would give rise to a net short credit or equity position in the non-trading book, with the exception of the own liabilities of the institution, unless such positions meet the criteria referred to in paragraph 2, point (e);
(c)instruments resulting from securities underwriting commitments, where those underwriting commitments relate only to securities that are expected to be actually purchased by the institution on the settlement date;
(d)financial assets or liabilities classified unambiguously as having a trading purpose under the accounting framework applicable to the institution;
(e)instruments resulting from market-making activities;
(f)collective investment undertakings held with trading intent, provided that those collective investment undertakings meet at least one of the conditions specified in paragraph 7;
(g)listed equities;
(h)trading-related securities financing transactions;
(i)options, or other derivatives, embedded in the own liabilities of the institution or from other instruments in the non-trading book that relate to credit or equity risk.
For the purposes of point (b), an institution shall have a net short equity position where a decrease in the equity’s price results in a profit for the institution. An institution shall have a net short credit position where the credit spread increase or deterioration in the creditworthiness of the issuer or group of issuers results in a profit for the institution. Institutions shall continuously monitor where instruments give rise to a net short credit or equity position in the non-trading book.
For the purposes of point (i), an institution shall split the embedded option from its own liability or from the other instrument in the non-trading book that relate to credit or equity risk and shall assign, the own liability or the other instrument to the trading or to the non-trading book, as appropriate, in accordance with this Article.
3. Institutions shall not assign positions in the following instruments to the trading book:
(a)instruments designated for securitisation warehousing;
(b)real estate holdings-related instruments;
(c)unlisted equities;
(d)retail and SME credit-related instruments;
(e)other collective investment undertakings than the ones specified in paragraph 2, point (f);
(f)derivative contracts and collective investment undertakings with one or more of the underlying instruments referred to in points (a) to (d);
(g)instruments held for hedging a particular risk of one or more positions in an instrument referred to in points (a) to (f);
(h)own liabilities of the institution, unless such instruments meet the criteria referred to in paragraph 2, point (e).
4. By way of derogation from paragraph 2, an institution may assign to the non-trading book a position in an instrument referred to in points (d) to (i) of that paragraph, subject to the approval from its competent authority. The competent authority shall give its approval where the institution has proven to the authority’s satisfaction that the position is not held with trading intent or does not hedge positions held with trading intent.
5. Where an institution has assigned to the trading book a position in an instrument other than the instruments referred to in paragraph 2, points (a), (b) or (c), the institution’s competent authority may ask the institution to provide evidence to justify such assignment. Where the institution fails to provide suitable evidence, its competent authority may require the institution to reallocate that position to the non-trading book.
6. Where an institution has assigned to the non-trading book a position in an instrument other than the instruments referred to in paragraph 3, the institution’s competent authority may ask the institution to provide evidence to justify such assignment. Where the institution fails to provide suitable evidence, its competent authority may require the institution to reallocate that position to the trading book.
7. An institution shall assign to the trading book a position in a collective investment undertaking that is held with trading intent and where the institution meets one of the following conditions:
(a)the institution is able to obtain sufficient information about the individual underlying exposures of the CIU;
(b)the institution is not able to obtain sufficient information about the individual underlying exposures of the CIU, but the institution has knowledge of the content of the mandate of the CIU and is able to obtain daily price quotes for the CIU.
8. EBA shall develop draft regulatory technical standards to further specify the process that institutions shall use to calculate and monitor net short credit or equity positions in the non-trading book referred to in the paragraph 2, point (b).
EBA shall submit those draft regulatory technical standards to the Commission by [OP please insert date = 24 months after the entry into force of this Regulation].
Power is delegated to the Commission to supplement this Regulation by adopting the regulatory technical standards referred to in the first subparagraph in accordance with Articles 10 to 14 of Regulation (EU) No 1093/2010.’;
(27) Article 104a is amended as follows:
(a)in paragraph 1, the second subparagraph is replaced by the following:
‘EBA shall monitor the range of supervisory practices and shall issue by 28 June 2024 guidelines on what exceptional circumstances entail for the purposes of the first subparagraph and of paragraph 5. Those guidelines shall be adopted in accordance with Article 16 of Regulation (EU) No 1093/2010. Until EBA issues those guidelines, competent authorities shall notify EBA of, and shall provide a rationale for, their decisions on whether or not to permit an institution to reclassify a position as referred to in paragraph 2 of this Article.’;
(b)paragraph 5 is replaced by the following:
‘5. The reclassification of a position in accordance with this Article shall be irrevocable, except in the exceptional circumstances referred to in paragraph 1.’;
(c)the following paragraph 6 is added:
‘6. By way of derogation from paragraph 1, an institution may reclassify a non-trading book position as a trading book position in accordance with Article 104(2), point (d), without seeking permission from its competent authority. In such case, the requirements laid down in paragraphs 3 and 4 shall continue to apply to the institution. The institution shall immediately notify its competent authority where such reclassification has occurred.’;
(28) Article 104b is amended as follows:
(a)paragraph 1 is replaced by the following:
‘1. For the purposes of calculating the own funds requirements for market risk in accordance with the approach referred to in Article 325(1), point (b), institutions shall establish trading desks and shall assign each of their trading book positions and their non-trading book positions referred to in paragraphs 5 and 6 to one of those trading desks. Trading book positions shall be attributed to the same trading desk only where those positions are in compliance with the agreed business strategy for that trading desk and are consistently managed and monitored in accordance with paragraph 2 of this Article.’;
(b)the following paragraphs 5 and 6 are added:
‘5. To calculate their own funds requirements for market risk, institutions shall assign each of their non-trading book positions that are subject to foreign exchange risk or commodity risk to trading desks established in accordance with paragraph 1 that manage risks that are similar to those positions.
6. By way of derogation from paragraph 5, institutions may, when calculating their own funds requirements for market risk, establish one or more trading desks to which they assign exclusively non-trading book positions subject to foreign exchange risk or commodity risk. Those trading desks shall not be subject to the requirements set out in paragraphs 1, 2 and 3.’;
(29) the following Article 104c is inserted:
‘Article 104c
Treatment of foreign exchange risk hedges of capital ratios
1. An institution which has deliberately taken a risk position in order to hedge, at least partially, against adverse movements in foreign exchange rates on any of its capital ratios as referred to in Article 92(1), points (a), (b) and (c), may, subject to permission of the competent authorities, exclude that risk position from the own funds requirements for foreign exchange risk set out in Article 325(1), provided that all of the following conditions are met:
(a)the maximum amount of the risk position that is excluded from the own funds requirements for market risk is limited to the amount of the risk position that neutralises the sensitivity of any of the capital ratios to the adverse movements in foreign exchange rates;
(b)the risk position is excluded from the own funds requirements for market risk for at least 6 months;
(c)the institution has established an appropriate risk management framework for hedging the adverse movements in foreign exchange rates on any of its capital ratios, including a clear hedging strategy and governance structure;
(d)the institution has provided to the competent authorities a justification for excluding a risk position from the own funds requirements for market risk, the details of that risk position and the amount to be excluded from the own funds requirements for market risk.
2. Any exclusion of risk positions from the own funds requirements for market risk in accordance with paragraph 1 shall be applied consistently.
3. The competent authorities shall approve any changes by the institution to the risk management framework referred to in paragraph 1, point (c), and to the details of the risk positions referred to in paragraph 1, point (d).
4. EBA shall develop draft regulatory technical standards to specify:
(a)the risk positions that an institution can deliberately take in order to hedge, at least partially, against the adverse movements of foreign exchange rates on any of an institution’s capital ratios referred to paragraph 1, first subparagraph;
(b)how to determine the maximum amount referred to in paragraph 1, point (a), and the manner in which an institution shall exclude this amount for each of the approaches set out in Article 325(1);
(c)the criteria that shall be met by an institution’s risk management framework referred to in paragraph 1, point(c), in order to be considered appropriate for the purpose of this Article.
EBA shall submit those draft regulatory technical standards to the Commission by [OP please insert the date = 2 years after the entry into force of this Regulation].
Power is delegated to the Commission to adopt the regulatory technical standards referred to in the first subparagraph in accordance with Articles 10 to 14 of Regulation (EU) No 1093/2010.’;
(30) Article 106 is amended as follows:
(a)in paragraph 3, the last subparagraph is replaced by the following:
‘Both an internal hedge recognised in accordance with the first subparagraph and the credit derivative entered into with the third party shall be included in the trading book to calculate the own funds requirements for market risk. To calculate the own funds requirements for market risk using the approach set out in Article 325(1), point (b), both positions shall be assigned to the same trading desk established in accordance to Article 104b(1) that manages similar risks.’
(b)in paragraph 4, the last subparagraph is replaced by the following:
‘Both an internal hedge recognised in accordance with the first subparagraph and the equity derivative entered into with the eligible third party protection provider shall be included in the trading book for the purposes of calculating the own funds requirements for market risk. For the purposes of calculating the own funds requirements for market risks using the approach set out in Article 325(1), point (b) both positions shall be assigned to the same trading desk established in accordance to Article 104b(1) that manages similar risks.’
(c)paragraph 5 is replaced by the following:
‘5. Where an institution hedges non-trading book interest rate risk exposures using an interest rate risk position booked in its trading book, that interest rate risk position shall be considered to be an internal hedge to assess the interest rate risk arising from non-trading positions in accordance with Articles 84 and 98 of Directive 2013/36/EU where the following conditions are met:
(a)to calculate the own funds requirements for market risk using the approaches referred to in Article 325(1), points (a), (b) and (c), the interest rate risk position has been assigned to a separate portfolio from the other trading book positions, the business strategy of which is solely dedicated to manage and mitigate the market risk of internal hedges of interest rate risk exposure; for that purpose;
(b)for the purposes of calculating the own funds requirements for market risk using the approaches referred to in Article 325(1), point (b), the position has been assigned to a trading desk established in accordance with Article 104b the business strategy of which is solely dedicated to manage and mitigate the market risk of internal hedges of interest rate risk exposure;
(c)the institution has fully documented how the position mitigates the interest rate risk arising from non-trading book positions for the purposes of the requirements laid down in Articles 84 and 98 of Directive 2013/36/EU.’;
(d)the following paragraphs 5a and 5b are inserted:
‘5a. For the purposes of paragraph 5, point (a), the institution may assign to that portfolio other interest rate risk positions entered into with third parties, or with its own trading book, as long as the institution perfectly offsets the market risk of those interest rate risk positions entered into with its own trading book by entering into opposite interest rate risk positions with third parties.
5b. The following requirements apply to the trading desk referred to in paragraph 5, point (b):
(a)that trading desk may include other interest rate risk positions entered into with third parties or with other trading desks of the institution, as long as those positions meet the requirements for inclusion in the trading book referred to in Article 104 and those other trading desks perfectly offset the market risk of those other interest rate risk positions by entering into opposite interest rate risk positions with third parties;
(b)no trading book positions other than those referred to in point (a) are assigned to that trading desk;
(c)by way of derogation from Article 104b, that trading desk shall not be subject to the requirements set out in paragraphs 1, 2 and 3 of that Article.
(e)paragraphs 6 and 7 are replaced by the following:
‘6. The own funds requirements for the market risk of all the positions assigned to the separate portfolio referred to in paragraph 5, point (a), or to the trading desk referred to in point (b) of that paragraph, shall be calculated on a stand-alone basis, in addition to the own funds requirements for the other trading book positions.
7. Where an institution hedges a CVA risk exposure using a derivative instrument entered into with its trading book, the position in that derivative instrument shall be recognised as an internal hedge for the CVA risk exposure for the purpose of calculating the own funds requirements for CVA risks in accordance with the approaches set out in Articles 383 or 384, where the following conditions are met:
(a)the derivative position is recognised as an eligible hedge in accordance with Article 386;
(b)where the derivative position is subject to any of the requirements set out in Article 325c(2), points (b) or (c), or in Article 325e(1), point (c), the institution perfectly offsets the market risk of that derivative position by entering into opposite positions with third parties;
The opposite trading book position of the internal hedge recognised in accordance with the first subparagraph shall be included in the institution’s trading book to calculate the own funds requirements for market risk.’
(31) in Article 107, paragraphs 1, 2 and 3 are replaced by the following:
‘1. Institutions shall apply either the Standardised Approach provided for in Chapter 2 or, where permitted by the competent authorities in accordance with Article 143, the Internal Ratings Based Approach provided for in Chapter 3 to calculate their risk-weighted exposure amounts for the purposes of Article 92(4), points (a) and (f).
2. For trade exposures and for default fund contributions to a central counterparty, institutions shall apply the treatment set out in Chapter 6, Section 9 to calculate their risk-weighted exposure amounts for the purposes of Article 92(4), points (a) and (f). For all other types of exposures to a central counterparty, institutions shall treat those exposures as follows:
(a)as exposures to an institution for other types of exposures to a qualifying CCP;
(b)as exposures to a corporate for other types of exposures to a non- qualifying CCP.
3. For the purposes of this Regulation, exposures to third country investment firms and exposures to third country credit institutions and exposures to third country clearing houses and exchanges, as well as exposures to third country financial institutions authorised and supervised by third country authorities and subject to prudential requirements comparable to those applied to institutions in terms of robustness, shall be treated as exposures to an institution only if the third country applies prudential and supervisory requirements to that entity that are at least equivalent to those applied in the Union.”’;
(32) Article 108 is replaced by the following:
‘Article 108
Use of credit risk mitigation techniques under the Standardised Approach and the IRB Approach for credit risk and dilution risk
1. For an exposure to which an institution applies the Standardised Approach under Chapter 2 or applies the IRB Approach under Chapter 3 but without using its own estimates of loss given default (LGD) under Article 143, the institution may take into account the effect of FCP in accordance with Chapter 4 in the calculation of risk-weighted exposure amounts for the purposes of Article 92(4) points (a) and (f) or, where relevant, expected loss (EL) amounts for the purposes of the calculation referred to in Article 36(1) point (d) and Article 62 point (c).
2. For an exposure to which an institution applies the IRB Approach by using its own estimates of LGD under Article 143, the institution may take into account the effect of FCP in risk-weighted exposure amounts and expected loss amounts in accordance with Chapter 3.
2a. Where an institution applies the IRB Approach by using its own estimates of LGD under Article 143 for both the original exposure and for comparable direct exposures to the protection provider, the institution may take into account the effect of UFCP in risk-weighted exposure amounts and expected loss amounts in accordance with Chapter 3. In all other cases, the institution may take into account the effect of UFCP in risk-weighted exposure amounts and expected loss amounts in accordance with Chapter 4.
3. Subject to the conditions set out in paragraph 4, retail loans may be regarded as exposures secured by a mortgage on residential property, instead of being treated as guaranteed exposures, for the purposes of Part three, Title II, Chapters 2, 3 and 4 as applicable, where in a Member State the following conditions for those retail loans have been fulfilled:
(a)the majority of loans to natural persons for the purchase of residential properties in that Member State are not provided as mortgages in legal form;
(b)the majority of loans to individuals for the purchase of residential properties in that Member State are guaranteed by a guarantor with a credit assessment by an nominated ECAI corresponding to a credit quality step of 1 or 2, that is required to repay the institution in full where the original borrower defaults;
(c)the institution has the legal right to take a mortgage on the residential property in the event that the guarantor referred to in point (b) fails.
Competent authorities shall inform EBA where the conditions referred in points (a), (b) and (c) are met in the national territories of their jurisdictions, and shall provide the names of guarantors eligible to that treatment which fulfil the conditions of this paragraph and paragraph 4.
EBA shall publish the list of all such eligible guarantors on its website and update that list yearly.
4. For the purposes of paragraph 3, loans referred to in that paragraph may be treated as exposures secured by a mortgage on residential property, instead of being treated as guaranteed exposures, where all of the following conditions are met:
(a)for an exposure that is treated under the Standardised Approach the exposure meets all of the requirements to be assigned to the Standardised Approach ‘exposures secured by mortgages on immovable property’ exposure class pursuant to Articles 124 and 125 with the exception that the institution granting the loan does not hold a mortgage over the residential property;
(b)for an exposure that is treated under the IRB Approach, the exposure meets all of the requirements to be assigned to the IRB exposure class ‘retail exposures secured by residential property’ referred to in Article 147(2), (d)(ii), with the exception that the institution granting the loan does not hold a mortgage over the property;
(c)there is no mortgage lien on the residential property when the loan is granted and the borrower is contractually committed not to grant any mortgage lien without the consent of the institution that originally granted the loan;
(d)the guarantor is an eligible protection provider as referred to in Article 201, and the guarantor has a credit assessment by an ECAI corresponding to a credit quality step of 1 or 2;
(e)the guarantor is an institution or a financial sector entity subject to capital requirements at least equivalent to those applicable to institutions or insurance undertakings;
(f)the guarantor has established a fully-funded mutual guarantee fund or equivalent protection for insurance undertakings to absorb credit risk losses, the calibration of which is periodically reviewed by its competent authority and is subject to yearly stress testing;
(g)the institution is contractually and legally allowed to take a mortgage on the residential property in the event that the guarantor fails;
(h)the institution that decides to exercise the option provided for in paragraph 3 for a given eligible guarantor under the mechanism referred to in paragraph 3, shall do so for all its retail exposures guaranteed by that guarantor under that mechanism.’;
(33) the following Article 110a is inserted:
‘Article 110a
Monitoring of contractual arrangements that are not commitments
‘Institutions shall monitor contractual arrangements that meet all the conditions specified in Article 5, point (9), second subparagraph, points (a) to (e), and shall document to the satisfaction of their competent authorities their compliance with all those conditions.’;
(34) Article 111 is replaced by the following:
‘Article 111
Exposure value
‘1. The exposure value of an asset item shall be its accounting value remaining after specific credit risk adjustments in accordance with Article 110, additional value adjustments in accordance with Article 34 related to the non-trading book business of the institution, amounts deducted in accordance with Article 36(1), point (m), and other own funds reductions related to the asset item have been applied.
2. The exposure value of an off-balance sheet item listed in Annex I shall be the following percentage of the item’s nominal value after the deduction of specific credit risk adjustments in accordance with Article 110 and amounts deducted in accordance with Article 36(1), point (m):
(a)100 % for items in bucket 1;
(b)50 % for items in bucket 2;
(c)40 % for items in bucket 3;
(d)20 % for items in bucket 4;
(e)10 % for items in bucket 5.
3. The exposure value of a commitment on an off-balance sheet item as referred to in paragraph 2 shall be the lower of the following percentages of the commitment’s nominal value after the deduction of specific credit risk adjustments and amounts deducted in accordance with Article 36(1), point (m):
(a)the percentage referred to in paragraph 2 that is applicable to the item on which the commitment is made;
(b)the percentage referred to in paragraph 2 that is applicable to the type of commitment.
4. For contractual arrangements offered by an institution, but not yet accepted by the client, that would become commitments if accepted by the client, and contractual arrangements that would qualify as commitments but meet the conditions for not being treated as commitments, the percentage applicable to that type of contractual arrangement shall be that provided for in accordance with paragraph 2.
5. Where an institution is using the Financial Collateral Comprehensive Method referred to in Article 223, the exposure value of securities or commodities sold, posted or lent under a repurchase transaction or under a securities or commodities lending or borrowing transaction, and of margin lending transactions shall be increased by the volatility adjustment appropriate to such securities or commodities in accordance with Articles 223 and 224.
6. The exposure value of a derivative instrument listed in Annex II shall be determined in accordance with Chapter 6, taking into account the effects of contracts of novation and other netting agreements as specified in that Chapter. The exposure value of repurchase transactions, securities or commodities lending or borrowing transactions, long settlement transactions and margin lending transactions may be determined in accordance with either Chapter 4 or Chapter 6.
7. Where the exposure is covered by a funded credit protection, the exposure value may be amended in accordance with Chapter 4.
8. EBA shall develop draft regulatory technical standards to specify:
(a)the criteria that institutions shall use to assign off-balance sheet items, with the exception of items already included in Annex I, to the buckets 1 to 5 referred to in Annex I;
(b)the factors that may constrain the institutions’ ability to cancel the unconditionally cancellable commitments referred to in Annex I;
(c)the process for notifying EBA about the institutions’ classification of other off-balance sheet items carrying similar risks as those referred to in Annex I.
EBA shall submit those draft regulatory technical standards to the Commission by [OP please insert the date = 1 year after the entry into force of this Regulation].
Power is delegated to the Commission to supplement this Regulation by adopting the regulatory technical standards referred to in the first subparagraph in accordance with Articles 10 to 14 of Regulation (EU) No 1093/2010.’;
(35) in Article 112, point (k) is replaced by the following:
‘(k) subordinated debt exposures;’;
(36) Article 113 is amended as follows :
(a)paragraph 1 is replaced by the following:
‘1. To calculate risk-weighted exposure amounts, risk weights shall be applied to all exposures, unless those exposures have been deducted from own funds, in accordance with Section 2, based on the exposure class to which those exposures are assigned and, to the extent specified in Section 2, based on the credit quality of those exposure. Credit quality may be determined by reference to the credit assessments of ECAIs or the credit assessments of export credit agencies in accordance with Section 3. With the exception of exposures assigned to the exposure classes laid down in Article 112, point (a), (b), (c) and (e), where the assessment in accordance with Article 79, point (b) of Directive 2013/36/EU reflects higher risk characteristics than those implied by the credit assessment of the nominated ECAI or export credit agency, the institution shall assign a risk weight at least one credit quality step higher than the risk weight implied by the credit assessment of the nominated ECAI or export credit agency.’;
(b)paragraph 3 is replaced by the following:
‘3. Where an exposure is subject to credit protection, the exposure value or the applicable risk weight to that exposure, as appropriate, may be amended in accordance with this Chapter and Chapter 4.’;
(37) in Article 119, paragraphs 2 and 3 are deleted;
(38) in Article 120, paragraphs 1 and 2 are replaced by the following:
‘1. Exposures for which a credit assessment by a nominated ECAI is available shall be assigned a risk weight in accordance with Table 3 which corresponds to the credit assessment of the ECAI in accordance with Article 136.
Table 3
| Credit quality step | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 |
| Risk weight | 20 % | 30 % | 50 % | 100 % | 100 % | 150 % |
2. Exposures with an original maturity of three months or less for which a credit assessment by a nominated ECAI is available and exposures which arise from the movement of goods across national borders with an original maturity of six months or less and for which a credit assessment by a nominated ECAI is available, shall be assigned a risk weight in accordance with Table 4 which corresponds to the credit assessment of the ECAI in accordance with Article 136.
Table 4
| Credit quality step | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 |
| Risk weight | 20 % | 20 % | 20 % | 50 % | 50 % | 150 % |
(39) Article 121 is replaced by the following:
‘Article 121
Exposures to unrated institutions
1. Exposures to institutions for which a credit assessment by a nominated ECAI is not available shall be assigned to one of the following grades:
(a)where all of the following conditions are met, exposures to institutions shall be assigned to Grade A:
(i)the institution has adequate capacity to meet its financial commitments, including repayments of principal and interest, in a timely manner, for the projected life of the assets or exposures and irrespective of the economic cycles and business conditions;
(ii)the institution meets or exceeds the requirement laid down in Article 92(1), the specific own funds requirements referred to in Article 104a of Directive 2013/36/EU, the combined buffer requirement defined in Article 128, point (6), of Directive 2013/36/EU and any equivalent or additional local supervisory or regulatory requirements in third countries, insofar as those requirements are published and are to be met by Common Equity Tier 1 capital, Tier 1 capital or own funds;
(iii)information about the requirements referred to in point (ii) is publicly disclosed or otherwise made available;
(iv)the assessment in accordance with Article 79 of Directive 2013/36/EU has not revealed that the institution does not meet the conditions set out in points (i) and (ii);
(b)where all of the following conditions are met and at least one of the conditions in point (a) is not met, exposures to institutions shall be assigned to Grade B:
(i)the institution is subject to substantial credit risk, including repayment capacities that are dependent on stable or favorable economic or business conditions;
(ii)the institution meets or exceeds the requirement laid down in Article 92(1), the requirements referred to in Articles 458 and 459, the specific own funds requirements referred to in Article 104a of Directive 2013/36/EU and any equivalent or additional local supervisory or regulatory requirements insofar as those requirements are published and are to be met by Common Equity Tier 1 capital, Tier 1 capital and own funds;
(iii)information about the requirements referred to in point (ii) is publicly disclosed or otherwise made available;
(iv)the assessment performed in accordance with Article 79 of Directive 2013/36/EU has not revealed that the institution does not meet the conditions set out in points (i) and (ii).
For the purposes of point (ii), equivalent or additional local supervisory or regulatory requirements shall not include capital buffers equivalent to those defined in Article 128 of Directive 2013/36/EU.
(c)where the conditions for assignment to Grade A or Grade B are not met, or where any of the following conditions is met, exposures to institutions shall be assigned to Grade C:
(i)the institution has material default risks and limited margins of safety;
(ii)adverse business, financial, or economic conditions are very likely to lead, or have led, to the institution’s inability to meet its financial commitments;
(iii)where audited financial statements are required by law for the institution, the external auditor has issued an adverse audit opinion or has expressed substantial doubt in its financial statements or audited reports within the previous 12 months about the institution’s ability to continue as a going concern institution.
2. Exposures assigned to Grade A, B or C in accordance with paragraph 1 shall be assigned a risk weight as follows:
(a)exposures assigned to Grade A, B or C which meet any of the following conditions shall be assigned a risk weight for short-term exposures in accordance with Table 5:
(i)the exposure has an original maturity of three months or less;
(ii)the exposure has an original maturity of six months or less and arises from the movement of goods across national borders.
(b)exposures assigned to Grade A which are not short-term shall be assigned a risk weight of 30 % where all of the following conditions are met:
(i)the exposure does not meet any of the conditions laid down in point (a);
(ii)the institution’s Common Equity Tier 1 capital ratio is equal to or higher than 14 %;
(iii)the institution’s leverage ratio is higher than 5 %.
(c)exposures assigned to Grade A, B or C that do not meet the conditions in point (a) or (b) shall be assigned a risk weight in accordance with the Table 5.
Where an exposure to an institution is not denominated in the domestic currency of the jurisdiction of incorporation of that institution, or where that institution has booked the credit obligation in a branch in a different jurisdiction and the exposure is not in the domestic currency of the jurisdiction in which the branch operates, the risk weight assigned in accordance with points (a), (b) or (c), as applicable, to exposures other than those with a maturity of one year or less stemming from self-liquidating, trade-related contingent items that arise from the movement of goods across national borders shall not be lower than the risk weight of an exposure to the central government of the country where the institution is incorporated.
Table 5
| Credit risk assessment | Grade A | Grade B | Grade C |
| Risk weight for short-term exposures | 20 % | 50 % | 75 % |
| Risk weight | 40 % | 75 % | 150 % |
’;
(40) Article 122 is amended as follows:
(a)in paragraph 1, Table 6 is replaced by the following:
‘Table 6
| Credit quality step | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 |
| Risk weight | 20 % | 50 % | 75 % | 100 % | 150 % | 150 % |
’;
(b)paragraph 2 is replaced by the following:
‘Exposures for which such a credit assessment is not available shall be assigned a risk weight of 100 %.’;
(41) the following Article 122a is inserted:
‘Article 122a
Specialised lending exposures
1. Within the corporate exposure class laid down in Article 112, point (g), institutions shall separately identify as specialised lending exposures, exposures with all the following characteristics:
(a)the exposure is to an entity which was created specifically to finance or operate physical assets or is an exposure that is economically comparable to such an exposure;
(b)the exposure is not secured by immovable property or otherwise related to the financing of real estate ;
(c)the contractual arrangements governing the obligation related to the exposure give the institution a substantial degree of control over the assets and the income that they generate;
(d)the primary source of repayment of the obligation related to the exposure is the income generated by the assets being financed, rather than the independent capacity of a broader commercial enterprise.
2. Specialised lending exposures for which a directly applicable credit assessment by a nominated ECAI is available shall be assigned a risk weight in accordance with Table 6aa:
Table 6aa
| Credit quality Step | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 |
| Risk Weight | 20 % | 50 % | 75 % | 100 % | 150 % |
3. Specialised lending exposures for which a directly applicable credit assessment is not available shall be risk weighted as follows:
(a)where the purpose of a specialised lending exposure is to finance the acquisition of physical assets, including ships, aircraft, satellites, railcars, and fleets, and the income to be generated by those assets comes in the form of cash flows generated by the specific physical assets that have been financed and pledged or assigned to the lender by one or several third parties (‘object finance exposures’), institutions shall apply the following risk weights:
(i)80 % where the exposure is deemed to be high quality when taking into account all of the following criteria:
–the obligor can meet its financial obligations even under severely stressed conditions due to the presence of all of the following features:
·adequate exposure-to-value of the exposure;
·conservative repayment profile of the exposure;
·commensurate remaining lifetime of the assets upon full pay-out of the exposure or alternatively recourse to a protection provider with high creditworthiness;
·low refinancing risk of the exposure by the obligor or that risk is adequately mitigated by a commensurate residual asset value or recourse to a protection provider with high creditworthiness;
·the obligor has contractual restrictions over its activity and funding structure;
·the obligor uses derivatives only for risk-mitigation purposes;
·material operating risks are properly managed;
–the contractual arrangements on the assets provide lenders with a high degree of protection including the following features:
·the lenders have a legally enforceable first-ranking right over the assets financed, and, where applicable, over the income that they generate;
·there are contractual restrictions on the ability of the obligor to change anything to the asset which would have a negative impact on its value;
·where the asset is under construction, the lenders have a legally enforceable first-ranking right over the assets and the underlying construction contracts;
–the assets being financed meet all of the following standards to operate in a sound and effective manner:
·the technology and design of the asset are tested;
·all necessary permits and authorisations for the operation of the assets have been obtained;
·where the asset is under construction, the obligor has adequate safeguards on the agreed specifications, budget and completion date of the asset, including strong completion guarantees or the involvement of an experienced constructor and adequate contract provisions for liquidated damages;
(ii)100 % where the exposure is not deemed to be high quality as referred to in point (i);
(b)where the purpose of a specialised lending exposure is to provide for short-term financing of reserves, inventories or receivables of exchange-traded commodities, including crude oil, metals, or crops, and the income to be generated by those reserves, inventories or receivables is to be the proceeds from the sale of the commodity (‘commodities finance exposures’), institutions shall apply a risk weight of 100 %;
(c)where the purpose of a specialised lending exposure is to finance a project for the development or acquisition of large, complex and expensive installations, including power plants, chemical processing plants, mines, transportation infrastructure, environment, and telecommunications infrastructure, and the income to be generated by the project is the money generated by the contracts for the output of the installation obtained from one or several parties which are not under management control of the sponsor (‘project finance exposures’), institutions shall apply the following risk weights:
(i)130 % where the project to which the exposure is related is in the pre-operational phase;
(ii)provided that the adjustment to own funds requirements for credit risk referred to in Article 501a is not applied, 80 % where the project to which the exposure is related is in the operational phase and the exposure meets all of the following criteria:
–there are contractual restrictions on the ability of the obligor to perform activities that may be detrimental to lenders, including the restriction that new debt cannot be issued without the consent of existing debt providers;
–the obligor has sufficient reserve funds fully funded in cash, or other financial arrangements, with highly rated guarantors to cover the contingency funding and working capital requirements over the lifetime of the project being financed;
–the obligor generates cash flows that are predictable and cover all future loan repayments;
–the source of repayment of the obligation depends on one main counterparty and that main counterparty is one of the following:
·a central bank, a central government, a regional government or a local authority, provided that they are assigned a risk weight of 0 % in accordance with Articles 114 and 115, or are assigned an ECAI rating with a credit quality step of at least 3;
·a public sector entity, provided that that entity is assigned a risk weight of 20 % or below in accordance with Article 116, or is assigned an ECAI rating with a credit quality step of at least 3;
·a corporate entity which has been assigned an ECAI rating with a credit quality step of at least 3.
–the contractual provisions governing the exposure to the obligor provide for a high degree of protection for the lending institution in case of a default of the obligor;
–the contractual arrangements effectively protect the lending institution against losses resulting from the termination of the project;
–all assets and contracts necessary to operate the project have been pledged to the lending institution to the extent permitted by applicable law;
–equity is pledged to the lending institution such that they are able to take control of the obligor entity upon default;
(iii)100 % where the project to which the exposure is related is in the operational phase and the exposure does not meet the conditions laid down in point (ii) of this subparagraph;
(d)for the purposes of point (c)(ii), third indent, the cash flows generated shall not be considered predictable unless a substantial part of the revenues satisfies one or more of the following conditions:
(i)the revenues are availability-based;
(ii)the revenues are subject to a rate-of-return regulation;
(iii)the revenues are subject to a take-or-pay contract;
(e)for the purposes of point (c), the operational phase shall mean the phase in which the entity that was specifically created to finance the project meets both of the following conditions:
(i)the entity has a positive net cash flow that is sufficient to cover any remaining contractual obligation;
(ii)the entity has a declining long term debt.
4. EBA shall develop draft regulatory technical standards specifying in further detail the conditions under which the criteria set out in paragraph 3, point (a)(i) and point (c)(ii), are met.
EBA shall submit those draft regulatory technical standards to the Commission by [OP please insert the date = 1 year after the date of entry into force of this Regulation].
Power is delegated to the Commission to adopt the regulatory technical standards referred to in the first subparagraph in accordance with Articles 10 to 14 of Regulation (EU) No 1093/2010.’;
(42) Article 123 is replaced by the following:
‘Article 123
Retail exposures
1. Exposures that comply with all of the following criteria shall be considered retail exposures:
(a)the exposure is either of the following:
(i)an exposure to one or more natural persons;
(ii)an exposure to an SME within the meaning of Article 5, point (8), where the total amount owed to the institution, its parent undertakings and its subsidiaries, by the obligor or group of connected clients, including any exposure in default but excluding exposures secured by residential property up to the property value shall not, to the knowledge of the institution, which shall take reasonable steps to confirm the situation, exceed EUR 1 million;
(b)the exposure represents one of a significant number of exposures with similar characteristics, such that the risks associated with such exposure are substantially reduced;
(c)the institution concerned treats the exposure in its risk management framework and manages the exposure internally as retail exposure consistently over time and in a manner that is similar to the treatment by the institution of other retail exposures.
The present value of retail minimum lease payments shall be eligible for the retail exposure class.
EBA shall issue guidelines, in accordance with Article 16 of Regulation (EU) No 1093/2010, to specify proportionate diversification methods under which an exposure is to be considered as one of a significant number of similar exposures as specified in point (b), by [OP please insert the date = 1 year after entry into force of this Regulation].
2. The following exposures shall not be considered to be retail exposures:
(a)non-debt exposures conveying a subordinated, residual claim on the assets or income of the issuer;
(b)debt exposures and other securities, partnerships, derivatives, or other vehicles, the economic substance of which is similar to the exposures specified in point (a);
(c)all other exposures in the form of securities.
3. Retail exposures as referred to in paragraph 1 shall be assigned a risk weight of 75 %, with the exception of transactor exposures, which shall be assigned a risk weight of 45 %.
4. By way of derogation from paragraph 3, exposures due to loans granted by an institution to pensioners or employees with a permanent contract against the unconditional transfer of part of the borrower’s pension or salary to that institution shall be assigned a risk weight of 35 %, provided that all the following conditions are met:
(a)to repay the loan, the borrower unconditionally authorises the pension fund or employer to make direct payments to the institution by deducting the monthly payments on the loan from the borrower’s monthly pension or salary;
(b)the risks of death, inability to work, unemployment or reduction of the net monthly pension or salary of the borrower are properly covered through an insurance policy to the benefit of the institution;
(c)the monthly payments to be made by the borrower on all loans that meet the conditions set out in points (a) and (b) do not in aggregate exceed 20 % of the borrower’s net monthly pension or salary;
(d)the maximum original maturity of the loan is equal to or less than ten years.’;
(43) the following Article 123a is inserted:
‘Article 123a
Exposures with a currency mismatch
1. Exposures to natural persons assigned to any of the exposures classes laid down in point (h) or (i) of Article 112, the risk weight assigned in accordance with Chapter 2 shall be multiplied by a factor of 1,5, whereby the resulting risk weight shall not be higher than 150 %, where the following conditions are met.
(a)the exposure is due to a loan denominated in a currency which is different from the currency of the obligor's source of income;
(b)the obligor does not have a hedge for its payment risk due to the currency mismatch, either by a financial instrument or foreign currency income that matches the currency of the exposure, or the total of such hedges available to the borrower cover less than 90 % of any instalment for this exposure.
Where an institution is unable to single out those exposures with a currency mismatch, the risk weight multiplier of 1,5 shall apply to all unhedged exposures where the currency of the exposures is different from the domestic currency of the country of residence of the obligor.
2. For the purposes of this Article, source of income refers to any source that generates cash flows to the obligor, including from remittances, rental incomes or salaries, whilst excluding proceeds from selling assets or similar recourse actions by the institution.’;
(44) Article 124 is replaced by the following:
‘Article 124
Exposures secured by mortgages on immovable property
1. A non-ADC exposure that does not meet all of the conditions laid down in paragraph 3 shall be treated as follows:
(a)a non-IPRE exposure shall be treated as an exposure not secured by the immovable property concerned;
(b)an IPRE exposure shall be risk-weighted at 150 %.
2. A non-ADC exposure secured by an immovable property, where all the conditions laid down in paragraph 3 are met and, shall be treated as follows:
(a)where the exposure is secured by a residential property, the exposure shall not qualify as an IPRE exposure and shall be treated in accordance with Article 125(1) where the exposure meets any of the following conditions:
(i)the immovable property securing the exposure is the obligor’s primary residence, either where the immovable property as a whole constitutes a single housing unit or where the immovable property securing the exposure is a housing unit that is a separated part within an immovable property;
(ii)the exposure is to an individual and is secured by an income-producing residential housing unit, either where the immovable property as a whole constitutes a single housing unit or where the housing unit is a separated part within the immovable property, and total exposures of the institution to that individual are not secured by more than four immovable properties, including those which are not residential properties or which do not meet any of the criteria in this point, or separate housing units within immovable properties;
(iii)the exposure secured by residential property is to associations or cooperatives of individuals that are regulated by law and solely exist to grant their members the use of a primary residence in the property securing the loans;
(iv)the exposure is secured by residential property to public housing companies or not-for-profit associations that are regulated by law and exist to serve social purposes and to offer tenants long-term housing;
(b)where the exposure is secured by residential property and the exposure does not meet any of the conditions laid down in point (a), points (i) to (iv), the exposure shall be treated in accordance with Article 125(2);
(c)where the exposure is secured by a commercial immovable property, the exposure shall be treated as follows:
(i)a non-IPRE exposure shall be treated in accordance with Article 126(1);
(ii)an IPRE exposure shall be treated in accordance with Article 126(2).
3. In order to be eligible for the treatment laid down in paragraph 2, an exposure secured by an immovable property shall fulfil all of the following conditions:
(a)the immovable property securing the exposure meets any of the following conditions:
(i)the immovable property has been fully completed;
(ii)the immovable property is forest or agricultural land;
(iii)the immovable property is residential property under construction or it is land upon which a residential property is planned to be constructed where that plan has been approved by all authorities concerned and where any of the following conditions is met:
–the property does not have more than four residential housing units and will be the primary residence of the obligor and the lending to the individual is not indirectly financing ADC exposures;
–a central government, regional government or local authority or a public sector entity, exposures to which are treated in accordance with Articles 115(2) and 116(4), respectively, has the legal powers and ability to ensure that the property under construction will be finished within a reasonable time frame and is required to or has committed in a legally binding manner to do so where the construction would otherwise not be finished within a reasonable time frame;
(b)the exposure is secured by a first lien held by the institution on the immovable property, or the institution holds the first lien and any sequentially lower ranking lien on that property;
(c)the property value is not materially dependent upon the credit quality of the obligor;
(d)all the information required at origination of the exposure and for monitoring purposes is properly documented, including information on the ability of the obligor to repay and on the valuation of the property;
(e)the requirements set out in Article 208 are met and the valuation rules set out in Article 229(1) are complied with.
For the purposes of point (c), institutions may exclude situations where purely macro-economic factors affect both the value of the property and the performance of the obligor.
4. By way of derogation from paragraph 3, point (b), in jurisdictions where junior liens provide the holder with a claim on collateral that is legally enforceable and constitutes an effective credit risk mitigant, junior liens held by an institution other than the one holding the senior lien may also be recognised, including where the institution does not hold the senior lien or does not hold a lien ranking between a more senior lien and a more junior lien both held by the institution.
For the purposes of the first subparagraph, the rules governing the liens shall ensure all of the following:
(a)each institution holding a lien on a property can initiate the sale of the property independently from other entities holding a lien on the property;
(b)where the sale of the property is not carried out by means of a public auction, entities holding a senior lien take reasonable steps to obtain a fair market value or the best price that may be obtained in the circumstances when exercising any power of sale on their own;
5. For the purposes of Article 125(2) and Article 126(2), the exposure-to-value (‘ETV’) ratio shall be calculated by dividing the gross exposure amount by the property value subject to the following conditions:
(a)the gross exposure amount shall be calculated as the outstanding amount of credit obligation related to the exposure secured by the immovable property and any undrawn but committed amount that, once drawn, would increase the exposure value of the exposure which is secured by the immovable property.;
(b)the gross exposure amount shall be calculated without taking into account credit risk adjustments and other own funds reductions related to the exposure or any form of funded or unfunded credit protection, except for pledged deposits accounts with the lending institution that meet all requirements for on-balance sheet netting, either under master netting agreements in accordance with Articles 196 and 206 or under other on-balance sheet netting agreements in accordance with Articles 195 and 205 and have been unconditionally and irrevocably pledged for the sole purposes of fulfilling the credit obligation related to the exposure secured by the immovable property;
(c)exposures that have to be treated in accordance with Article 125(2) or 126(2) where a party other than the institution holds a senior lien and a junior lien held by the institution is recognised according to paragraph 4, the gross exposure amount shall be calculated as the sum of the gross exposure amount of the institution’s lien and of the gross exposure amounts for all other liens of equal or higher ranking seniority than the institution’s lien. Where there is insufficient information for ascertaining the ranking of the other liens, the institution should treat these liens as ranking pari passu with the junior lien held by the institution. The institution shall first determine the risk weight in accordance with Article 125(2) or Article 126(2) (‘base risk weight’), as applicable. It shall then adjust this risk weight by a multiplier of 1.25, for the purposes of calculating the risk-weighted amounts of junior liens. Where the base risk weight corresponds to the lowest ETV bucket, the multiplier shall not be applied. The risk weight resulting from multiplying the base risk weight by 1.25 shall be capped at the risk weight that would be applied to the exposure if the requirements in paragraph 3 would not met.
For the purposes of point (a), where an institution has more than one exposure secured by the same immovable property and these exposures are secured by liens on this immovable property sequential in ranking order without any lien held by a third party ranking in-between, the exposures shall be treated as a single combined exposure and the gross exposure amounts for the individual exposures shall be summed up to calculate the gross exposure amount for the single combined exposure.
6. Member States shall designate an authority to be responsible for the application of paragraph 7. That authority shall be the competent authority or the designated authority.
Where the authority designated by the Member State for the application of this Article is the competent authority, it should ensure that the relevant national bodies and authorities which have a macroprudential mandate are duly informed of the competent authority's intention to make use of this Article, and are appropriately involved in the assessment of financial stability concerns in its Member State in accordance with paragraph 6.
Where the authority designated by the Member State for the application of this Article is different from the competent authority, the Member State shall adopt the necessary provisions to ensure proper coordination and exchange of information between the competent authority and the designated authority for the proper application of this Article. In particular, authorities shall be required to cooperate closely and to share all the information that may be necessary for the adequate performance of the duties imposed upon the designated authority pursuant to this Article. That cooperation shall aim at avoiding any form of duplicative or inconsistent action between the competent authority and the designated authority, as well as ensuring that the interaction with other measures, in particular measures taken under Article 458 of this Regulation and Article 133 of Directive 2013/36/EU, is duly taken into account.
7. Based on the data collected under Article 430a on any other relevant indicators, the authority designated in accordance with paragraph 6 of this Article shall periodically, and at least annually, assess whether the weights laid down in Article 125 and Article 126 for exposures secured by immovable property located in their territory are appropriately based on:
(a)the loss experience of exposures secured by immovable property;
(b)forward-looking immovable property markets developments.
Where, on the basis of the assessment referred to in the first subparagraph, the authority designated in accordance with paragraph 6 of this Article concludes that the risk weights set out in Article 125 or 126 do not adequately reflect the actual risks related to exposures to one or more property segments secured by mortgages on residential property or on commercial immovable property located in one or more parts of the territory of the Member State of the relevant authority, and if it considers that the inadequacy of the risk weights could adversely affect current or future financial stability in its Member State, it may increase the risk weights applicable to those exposures within the ranges determined in the fourth subparagraph of this paragraph or impose stricter criteria than those set out in paragraph 3 of this Article.
The authority designated in accordance with paragraph 6 of this Article shall notify EBA and the ESRB of any adjustments to risk weights and criteria applied pursuant to this paragraph. Within one month of receipt of that notification, EBA and the ESRB shall provide their opinion to the Member State concerned. EBA and the ESRB shall publish the risk weights and criteria for exposures referred to in Articles 125, 126 and Article 199(1), point (a), as implemented by the relevant authority.
For the purposes of the second subparagraph of this paragraph, the authority designated in accordance with paragraph 6 may increase the risk weights laid down in Article 125(1), point (a), or Article 126(1), point (a). The authority shall not increase those to more than 150 %.
8. Where the authority designated in accordance with paragraph 6 sets higher risk weights or stricter criteria pursuant to the paragraph 2, second subparagraph; institutions shall have a six-month transitional period to apply them.
9. EBA, in close cooperation with the ESRB, shall develop draft regulatory technical standards to specify the types of factors to be considered for the assessment of the appropriateness of the risk weights referred in the paragraph 7.
EBA shall submit those draft regulatory technical standards to the Commission by 31 December 2024.
Power is delegated to the Commission to supplement this Regulation by adopting the regulatory technical standards referred to in the first subparagraph in accordance with Articles 10 to 14 of Regulation (EU) No 1093/2010.
10. The ESRB may, by means of recommendations in accordance with Article 16 of Regulation (EU) No 1092/2010, and in close cooperation with EBA, give guidance to authorities designated in accordance with paragraph 6 of this Article on both of the following:
(a)factors which could ‘adversely affect current or future financial stability’ referred to in the second subparagraph of paragraph 7;
(b)indicative benchmarks that the authority designated in accordance with paragraph 6 is to take into account when determining higher risk weights.
11. Institutions established in a Member State shall apply the risk weights and criteria that have been determined by the authorities of another Member State in accordance with paragraph 7 to all their corresponding exposures secured by mortgages on residential property or commercial immovable property located in one or more parts of that other Member State.’;
(45) Article 125 is replaced by the following:
‘Article 125
Exposures secured by mortgages on residential immovable property
1. An exposure secured by a residential property that complies with any of the conditions laid down in Article 124(2), point (a), points (i) to (iv), shall be treated as follows:
(a)the part of the exposure up to 55 % of the property value remaining after any senior or pari passu ranking liens not held by the institution have been deducted shall be assigned a risk weight of 20 %.
For the purposes of this point, where, in accordance with Article 124(7), the competent or designated authority, as applicable, has set a higher risk weight or a lower percentage of the property value than those referred to in this point, institutions shall use the risk weight and percentage set in accordance with Article 124(7).
(b)the remaining part of the exposure, if any, shall be treated as an exposure that is not secured by residential property.
2. An exposure secured by a residential property that does not meet any of the conditions laid down in Article 124(2), point (a), points (i) to (iv), shall be assigned the higher between the risk weight set in accordance with the following Table 6aaa, and the risk weight set in accordance with Article 124(7):
Table 6aaa
| ETV | ETV ≤ 50 % | 50 % < ETV ≤ 60 % | 60 % < ETV ≤ 80 % | 80 % < ETV ≤ 90 % | 90 % < ETV ≤100 % | ETV > 100 % |
| Risk weight | 30 % | 35 % | 45 % | 60 % | 75 % | 105 % |
’
By way of derogation from the first subparagraph of this paragraph, institutions may apply the treatment referred to in paragraph 1 to exposures secured by residential property which is situated within the territory of a Member State, where the loss rates for such exposures published by the competent authorities of that Member State in accordance with Article 430a(3) do not exceed any of the following limits for losses aggregated across all institutions with such exposures existing in the previous year:
(a)the losses on the part of the exposures up to 55 % of the property value do not exceed 0,3 % of the total amount, across all those exposures, of credit obligations outstanding in that year.
For the purposes of this point, where, in accordance with Article 124(7), the competent or designated authority, as applicable, has set a lower percentage of the property value than the one referred to in this point, institutions shall use the percentage set in accordance with Article 124(7);
(b)the losses on the part of the exposures up to 100 % of the property value do not exceed 0,5 % of the total amount, across all these exposures, of credit obligations outstanding in that year.
(46) Article 126 is replaced by the following:
‘Article 126
Exposures secured by mortgages on commercial immovable property
1. An exposure as referred to in Article 124(2), point (c)(i) shall be treated as follows:
(a)the part of the exposure up to 55 % of the property value reduced by any senior or pari passu ranking liens not held by the institution shall be assigned a risk weight of 60 %, unless that part of the exposure is subject to a higher risk weight or lower percentage of the property value where decided in accordance with Article 124(7);
(b)the remaining part of the exposure, if any, shall be treated as an exposure that is not secured by this immovable property.
2. An exposure as referred to in Article 124(2), point (c)(ii) shall be assigned the higher between the risk weight set in accordance with Table 6c and the risk weight set in accordance with Article 124(7):
Table 6c
| ETV ≤ 60 % | 60 % < ETV ≤ 80 % | ETV > 80 % | |
| Risk weight | 70 % | 90 % | 110 % |
By way of derogation from the first subparagraph of this paragraph, institutions may apply the treatment referred to in paragraph 1 to an exposure secured by a commercial property which is situated within the territory of a Member State, where the loss rates for such exposures published by the competent authorities of that Member State in accordance with Article 430a(3) do not exceed any of the following limits for losses aggregated across all such exposures existing in the previous year:
(a)the losses on the part of the exposures up to 55 % of the property value do not exceed 0,3 % of the total amount of credit obligations outstanding in that year.
For the purposes of this point, where, in accordance with Article 124(7), the competent or designated authority, as applicable, has set a lower percentage of the property value than the one referred to in this point, institutions shall use the percentage set in accordance with Article 124(7);
(b)the losses on the part of the exposures up to 100 % of the property value do not exceed 0,5 % of the total amount of credit obligations outstanding in that year.
(47) a new Article 126a is inserted:
‘Article 126a
Land acquisition, development and construction exposures
1. An ADC exposure shall be assigned a risk weight of 150 %.
2. ADC exposures to residential property, however, may be risk weighted at 100 %, provided that, where applicable, the institution applies sound origination and monitoring standards which meet the requirements of Articles 74 and 79 of Directive 2013/36/EU and where at least one of the following conditions is met:
(a)legally binding pre-sale or pre-lease contracts, for which the purchaser or tenant has made a substantial cash deposit which is subject to forfeiture if the contract is terminated, amount to a significant portion of total contracts;
(b)the obligor has substantial equity at risk, which is represented as an appropriate amount of obligor-contributed equity to the residential property's appraised value upon completion.
3. EBA shall by [OP please insert date = 1 year after entry into force] issue guidelines specifying the terms 'substantial cash deposits', “appropriate amount of obligor-contributed equity”, 'significant portion of total contracts', and 'substantial equity at risk'.
Those guidelines shall be adopted in accordance with Article 16 of Regulation (EU) No 1093/2010.
(48) Article 127 is amended as follows:
(a)in paragraph (1), the following subparagraph is added:
‘For the purposes of calculating the sum of specific credit risk adjustments referred to in this paragraph, institutions shall include in the calculation any positive difference between, on the one hand, the amount owed by the obligor on the exposure and, on the other hand, the sum of:
(i) the additional own funds reduction if the exposure was written off fully; and
(ii) any already existing own funds reductions related to that exposure.’
(b)paragraph 2 is replaced by the following:
‘2. For the purposes of determining the secured part of a defaulted exposure, collateral and guarantees shall be eligible for credit risk mitigation purposes in accordance with Chapter 4.’;
(c)paragraphs 3 is replaced by the following:
‘3. The exposure value remaining after specific credit risk adjustments of non-IPRE exposures secured by residential or commercial immovable property in accordance with Article 125 and 126, respectively, shall be assigned a risk weight of 100 % if a default has occurred in accordance with Article 178.’;
(d)paragraph 4 is deleted;
(49) Article 128 is replaced by the following:
‘Article 128
Subordinated debt exposures
1. The following exposures shall be treated as subordinated debt exposures:
(a)debt exposures which are subordinated to claims of another creditor;
(b)own funds instruments to the extent that those instruments are not considered as equity exposures in accordance with Article 133(1); and
(c)liabilities instruments that meet the conditions set out in Article 72b.
2. Subordinated debt exposures shall be assigned a risk weight of 150 %, unless those subordinated debt exposures are required to be deducted in accordance with Part Two of this Regulation.’;
(50) in Article 129(3), the following subparagraph is inserted:
‘By way of derogation from the first subparagraph, for the purposes of valuing immovable property, the competent authorities designated pursuant to Article 18(2) of Directive (EU) 2019/2162 may allow that property to be valued at or at less than the market value, or in those Member States that have laid down rigorous criteria for the assessment of the mortgage lending value in statutory or regulatory provisions, the mortgage lending value of that property without applying the limits set out in Article 208(3), point (b).’
(51) in Article 131, Table 7 is replaced by the following:
‘Table 7
| Credit quality step | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 |
| Risk weight | 20 % | 20 % | 20% | 50 % | 50 % | 150 % |
;’
(52) Article 133 is replaced by the following:
‘Article 133
Equity exposures
1. All of the following shall be classified as equity exposures:
(a)any exposure meeting all of the following conditions:
(i)the exposure is irredeemable in the sense that the return of invested funds can be achieved only by the sale of the investment or sale of the rights to the investment or by the liquidation of the issuer;
(ii)the exposure does not embody an obligation on the part of the issuer; and
(iii)the exposure conveys a residual claim on the assets or income of the issuer;
(b)instruments that would qualify as Tier 1 items if issued by an institution;
(c)instruments that embody an obligation on the part of the issuer and meet any of the following conditions:
(i)the issuer may defer the settlement of the obligation indefinitely;
(ii)the obligation requires, or permits at the issuer’s discretion, settlement by issuance of a fixed number of the issuer’s equity shares;
(iii)the obligation requires, or permits at the issuer’s discretion, settlement by issuance of a variable number of the issuer’s equity shares and, ceteris paribus, any change in the value of the obligation is attributable to, comparable to, and in the same direction as, the change in the value of a fixed number of the issuer’s equity shares;
(iv)the holder of the instrument has the option to require that the obligation be settled in equity shares, unless one of the following conditions is met:
–in the case of a traded instrument, the institution has demonstrated to the satisfaction of the competent authority that the instrument is traded on the market more like the debt of the issuer than like its equity;
–in the case of non-traded instruments, the institution has demonstrated to the satisfaction of the competent authority that the instrument should be treated as a debt position.
For the purposes of point (c)(iii), obligations are included that require or permit settlement by issuance of a variable number of the issuer’s equity shares, for which the change in the monetary value of the obligation is equal to the change in the fair value of a fixed number of equity shares multiplied by a specified factor, where both the factor and the referenced number of shares are fixed.
For the purposes of point (iv), where one of the conditions laid down in that point is met, the institution may decompose the risks for regulatory purposes, subject to the prior permission by the competent authority.
(d)debt obligations and other securities, partnerships, derivatives or other vehicles structured in a way that the economic substance is similar to the exposures referred to in points (a), (b) and (c), including liabilities from which the return is linked to that of equities;
(e)equity exposures that are recorded as a loan but arise from a debt/equity swap made as part of the orderly realisation or restructuring of the debt.
2. Equity investments shall not be treated as equity exposures in any of the following cases:
(a)the equity investments are structured in a way that their economic substance is similar to the economic substance of debt holdings which do not meet the criteria in any of the points in paragraph 1;
(b)the equity investments constitute securitisation exposures.
3. Equity exposures, other than those referred to in paragraph 4 to 7, shall be assigned a risk weight of 250 %, unless those exposures are required to be deducted or risk-weighted in accordance with Part Two.
4. The following equity exposures to unlisted companies shall be assigned a risk weight of 400 %, unless those exposures are required to be deducted or risk-weighted in accordance with Part Two:
(a)investments for short-term resale purposes;
(b)investments in venture capital firms or similar investments which are acquired in anticipation of significant short-term capital gains.
By way of derogation from the first subparagraph, long-term equity investment, including investments in equities of corporate clients with which the institution has or intends to establish a long-term business relationship as well as venture capital firms and debt-equity swaps for corporate restructuring purposes shall be assigned a risk weight in accordance with paragraph 3 or 5, as applicable. For the purposes of this Article, a long-term equity investment is an equity investment that is held for three years or longer or incurred with the intention to be held for three years or longer as approved by the institution’s senior management.
5. Institutions that have received the prior permission of the competent authorities, may assign a risk weight of 100 % to equity exposures incurred under legislative programmes to promote specified sectors of the economy that comply with all of the following conditions:
(a)the legislative programs provide significant subsidies, including in the form of guarantees by multilateral development banks, public development credit institutions as defined Article 429a(2) or international organisations, for the investment to the institution;
(b)the legislative programs involve some form of government oversight;
(c)such equity exposures in aggregate do not exceed 10 % of the institutions own funds.
6. Equity exposures to central banks shall be assigned a risk weight of 100 %.
7. Equity exposures that are recorded as a loan but arise from a debt/equity swap made as part of the orderly realisation or restructuring of the debt shall not be assigned a risk weight lower than the risk weight that would apply had the equity holdings remained in the debt portfolio.’;
(53) Article 134 is amended as follows:
(a)paragraph 3 is replaced by the following:
‘3. Cash items in the process of collection shall be assigned a 20 % risk weight. Cash owned and held by the institution or in transit, and equivalent cash items shall be assigned a 0 % risk weight.’;
(b)the following paragraph 8 is added:
‘8. The exposure value of any other item for which no risk weight is provided under Chapter 2 shall be assigned a risk weight of 100 %.’;
(54) in Article 135, the following paragraph 3 is added:
‘3. EBA, EIOPA and ESMA shall by [OP please insert the date = 1 year after entry into force] prepare a report on the impediments to the availability of credit assessments by ECAIs, in particular for corporates, and on possible measures to address them taking into account differences across economic sectors and geographical areas.’;
(55) Article 138 is amended as follow:
(a)the following point (g) is added:
‘(g) an institution shall not use an ECAI credit assessment in relation to an institution that incorporates assumptions of implicit government support, unless the respective ECAI credit assessment refers to an institution owned by or set up and sponsored by central governments, regional governments or local authorities.’;
(b)the following subparagraph is added:
‘For the purposes of point (g), in case of institutions, other than institutions owned by or set up and sponsored by central governments, regional governments or local authorities, for which only ECAI credit assessment exist which do incorporate assumptions of implicit government support, exposures to such institutions shall be treated as exposures to unrated institutions in accordance with Article 121.
Implicit government support means that the central government, regional government or local authority shall act to prevent creditors of the institution from incurring losses in the event of the institution’s default or distress.’;
(56) in Article 139(2), points (a) and (b) are replaced by the following:
‘(a) the credit assessment produces a higher risk weight than would be the case when the exposure is treated as unrated and the exposure concerned:
(i)is not a specialised lending exposure;
(ii)ranks pari passu or junior in all respects to the specific issuing program or facility or to senior unsecured exposures of that issuer, as relevant;
(b) the credit assessment produces a lower risk weight and the exposure concerned:
(i)is not a specialised lending exposure;
(ii)ranks pari passu or senior in all respects to the specific issuing programme or facility or to senior unsecured exposures of that issuer, as relevant.’;
(57) Article 141 is replaced by the following:
‘Article 141
Domestic and foreign currency items
1. A credit assessment that refers to an item denominated in the obligor's domestic currency shall not be used to derive a risk weight for an exposure on that same obligor that is denominated in a foreign currency.
2. By way of derogation from paragraph 1, where an exposure arises through an institution's participation in a loan that has been extended by, or has been guaranteed against convertibility and transfer risk, by a multilateral development bank listed in Article 117(2) the preferred creditor status of which is recognised in the market, the credit assessment on the obligor’s domestic currency item may be used to derive a risk weight for an exposure on that same obligor that is denominated in a foreign currency.
For the purposes of the first subparagraph, where the exposure denominated in a foreign currency is guaranteed against convertibility and transfer risk, the credit assessment on the obligor’s domestic currency item may only be used for risk weighting purposes on the guaranteed part of that exposure. The part of that exposure that is not guaranteed shall be risk-weighted based on a credit assessment on the obligor that refers to an item denominated in that foreign currency.’;
(58) Article 142, paragraph 1 is amended as follows:
(a)the following points (1a) to (1e) are inserted:
‘(1a) ‘exposure class’ means any of the exposure classes referred to in Article 147(2), points (a), (a1)(i), (a1)(ii), (b), (c)(i), (c)(ii), (c)(iii), (d)(i), (d)(ii), (d)(iii), (d)(iv), (e), (e1), (f) and (g);
(1b) ‘corporate exposure class’ means any of the exposure classes referred to in Article 147(2), points (c)(i), (c)(ii) and (c)(iii);
(1c) ‘corporate exposure’ means any exposure assigned to the exposure classes referred to in Article 147(2), points (c)(i), (c)(ii) and (c)(iii);
(1d) ‘retail exposure class’ means any of the exposure classes referred to in Article 147(2), points (d)(i), (d)(ii), (d)(iii) and (d)(iv);
(1e) ‘retail exposure’ means any exposure assigned to the exposure classes referred to in Article 147(2), points (d)(i), (d)(ii), (d)(iii) and (d)(iv);’;
(b)point (2) is replaced by the following:
‘(2) ‘type of exposures’ means a group of homogeneously managed exposures within an exposure class, which may be limited to a single entity or a single sub-set of entities within a group provided that the same type of exposures is managed differently in other entities of the group;’;
(c)points (4) and (5) are replaced by the following:
‘(4) ‘large regulated financial sector entity’ means a financial sector entity which meets all the following conditions:
(a)the entity’s total assets, or the total assets of its parent company where the entity has a parent company, calculated on an individual or consolidated basis, are greater than or equal to EUR 70 billion , using the most recent audited financial statement or consolidated financial statement in order to determine asset size;
(b)the entity is subject to prudential requirements, directly on an individual or consolidated basis, or indirectly from the prudential consolidation of its parent undertaking, in accordance with this Regulation, Regulation (EU) 2019/2033, Directive 2009/138/EC, or legal prudential requirements of a third country at least equivalent to those Union acts;
(5) ‘unregulated financial sector entity’ means a financial sector entity that does not fulfil the condition laid down in point (4)(b);’;
(d)the following point (5a) is inserted:
‘(5a) ‘large corporate’ means any corporate undertaking having consolidated annual sales of more than EUR 500 million or belonging to a group where the total annual sales for the consolidated group is more than EUR 500 million.’;’
(e)the following points (8) to (12) are added:
‘(8) ‘PD/LGD modelling adjustment approach’ refers to modelling an adjustment of the LGD or modelling an adjustment of both the PD and the LGD of the underlying exposure in accordance with Article 183(1a);
(9) ‘protection-provider-RW-floor’ refers to the risk weight applicable to a comparable, direct exposure to the protection provider;
(10) for an exposure to which an institution applies the IRB approach by using its own estimates of LGD under Article 143, ‘recognised’ unfunded credit protection means an unfunded credit protection the effect of which on the calculation of risk-weighted exposure amounts or expected loss amounts of the underlying exposure is taken into account with one of the following methods, in accordance with Article 108(2a):
(a)PD/LGD modelling adjustment approach;
(b)substitution of risk parameters approach under A-IRB, in accordance with Article 192, point (8);
(11) ‘SA-CCF’ means the percentage applicable under Chapter 2, by which the nominal value of an off-balance sheet item is multiplied to calculate its exposure value in accordance with Article 111(2);
(12) ‘IRB-CCF’ means own estimates of CCF.;
(59) Article 143 is amended as follows:
(a)paragraph 2 is replaced by the following:
‘2. Prior permission to the use the IRB Approach, including own estimates of LGDs and CCFs, shall be required for each exposure class and for each rating system and for each approach to estimating LGDs and CCFs used.’;
(b)in paragraph 3, first subparagraph, points (a) and (b) are replaced by the following:
‘(a) material changes to the range of application of a rating system that the institution has received permission to use;
(b) material changes to a rating system that the institution has received permission to use.’;
(c)paragraph 4 and 5 are replaced by the following:
‘4. Institutions shall notify the competent authorities of all changes to rating systems.
5. EBA shall develop draft regulatory technical standards to specify the conditions for assessing the materiality of the use of an existing rating system for other additional exposures not already covered by that rating system and changes to rating systems under the IRB Approach.
EBA shall submit those draft regulatory technical standards to the Commission by [OP please insert date = 18 months after the entry into force of this amending Regulation].
Power is delegated to the Commission to adopt the regulatory technical standards referred to the first subparagraph in accordance with Articles 10 to 14 of Regulation (EU) No 1093/2010.’;
(60) in Article 144(1), the first subparagraph is amended as follows:
(a)point (f) is replaced by the following:
‘(f) the institution has validated each rating system during an appropriate time period prior to the permission to use that rating system, has assessed during that time period whether the rating system are suited to the range of application of the rating system, and has made necessary changes to those rating systems following from its assessment;’;
(b)point (h) is replaced by the following:
‘(h) the institution has assigned and continues to assign each exposure in the range of application of a rating system to a rating grade or pool of this rating system;’;
(c)paragraph 2 is replaced by the following:
‘2. EBA shall develop draft regulatory technical standards to specify the assessment methodology competent authorities shall follow when assessing the compliance of an institution with the requirements to use the IRB Approach.
EBA shall submit those draft regulatory technical standards to the Commission by 31 December 2025.
Power is delegated to the Commission to adopt the regulatory technical standards referred to in the first subparagraph in accordance with Articles 10 to 14 of Regulation (EU) No 1093/2010.’;
(61) Article 147 is amended as follows:
(a)paragraph 2 is replaced by the following:
‘2. Each exposure shall be assigned to one of the following exposure classes:
(a)exposures to central governments and central banks;
(a1)exposures to regional and local authorities and to public sector entities (‘RGLA-PSE’), which shall be divided into the following exposure classes:
(i)exposures to regional and local authorities (‘RGLAs’);
(ii)exposures to public sector entities (‘PSEs’);
(b)exposures to institutions;
(c)exposures to corporates, which shall be divided into the following exposure classes:
(i)general corporates;
(ii)specialised lending (‘SL’) exposures;
(iii)corporate purchased receivables;
(d)retail exposures, which shall be divided into the following exposure classes:
(i)qualifying revolving retail exposures (‘QRREs’);
(ii)retail exposures secured by residential property;
(iii)retail purchased receivables;
(iv)other retail exposures;
(e)equity exposures;
(e1)exposures in the form of units or shares in a CIU;
(f)items representing securitisation positions;
(g)other non credit-obligation assets.
(b)in paragraph 3, point (a) is deleted;
(c)the following paragraph 3a is inserted:
‘3a. Exposures to regional governments, local authorities or public sector entities shall all be assigned to the exposure class referred to in paragraph 2, point (a1), irrespective of the treatment such exposures would receive under Articles 115 or 116.’;
(d)in paragraph 4, points (a) and (b) are deleted;
(e)paragraph 5 is amended as follows:
(i)in point (a), point (ii) is replaced by the following:
‘(ii) exposures to an SME within the meaning of Article 5, point (8), provided in that case that the total amount owed to the institution and parent undertakings and its subsidiaries, including any exposure in default, by the obligor client or group of connected clients, but excluding exposures secured by residential property up to the property value does not, to the knowledge of the institution, exceed EUR 1 million, which shall take reasonable steps to verify the amount of that exposure;
(iii) exposures secured by residential property, including first and subsequent liens, term loans, revolving home equity lines of credit, and exposures as referred to in Article 108, paragraphs 3 and 4, regardless of the exposure size, provided that the exposure is either of the following:
–an exposure to a natural person;
–an exposure to associations or cooperatives of individuals that are regulated under national law and exist with the only purpose of granting their members the use of a primary residence in the property securing the loan;’;
(ii)the following subparagraphs are added:
‘Exposures fulfilling all the conditions laid down in points (a)(iii), (b), (c), (d) shall be assigned to the exposure class ‘retail exposures secured by residential property’ as referred to in paragraph 2, point (d)(ii).
By way of derogation from the third subparagraph, competent authorities may exclude from the exposure class ‘retail exposures secured by residential property’ as referred to in paragraph 2, point (d)(ii), loans to natural persons who have mortgaged more than four properties or housing units and assign those loans to the corporate exposure class.’;
(iii)the following paragraph 5a is inserted:
‘5a. Retail exposures belonging to a type of exposures meeting all the following conditions may be assigned to the QRRE exposure class:
(a)the exposures of that type of exposures are to individuals;
(b)the exposures of that type of exposures are revolving, unsecured, and to the extent they are not drawn immediately and unconditionally, cancellable by the institution;
(c)the maximum exposure of that type of exposure to a single individual is EUR 100 000 or less;
(d)that type of exposures has exhibited low volatility of loss rates, relative to its average level of loss rates, especially within the low PD bands;
(e)the treatment as a qualifying revolving retail exposure is consistent with the underlying risk characteristics of the type of exposures to which it belongs.
By way of derogation from point (b), the requirement to be unsecured shall not apply in respect of collateralised credit facilities linked to a wage account. In that case, amounts recovered from the collateral shall not be taken into account in the LGD estimate.
Institutions shall identify within the QRRE exposure class transactor exposures (‘QRRE transactors’), as defined in Article 4(1), point (152), and exposures that are not transactor exposures (‘QRRE revolvers’). In particular, QRREs with less than 12 months of repayment history shall be identified as QRRE revolvers.’;
(f)paragraphs 6 and 7 are replaced by the following:
‘6. Unless they are assigned to the exposure class laid down in paragraph 2, point (e1), the exposures referred to in Article 133, paragraph 1 shall be assigned to the equity exposure class laid down in paragraph 2, point (e).
7. Any credit obligation not assigned to the exposure classes laid down in paragraph 2, points (a), (a1), (b), (d), (e) and (f), shall be assigned to one of the exposure classes referred to in point (c) of that paragraph.’;
(g)in paragraph 8, the following subparagraphs are added:
‘Those exposures shall be assigned to the exposure class referred to in paragraph 2, point (c)(ii), and shall be distributed into the following categories: ‘project finance’ (PF), ‘object finance’ (OF), ‘commodity finance’ (CF) and ‘income producing real estate’ (IPRE).
EBA shall develop draft regulatory technical standards to specify the following:
(a)the categorisation to PF, OF and CF, consistently with the definitions of Chapter 2;
(b)the determination of the IPRE category, in particular providing which ADC exposures and exposures secured by immovable property, may or shall be categorised as IPRE, where those exposures do no materially depend on cash flows generated by the property for their repayment.
EBA shall submit those draft regulatory technical standards to the Commission by 31 December 2025.
Power is delegated to the Commission to adopt the regulatory technical standards referred to in the first subparagraph in accordance with Articles 10 to 14 of Regulation (EU) No 1093/2010.’;
(h)a new paragraph 11 is added:
‘11. EBA shall develop draft regulatory technical standards specifying further the classes referred to in paragraph 2 where necessary and the conditions and criteria for assigning exposures to those classes.
EBA shall submit those draft regulatory technical standards to the Commission by 31 December 2026.
Power is delegated to the Commission to supplement this Regulation by adopting the regulatory technical standards referred to in the first subparagraph in accordance with Articles 10 to 14 of Regulation (EU) No 1093/2010.’;
(62) Article 148 is amended as follows:
(a)paragraphs 1 and 2 are replaced by the following:
‘1. An institution that is permitted to apply the IRB Approach in accordance with Article 107(1), shall, together with any parent undertaking and its subsidiaries, implement the IRB Approach for at least one of the exposure classes referred to in points (a), (a1)(i), (a1)(ii), (b), (c)(i), (c)(ii), (c)(iii), (d)(i), (d)(ii), d(iii), (d)(iv), (e1), (f) and (g) of Article 147(2). Once an institution implements the IRB Approach for one of those exposure classes, it shall do so for all the exposures within that exposure class, unless it has received the permission of the competent authorities to use the Standardised Approach permanently in accordance with Article 150.
Subject to the prior permission of the competent authorities, implementation of the IRB Approach may be carried out sequentially across the different types of exposures within the same exposure class and within the same business unit, and across different business units in the same group, or for the use of own estimates of LGDs or IRB-CCFs.
2. Competent authorities shall determine the time period over which an institution and any parent undertaking and its subsidiaries shall be required to implement the IRB Approach for all exposures within one exposure class across different business units in the same group or for the use of own estimates of LGDs or IRB-CCFs. That time period shall be one that competent authorities consider to be appropriate on the basis of the nature and scale of the activities of the institution concerned, or any parent undertaking and its subsidiaries, and the number and nature of rating systems to be implemented.’;
(b)paragraphs 4, 5 and 6 are deleted;
(63) Article 150 is amended as follows:
(a)paragraph 1 is replaced by the following:
‘1. Institutions shall apply the Standardised Approach for all the following exposures:
(a)exposures assigned to the equity exposure class referred to in Article 147(2), point (e);
(b)exposures assigned to exposure classes for which institutions have decided not to implement the IRB Approach for the calculation of the risk-weighted exposure amounts and expected loss amounts;
(c)exposures for which institutions have not received the prior permission of the competent authorities to use the IRB Approach for the calculation of the risk-weighted exposure amounts and expected loss amounts.
An institution that is permitted to use the IRB Approach for the calculation of risk-weighted exposure amounts and expected loss amounts for a given exposure class may, subject to the competent authority’s prior permission, apply the Standardised Approach for some types of exposures within that exposure class where those types of exposures are immaterial in terms of size and perceived risk profile.
An institution that is permitted to use the IRB Approach for the calculation of risk-weighted exposure amounts for only some types of exposures within an exposure class, shall apply the Standardised Approach for the remaining types of exposures within that exposure class.’;
(b)paragraphs 2, 3 and 4 are deleted;
(64) Article 151 is amended as follows:
(a)paragraph 4 is deleted;
(b)paragraph 7, 8 and 9 are replaced by the following:
‘7. For retail exposures, institutions shall provide own estimates of LGDs, and IRB-CCF where applicable pursuant to Article 166, paragraphs 8 and 8b, in accordance with Article 143 and Section 6. Institutions shall use SA-CCF where Article 166, paragraphs 8 and 8b do not allow for the use of IRB-CCF.
8. For the following exposures, institutions shall apply the LGD values set out in Article 161(1) and SA-CCF in accordance with Article 166, paragraphs 8, 8a and 8b:
(a)exposures assigned to the exposure class ‘exposures to institutions’ referred to in Article 147(2), point (b);
(b)exposures to financial sector entities;
(c)exposures to large corporates.
For exposures belonging to the exposure classes referred to in Article 147(2), points (a), (a1) and (c), except for the exposures referred to in the first subparagraph of this paragraph, institutions shall apply the LGD values set out in Article 161(1), and the SA-CCF in accordance with Article 166, paragraphs 8, 8a and 8b, unless they have been permitted to use their own estimates of LGDs and CCFs for those exposures in accordance with paragraph 9 of this Article.
9. For the exposures referred to in paragraph 8, second subparagraph the competent authority shall permit institutions to use own estimates of LGDs, and IRB-CCFs where applicable pursuant to Article 166, paragraphs 8 and 8b, in accordance with Article 143 and Section 6.’;
(c)the following paragraphs 11, 12 and 13 are added:
‘11. Institutions shall apply the requirements laid down for exposures belonging to the exposure class ‘general corporates’ referred to in Article 147(2), point (c)(i) to exposures belonging to the exposure class ‘RGLA-PSE’ referred to in Article 147(2), point (a1). For the purposes of this paragraph, the threshold provided in the definition of large corporate and the provisions applicable to large corporates set out in paragraph 8, first subparagraph, point (c) shall not apply, and the treatment set out in Article 501 shall not apply.
12. For exposures in the form of shares or units in a CIU belonging to the exposure class referred to in Article 147(2), point (e1), institutions shall apply the treatment set out in Article 152.
13. EBA shall develop draft regulatory technical standards to specify the treatment applicable to exposures belonging to the exposure class ‘corporates purchased receivables’ referred to in Article 147(2), point (c)(iii) and the exposure class ‘retail purchased receivables’ referred to in Article 147(2), point (d)(iii), for the purposes of calculating risk-weighted exposure amounts for the default risk and for the dilution risk of those exposures, including for the recognition of credit risk mitigation techniques.
EBA shall submit those draft regulatory technical standards to the Commission by 31 December 2025.
Power is delegated to the Commission to adopt the regulatory technical standards referred to in the first subparagraph in accordance with Articles 10 to 14 of Regulation (EU) No 1093/2010.’;
(65) in Article 152, paragraph 4 is replaced by the following:
‘4. Institutions that apply the look-through approach in accordance with paragraphs 2 and 3 of this Article and that do not use the methods set out in this Chapter or in Chapter 5 as applicable for all or parts of the underlying exposures of the CIU, shall calculate risk-weighted exposure amounts and expected loss amounts in accordance with the following principles:
(a)for underlying exposures that would be assigned to the equity exposure class referred to in Article 147(2), point (e), institutions shall apply the Standardised Approach laid down in Chapter 2;
(b)for exposures assigned to the items representing securitisation positions referred to in Article 147(2), point (f), institutions shall apply the treatment set out in Article 254 as if those exposures were directly held by those institutions;
(c)for all other underlying exposures, institutions shall apply the Standardised Approach laid down in Chapter 2.’;
(66) Article 153 is amended as follows:
(a)paragraph 1, point (iii) is replaced by the following:
‘(iii) if 0 < PD < 1, then:
where:
N = the cumulative distribution function for a standard normal random variable, i.e. N(x) equals the probability that a normal random variable with mean of 0 and variance of 1, is less than or equal to x;
G = the inverse cumulative distribution function for a standard normal random variable, i.e. if x = G(z), x is the value such that N(x) = z;
R = the coefficient of correlation, which is defined as:
b = the maturity adjustment factor, which is defined as:
M = the maturity and shall beexpressed in years and calculated in accordance with Article 162.’;
(b)paragraph 2 is replaced by the following:
‘2. For exposures to large regulated financial sector entities and to unregulated financial sector entities, the coefficient of correlation R provided in paragraph 1, point (iii), or paragraph 4 as applicable, shall be multiplied by 1,25 when calculating the risk weights of those exposures.’;
(c)paragraph 3 is deleted;
(d)paragraph 9 is replaced by the following:
‘9. EBA shall develop draft regulatory technical standards to specify how institutions shall take into account the factors referred to in paragraph 5, second subparagraph, when assigning risk weights to specialised lending exposures.
EBA shall submit those draft regulatory technical standards to the Commission by 31 December 2025.
Power is delegated to the Commission to adopt the regulatory technical standards referred to in the first subparagraph in accordance with Articles 10 to 14 of Regulation (EU) No 1093/2010.’;
(67) Article 154 is amended as follows:
(a)in paragraph 1, point (ii) is replaced by the following:
‘(ii) if PD < 1, then:
where:
N = the cumulative distribution function for a standard normal random variable, i.e. N(x) equals to the probability that a normal random variable with mean of 0 and variance of 1, is less than or equal to x;
G = the inverse cumulative distribution function for a standard normal random variable, i.e. if x = G(z), x is the value such that N(x) = z;
R = the coefficient of correlation, which is defined as:
’;
(b)paragraph 2 is deleted;
(c)paragraph 3 is replaced by the following:
‘3. For retail exposures that are not in default and are secured or partly secured by residential property, a coefficient of correlation R of 0,15 shall replace the figure produced by the coefficient of correlation formula in paragraph 1.
The risk-weight applicable pursuant to paragraph 1, point (ii), to an exposure partly secured by residential property shall also apply to the unsecured portion of the underlying exposure.’;
(d)paragraph 4 is replaced by the following:
‘4. For QRREs that are not in default, a coefficient of correlation R of 0,04 shall replace the figure produced by the coefficient of correlation formula in paragraph 1.
Competent authorities shall review the relative volatility of loss rates across QRREs belonging to the same type of exposures, as well as across the aggregate QRRE exposure class, and shall share information on the typical characteristics of qualifying revolving retail loss rates across Member States and with EBA.’;
(68) Article 155 is deleted;
(69) in Article 157, the following paragraph 6 is added:
‘6. EBA shall develop draft regulatory technical standards to specify further:
(a)the methodology for the calculation of risk-weighted exposure amount for dilution risk of purchased receivables, including recognition of CRM techniques in accordance with Article 160(4), and the conditions for the use of own estimates and fall-back parameters;
(b)the assessment of the immateriality criterion for the type of exposures referred to in paragraph 5;
EBA shall submit those draft regulatory technical standards to the Commission by 31 December 2026.
Power is delegated to the Commission to supplement this Regulation by adopting the regulatory technical standards referred to in the first subparagraph in accordance with Articles 10 to 14 of Regulation (EU) No 1093/2010.’;
(70) Article 158 is amended as follows:
(a)in paragraph 5, the last subparagraph is deleted;
(b)paragraphs 7, 8 and 9 are deleted.
(71) Article 159 is replaced by the following:
‘Article 159
Treatment of expected loss amounts, IRB shortfall and IRB excess
Institutions shall subtract the expected loss amounts of exposures referred to in Article 158, paragraphs 5, 6 and 10 from the sum of all of the following:
(a)the general and specific credit risk adjustments related to those exposures, calculated in accordance with Article 110;
(b)additional value adjustments related to the non-trading book business of the institution determined in accordance with Articles 34, related to those exposures;
(c)other own funds reductions related to those exposures other than the deductions made in accordance with Article 36(1), point (m).
Where the calculation performed in accordance with the first subparagraph results in a positive amount, the amount obtained shall be called ‘IRB excess’. Where the calculation performed in accordance with the first subparagraph results in a negative amount, the amount obtained shall be called ‘IRB shortfall’.
For the purposes of the calculation referred to in the first subparagraph, institutions shall treat discounts or premiums determined in accordance with Article 166(1) on balance sheet exposures purchased when in default in the same manner as specific credit risk adjustments. Discounts or premiums on balance sheet exposures purchased when not in default shall not be allowed to be included in the calculation of the IRB shortfall or IRB excess. Specific credit risk adjustments on exposures in default shall not be used to cover expected loss amounts on other exposures. Expected loss amounts for securitised exposures and general and specific credit risk adjustments related to those exposures shall not be included in the calculation of the IRB shortfall or IRB excess.’;
(72) in Section 4, the following Sub-Section 0 is inserted:
‘Sub-Section 0
Exposures covered by guarantees provided by Member States’ central governments and central banks or the ECB
Article 159 - a Non application of PD and LGD input floors
For the purposes of Chapter 3, and in particular with regard to Articles 160(1), 161(4), 164(4) and 166(8c), where an exposure is covered by an eligible guarantee provided by a Member State’s central government or central bank or by the ECB, the PD, LGD and CCF input floors shall not apply to the part of the exposure covered by that guarantee. However, the part of the exposure that is not covered by that guarantee shall be subject to the PD, LGD and CCF input floors concerned.’;(73) Article 160 is amended as follows:
(a)paragraph 1 is replaced by the following:
‘1. For exposures assigned to the exposure class ‘exposures to institutions’ referred to in Article 147(2), point (b), or ‘exposures to corporates’ referred to in Article 147(2), point (c), for the sole purposes of calculating risk weighted exposures and expected losses amounts of those exposures, in particular for the purposes of Article 153, Article 157, Article 158(1), Article 158(5) and Article 158(10), the PD values used in the input of the risk weights and expected loss formulas shall not be less than the following value: 0,05 % (‘PD input floor’).’;
(b)paragraph 4 is replaced by the following:
‘4. For an exposure covered by an UFCP, an institution using own LGD estimates under Article 143 for both the original exposure and for direct comparable exposures to the protection provider may recognise the unfunded credit protection in the PD in accordance with Article 183.’;
(c)paragraph 5 is deleted;
(d)paragraph 6 is replaced by the following:
‘6. For dilution risk of purchased corporate receivables, PD shall be set equal to the EL estimate of the institution for dilution risk. An institution that has received permission from the competent authority pursuant to Article 143 to use own LGD estimates for corporate exposures that can decompose its EL estimates for dilution risk of purchased corporate receivables into PDs and LGDs in a manner that the competent authority considers to be reliable, may use the PD estimate that results from this decomposition. Institutions may recognise unfunded credit protection in the PD in accordance with Chapter 4.’;
(e)paragraph 7 is replaced by the following:
‘7. An institution that has received the permission of the competent authority pursuant to Article 143 to use own LGD estimates for dilution risk of purchased corporate receivables, may recognise unfunded credit protection by adjusting PDs subject to Article 161(3).’;
(74) Article 161 is amended as follows:
(a)paragraph 1 is amended as follows:
(i)point (a) is replaced by the following:
‘(a) senior exposures without FCP to central governments and central banks and financial sector entities: 45 %;’;
(ii)the following point (aa) is inserted:
‘(aa) senior exposures without FCP, to corporates which are not financial sector entities: 40 %;’;
(iii)point (c) is deleted;
(iv)point (e) is replaced by the following:
‘(e) for senior purchased corporate receivables exposures where an institution is not able to estimate PDs or where the institution's PD estimates do not meet the requirements set out in Section 6: 40 %;’;
(v)point (g) is replaced by the following
‘(g) for dilution risk of purchased corporate receivables: 100 %.’;
(b)paragraph 3 and 4 are replaced by the following:
‘3. For an exposure covered by an unfunded credit protection, an institution using own LGD estimates pursuant to Article 143 for both the original exposure and for direct comparable exposures to the protection provider may recognise the unfunded credit protection in the LGD in accordance with Article 183.
4. For exposures assigned to the exposure class ‘corporates exposure class’ referred to in Article 147(2), point (c), for the sole purpose of calculating risk weighted exposures and expected losses amounts of those exposures, and in particular for the purposes of Article 153(1), point (iii), Article 157, Article 158, paragraphs 1, 5 and 10, where own LGD estimates are used, the LGD values used in input of the risk weight and expect loss formulas shall not be less than the following LGD input floor values, and calculated in accordance with paragraph 5:
Table 2a
| LGD input floors (LGDfloor) for exposures belonging to the exposure class ‘exposure to corporates’ | ||
| exposure without FCP (LGDU-floor) | exposure fully secured by FCP (LGDS-floor) | |
| 25 % | financial collateral | 0 % |
| receivables | 10 % | |
| residential or commercial immovable property | 10 % | |
| other physical collateral | 15 % |
;’;
(c)the following paragraph 5 and 6 are added:
‘5. For the purposes of paragraph 4, the LGD input floors in Table 2a in that paragraph for exposures fully secured with FCP shall apply when the value of the FCP, after the application of the volatility adjustments Hc and Hfx concerned in accordance with Article 230, is equal to or exceeds the value of the underlying exposure. In addition, those values shall be applicable for FCP eligible pursuant to this Chapter.
The applicable LGD input floor (LGDfloor) for an exposure partially secured with FCP is calculated as the weighted average of LGDU-floor for the portion of the exposure without FCP and LGDS-floor for the fully secured portion, as follows:
where:
LGDU-floor and LGDS-floor are the relevant floor values of Table 1;
E , ES , EU and HE are determined as specified in Article 230.
6. Where an institution that uses own LGD estimates for a given type of corporate unsecured exposures is not able to take into account the effect of the FCP securing one of the exposures of that type of exposures in the own LGD estimates, the institution shall be permitted to apply the formula set out in Article 230, with the exception that the LGDU term in that formula shall be the institution’s own LGD estimate. In that case, the FCP shall be eligible in accordance with Chapter 4 and the institution’s own LGD estimate used as LGDU term shall be calculated based on underlying losses data excluding any recoveries arising from that FCP.’;
(75) Article 162 is amended as follows:
(a)paragraph 1 is replaced by the following:
‘1. For exposures for which an institution has not received permission of the competent authority to use own estimates of LGD, the maturity value (‘M’) shall be 2,5 years, except for exposures arising from securities financing transactions, for which M shall be 0,5 years.
Alternatively, as part of the permission referred to in Article 143, the competent authorities may decide on whether the institution shall use the maturity value M as set out in paragraph 2 for all those exposures of for a subset of those exposures.’;
(b)paragraph 2 is amended as follows:
(i)the introductory phrase in paragraph 2 is replaced by the following:
‘For exposures for which an institution applies own estimates of LGD, the maturity value (‘M’) shall be calculated using periods of times expressed in years, as set out in this paragraph and subject to paragraphs 3 to 5 of this Article. M shall be no greater than 5 years, except in the cases specified in Article 384(1) where M as specified there shall be used. M shall be calculated as follows in each of the following cases:’;
(ii)the following points (da) and (db) are inserted:
‘(da) for secured lending transactions which are subject to a master netting agreement, M shall be the weighted average remaining maturity of the transactions where M shall be at least 20 days. The notional amount of each transaction shall be used for weighting the maturity;
(db) for a master netting agreement including more than one transaction types corresponding to points (c), (d) or (da), M shall be the weighted average remaining maturity of the transactions where M shall be at least the longest holding period (expressed in years) to such transactions as provided in Article 224(2) (either 10 days or 20 days, depending on the cases). The notional amount of each transaction shall be used for weighting the maturity’;
(iii)point (f) is replaced by the following:
‘(f) for any instrument other than those referred to in this paragraph or when an institution is not in a position to calculate M as set out in point (a), M shall be the maximum remaining time (in years) that the obligor is permitted to take to fully discharge its contractual obligations (principal, interest, and fees), where M shall be at least one year;’;
(iv)point (i) is replaced by the following:
‘(i) for institutions using the approaches referred to in Article 382a(1), points (a) or (b), to calculate own fund requirement for CVA risks of transactions with a given counterparty, M shall be no greater than 1 in the formula laid out in Article 153(1) for the purposes of calculating the risk weighted exposure amounts for counterparty risk for the same transactions, as referred to in Article 92(4), points (a) or (f), as applicable;’;
(v)point (j) is replaced by the following:
‘(j) For revolving exposures, M shall be determined using the maximum contractual termination date of the facility. Institutions shall not use the repayment date of the current drawing if this date is not the maximum termination date of the facility.’;
(c)paragraph 3 is amended as follows:
(i)in the first subparagraph, the introductory sentence is replaced by the following:
‘Where the documentation requires daily re-margining and daily revaluation and includes provisions that allow for the prompt liquidation or set off of collateral in the event of default or failure to remargin, M shall be the weighted average remaining maturity of the transactions and M shall be at least one day:’;
(ii)the second subparagraph is amended as follows:
–point (b) is replaced by the following:
‘(b) self-liquidating short-term trade finance transactions connected to the exchange of goods or services, including corporate purchased receivables, with a residual maturity of up to 1 year as referred to in Article 4(1), point (80);’;
–the following point (e) is added:
‘(e) issued as well as confirmed letters of credit that are short term that is with a maturity below 1 year, and are self-liquidating.’;
(d)paragraph 4 is replaced by the following:
‘4. For exposures to corporates established in the Union which are not large corporates, institutions may choose to set for all such exposures M as set out in paragraph 1 instead of applying paragraph 2.’;
(e)the following new paragraph 6 is added:
‘6. For the purposes of expressing in years the minimum numbers of days referred to in paragraph 2, points (c) to (db), and paragraph 3, the minimum numbers of days shall be divided by 365,25.’;
(76) Article 163 is amended as follows:
(a)paragraph 1 is replaced by the following:
‘1. For the sole purposes of calculating risk weighted exposures and expected losses amounts of those exposures, and in particular for the purposes of Article 154, Article 157 and Article 158, paragraphs 1, 5 and 10, the PD values used in the input of the risk weight and expected loss formulas shall not be less than the following:
(a)0,1 % for QRRE revolvers;
(b)0,05 % for retail exposures which are not QRRE revolvers.’;
(b)paragraph 4 is replaced by the following:
‘4. For an exposure covered by an unfunded credit protection, an institution using own LGD estimates under Article 143 for direct comparable exposures to the protection provider may recognise the unfunded credit protection in the PD in accordance with Article 183.’;
(77) Article 164 is amended as follows:
(a)paragraphs 1 and 2 are replaced by the following:
‘1. Institutions shall provide own estimates of LGDs subject to the requirements specified in Section 6 of this Chapter and to permission of the competent authorities granted in accordance with Article 143. For dilution risk of purchased receivables, an LGD value of 100 % shall be used. Where an institution can decompose its expected loss estimates for dilution risk of purchased receivables into PDs and LGDs in a reliable manner, the institution may use its own LGD estimate.
2. Institutions using own LGD estimates pursuant to Article 143 for direct comparable exposures to the protection provider may recognise the unfunded credit protection in the LGD in accordance with Article 183.’;
(b)paragraph 3 is deleted;
(c)paragraph 4 is replaced by the following:
‘4. For the sole purpose of calculating risk weighted exposures and expected losses amounts for retail exposures, and in particular pursuant to Article 154(1), Articles 157, Article 158, paragraphs 1 and 10, the LGD used in input of the risk weight and expected loss formulas shall not be less than the LGD input floor values laid down in Table 2aa and in accordance with paragraphs 4a and 4b:
Table 2aa
| LGD input floors (LGDfloor) for retail exposures | |||
| exposure without FCP (LGDU-floor) | exposure secured with FCP (LGDS-floor) | ||
| Retail exposure secured by residential property | N/A | Retail exposure secured by residential property | 5 % |
| QRRE | 50 % | QRRE | N/A |
| Other retail exposure | 30 % | Other retail exposure secured with financial collateral | 0 % |
| Other retail exposure secured with receivables | 10 % | ||
| Other retail exposure secured with residential or commercial immovable property | 10 % | ||
| Other retail exposure secured with other physical collateral | 15 % | ||
’;
(d)the following paragraphs 4a and 4b are inserted:
‘4a. For the purposes of paragraph 4, the following shall apply:
(a)LGD input floors in paragraph 4, Table 2aa shall be applicable for exposures secured with FCP when the FCP is eligible pursuant to this Chapter;
(b)except for retail exposures secured by residential property, the LGD input floors in paragraph 4, Table 2aa shall be applicable to exposures fully secured with FCP where the value of the FCP, after the application of the relevant volatility adjustments in accordance with Article 230, is equal to or exceeds the value of the underlying exposure;
(c)except for retail exposures secured by residential property, the applicable LGD input floor for an exposure partially secured with FCP is calculated in accordance with the formula laid down in Article 161(5);
(d)for retail exposures secured by residential property, the applicable LGD input floor shall be fixed at 5 % irrespective of the level of collateral provided by the residential property.
4b. Where an institution is not able to recognise the effects of the FCP securing one of the exposures of that type of exposures in the own LGD estimates, the institution shall be permitted to apply the formula set out in Article 230, with the exception that the LGDU term in that formula shall be the institution’s own LGD estimate. In that case, the FCP shall be eligible in accordance with Chapter 4 and the institution own LGD estimate used as LGDU term shall be calculated based on underlying losses data excluding any recoveries arising from that FCP.’;
(78) Part Three, Title II, Chapter 3, Section 4, Sub-Section 3 is deleted.;
(79) Article 166 is amended as follows:
(a)paragraph 8 is replaced by the following:
‘8. The exposure value of off-balance sheet items which are not contracts as listed in Annex II, shall be calculated by using either using IRB-CCF or SA-CCF, in accordance with paragraphs 8a and 8b and Article 151(8).
Where the drawn balances of revolving facilities have been securitised, institutions shall ensure that they continue to hold the required amount of own funds against the undrawn balances associated with the securitisation.
An institution that does not use IRB-CCF, shall calculate the exposure value as the committed but undrawn amount multiplied by the SA-CCF concerned.
An institution that does not use IRB-CCF, shall calculate the exposure value for undrawn commitments as the undrawn amount multiplied by an IRB-CCF.’;
(b)the following paragraphs 8a, 8b and 8c are inserted:
8a. For an exposure for which the IRB-CCF is not used, the applicable CCF shall be the SA-CCF as provided under Chapter 2 for the same types of items as laid down in Article 111. The amount to which the SA-CCF shall be applied shall be the lower of the value of the unused committed credit line, and the value that reflects any possible constraining of the availability of the facility, including the existence of an upper limit on the potential lending amount which is related to an obligor’s reported cash flow. Where a facility is constrained in that way, the institution shall have sufficient line monitoring and management procedures to support the existence of that constraining.
8b. Subject to the permission of competent authorities, institutions that meet the requirements for the use of IRB-CCF as specified in Section 6 shall use IRB-CCF for exposures arising from undrawn revolving commitments treated under the IRB Approach provided that those exposures would not be subject to a SA-CCF of 100 % under the Standardised Approach. SA-CCF shall be used for:
(a)all other off-balance sheet items, in particular undrawn non-revolving commitments;
(b)exposures where the minimum requirements for calculating IRB-CCF as specified in Section 6 are not met by the institution or where the competent authority has not permitted the use of IRB-CCFs.
For the purposes of this Article, a commitment shall be deemed ‘revolving’ where it lets an obligor obtain a loan where the obligor has the flexibility to decide how often to withdraw from the loan and at what time intervals, allowing the obligor to drawdown, repay and re-draw loans advanced to it. Contractual arrangements that allow prepayments and subsequent redraws of those prepayments shall be considered as revolving.
8c. For the sole purposes of calculating risk weighted exposures and expected losses amounts of exposures arising from revolving commitments where IRB-CCF are used, in particular pursuant to Article 153(1), Article 157, Article 158 paragraph 1, 5 and 10, the exposure value used as input in the risk weighted exposure amount and expect loss formulas shall not be less that then the sum of:
(a)the drawn amount of the revolving commitment;
(b)50 % of the off-balance exposure amount of the remaining undrawn part of the revolving commitment calculated using the applicable SA-CCF provided for in Article 111.
The sum of points (a) and (b) shall be referred to as the ‘CCF input floor’.’;
(c)paragraph 10 is deleted;
(80) Article 167 is deleted;
(81) in Article 169(3), the following subparagraph is added:
‘EBA shall issue guidelines on how to apply in practice the requirements on model design, risk quantification, validation and application of risk parameters using continuous or very granular rating scales for each risk parameter. Those guidelines shall be adopted in accordance with Article 16 of Regulation (EU) No 1093/2010.’;
(82) in Article 170(4), point (b) is replaced by the following:
‘(b) transaction risk characteristics, including product and funded credit protection, recognised unfunded credit protection, loan to value measures, seasoning and seniority. Institutions shall explicitly address cases where several exposures benefit from the same collateral. For each pool where the institution estimates PD and LGD, the institution shall analyse the representativeness of the age of the facilities in terms of time since origination for PD and time since the date of default for LGD, in the data used to derive the estimates of the institution’s actual facilities;’;
(83) in Article 171, the following paragraph 3 is added:
‘3. Rating systems shall be designed in such a way that idiosyncratic or industry-specific changes are a driver of migrations from one grade to another. In addition, business cycles effects shall be taken into account as a driver for migrations of obligors and facilities from one grade or pool to another.’;
(84) in Article 172, paragraph 1 is amended as follows:
(a)the introductory sentence is replaced by the following:
‘For exposures to corporates, institutions and central governments and central banks, assignment of exposures shall be carried out in accordance with the following criteria:’;
(b)point (d) is replaced by the following:
‘(d) each separate legal entity to which the institution is exposed shall be separately rated;’;
(c) the following subparagraph is added:
‘For the purposes of point (d), an institution shall have appropriate policies for the treatment of individual obligor clients and groups of connected clients. Those policies shall contain a process for the identification of specific wrong way risk for each legal entity to which the institution is exposed. Transactions with counterparties where specific wrong way risk has been identified shall be treated differently when calculating their exposure value;’;
(85) Article 173 is amended as follows:
(a)in paragraph 1, the introductory sentence is replaced by the following:
‘For exposures to corporates, institutions and central governments and central banks, assignment process shall meet the following requirements:’;
(b)paragraph 3 is replaced by the following:
‘3. EBA shall develop draft regulatory technical standards setting out the methodologies of the competent authorities to assess the integrity of the assignment process and the regular and independent assessment of risks.
EBA shall submit those draft regulatory technical standards to the Commission by 31 December 2025.
Power is delegated to the Commission to adopt the regulatory technical standards referred to in the first subparagraph in accordance with Articles 10 to 14 of Regulation (EU) No 1093/2010.’;
(86) Article 174 is amended as follows:
(a)the introductory sentence is replaced by the following:
‘Institutions shall use statistical other mathematical methods (‘models’) to assign exposures to obligors or facilities grades or pools, for which the following requirements shall be met:’;
(b)point (a) is replaced by the following:
‘(a) the model shall have good predictive power and capital requirements shall not be distorted as a result of its use;’;
(c)the following subparagraph is added:
‘For the purposes of point (a), the input variables shall form a reasonable and effective basis for the resulting predictions. The model shall not have material biases. There shall be a functional link between the inputs and the outputs of the model, which may be determined through expert judgement where appropriate.’;
(87) Article 176 is amended as follows:
(a)in paragraph 2, the introductory sentence is replaced by the following:
‘For exposures to corporates, institutions and central governments and central banks, institutions shall collect and store:’;
(b)paragraph 3 is replaced by the following:
‘3. For exposures for which this Chapter allows the calculation of own estimates of LGDs or IRB-CCFs but for which institutions do not use own estimates of LGDs or IRB-CCFs, institutions shall collect and store data on comparisons between realised LGDs and the values as set out in Article 161(1), and between realised CCFs and SA-CCFs as set out in Article 166(8a).’;
(88) in Article 177, paragraph 3 is deleted;
(89) Article 178 is amended as follows:
(a)the title is replaced by the following:
‘Default of an obligor or facility’
(b)in paragraph 1, point (b) is replaced by the following:
‘(b) the obligor is more than 90 days past due on any material credit obligation to the institution, the parent undertaking or any of its subsidiaries.’;
(c)in paragraph 3, point (d) is replaced by the following:
‘(d) the institution consents to a distressed restructuring of the credit obligation where such restructuring is likely to result in a diminished financial obligation due to the material forgiveness, or postponement, of principal, interest or, where relevant, fees. A distressed restructuring shall be considered to have occurred when forbearance measures as referred to in Article 47b have been extended toward the obligor;’;
(90) Article 180 is amended as follows:
(a)paragraph 1 is amended as follows:
(i)the introductory sentence is replaced by the following:
‘In quantifying the risk parameters to be associated with rating grades or pools, institutions shall apply the following requirements specific to PD estimation to exposures to corporates, institutions and central governments and central banks:’;
(ii)point (h) is replaced by the following:
‘(h) irrespective of whether an institution is using external, internal, or pooled data sources, or a combination of the three, for its PD estimation, the length of the underlying historical observation period used shall be at least five years for at least one source.’;
(iii)the following point (i) is added:
‘(i) irrespective of the method used to estimate PD, institutions shall estimate a PD for each rating grade based on the observed historical average one-year default rate that is a simple average based on number of obligors (count weighted) and other approaches, including exposure-weighted averages, shall not be permitted.’;
(iv)the following subparagraph is added:
‘For the purposes of point (h), where the available observation period spans a longer period for any source, and this data is relevant, this longer period shall be used. The data shall include a representative mix of good and bad years relevant for the type of exposures. Subject to the permission of competent authorities, institutions which have not received the permission of the competent authority pursuant to Article 143 to use own estimates of LGDs or conversion factors may use, when they implement the IRB Approach, relevant data covering a period of two years. The period to be covered shall increase by one year each year until relevant data cover a period of five years.’;
(b)paragraph 2 is amended as follows:
(i)point (a) is replaced by the following:
‘(a) institutions shall estimate PDs by obligor or facility grade or pool from long run averages of one-year default rates, and default rates shall be calculated at facility level only where the definition of default is applied at individual credit facility level pursuant to Article 178(1), second subparagraph;’
(ii)point (e) is replaced by the following:
‘(e) irrespective of whether an institution is using external, internal or pooled data sources, or a combination of the three, for its PD estimation, the length of the underlying historical observation period used shall be at least five years for at least one source.’;
(iii)the following subparagraph is added:
‘For the purposes of point (e), where the available observation spans a longer period for any source, and where those data are relevant, such longer period shall be used. The data shall contain a representative mix of good and bad years of the economic cycle relevant for the type of exposures. The PD shall be based on the observed historical average one-year default rate. Subject to the permission of the competent authorities, institutions may use, when they implement the IRB Approach, relevant data covering a period of two years. The period to be covered shall increase by one year each year until relevant data cover a period of five years.’;
(c)paragraph 3 is replaced by the following:
‘EBA shall develop draft regulatory technical standards to specify the methodologies in accordance with which competent authorities shall assess the methodology of an institution for estimating PD pursuant to Article 143.
EBA shall submit those draft regulatory technical standards to the Commission by 31 December 2025.
Power is delegated to the Commission to adopt the regulatory technical standards referred to in the first subparagraph in accordance with Articles 10 to 14 of Regulation (EU) No 1093/2010.’;
(91) Article 181 is amended as follows:
(a)paragraph 1 is amended as follows:
(i)points (c) to (g) are replaced by the following:
‘(c) an institution shall consider the extent of any dependence between, on the one hand, the risk of the obligor and, on the other hand, that of funded credit protection, other than master netting agreements and on-balance sheet netting of loans and deposits, or its provider.;
(d) currency mismatches between the underlying obligation and the funded credit protection other than master netting agreements and on-balance sheet netting of loans and deposits shall be treated conservatively in the institution's assessment of LGD;’
(e) to the extent that LGD estimates take into account the existence of funded credit protection other than master netting agreements and on-balance sheet netting of loans and deposits, those estimates shall not solely be based on the estimated market value of the funded credit protection.;
(f) to the extent that LGD estimates take into account the existence of funded credit protection other than master netting agreements and on-balance sheet netting of loans and deposits, institutions shall establish internal requirements for the management, legal certainty and risk management of that funded credit protection, and those requirements shall be generally consistent with those set out in Chapter 4, Section 3;
(g) to the extent that an institution recognises funded credit protection other than master netting agreements and on-balance sheet netting of loans and deposits for determining the exposure value for counterparty credit risk in accordance with Chapter 6, Section 5 or 6, any amount expected to be recovered from this funded credit protection shall not be taken into account in the LGD estimates;’;
(ii)point (i) is replaced by the following:
‘(i) to the extent that fees for late payments, imposed on the obligor before the time of default, have been capitalised in the institution's income statement, they shall be added to the institution's measure of exposure and loss;’;
(iii) the following point (k) is added:
‘(k) additional drawings after default shall be accounted for in the LGD;’;
(iv)the following subparagraphs are added:
‘For the purposes of point (a), institutions shall adequately take into account recoveries realised in the course of the relevant recovery processes from any form of FCP as well as from UFCP not falling under the definition of Article 142, point (10).
For the purposes of point (c), cases where there is a significant degree of dependence shall be addressed in a conservative manner.
For the purposes of point (e), LGD estimates shall take into account the effect of the potential inability of institutions to expeditiously gain control of their collateral and liquidate it.’;
(b)paragraph 2 is amended as follows:
(i)in the first subparagraph, point (b) is deleted;
(ii)the second subparagraph is replaced by the following:
‘For retail exposures, estimates of LGD shall be based on data over a minimum of five years. Subject to the permission of the competent authorities, institutions may use, when they implement the IRB Approach, relevant data covering a period of two years. The period to be covered shall be increased by one year each year until the data concerned cover a period of five years.’;
(c)the following paragraph 4 is added:
‘4. EBA shall, in accordance with Article 16 of Regulation (EU) No 1093/2010, issue guidelines to clarify the treatment of any form of funded and unfunded credit protection for the purposes of paragraph 1, point (a), and for the purposes of the application of the LGD parameters;’;
(92) Article 182 is amended as follows:
(a)in paragraph 1 is amended as follows:
(i)point (c) is replaced by the following:
‘(c) institutions’ IRB-CCF shall reflect the possibility of additional drawings by the obligor up to the time a default event is triggered. The IRB-CCF shall incorporate a larger margin of conservatism where a stronger positive correlation can reasonably be expected between the default frequency and the magnitude of conversion factor;’;
(ii)the following points (g) and (h) are added:
‘(g) institutions’ IRB-CCF shall be developed using a 12-month fixed-horizon approach. For that purpose, for each observation in the reference data set, default outcomes shall be linked to relevant obligor and facility characteristics at a fixed reference date defined as 12 months prior to default day;
(h) institutions’ IRB-CCF shall be based on reference data that reflect the obligor, facility and bank management practice characteristics of the exposures to which the estimates are applied.
(iii)the following subparagraphs are added:
‘For the purposes of point (c), the IRB-CCF shall incorporate a larger margin of conservatism where a stronger positive correlation can reasonably be expected between the default frequency and the magnitude of the conversion factor.
For the purposes of point (g), for each observation in the reference data set, default outcomes shall be linked to relevant obligor and facility characteristics at a fixed reference date which shall be set as 12 months prior to default day.
For the purposes of point (h), IRB-CCF applied to particular exposures shall not be based on data that comingle the effects of disparate characteristics or data from exposures that exhibit different risk characteristics. IRB-CCF shall be based on appropriately homogenous segments. For that purpose, the following practices shall not be allowed:
(a)SME/mid-market underlying data being applied to larger corporate obligors;
(b)data from commitments with ‘small’ unused limit availability being applied to facilities with ‘large’ unused limit availability;
(c)data from delinquent obligors or blocked for further drawdowns at reference date being applied to obligors with no known delinquency or relevant restrictions;
(d)data that have been affected by changes in the obligors’ mix of borrowing and other credit-related products over the observation period unless those data have been effectively by removing the effects of the changes in the product mix.
For the purposes of the fourth subparagraph, point (d), institutions shall demonstrate to the competent authorities that they have a detailed understanding of the impact of changes in customer product mix on the exposures reference data sets and associated CCF estimates, and that the impact is immaterial or has been effectively mitigated within their estimation process. In that regard, the following shall not be deemed appropriate:
(a)setting floors to CCF or exposure values observations
(b)the use of obligor-level estimates that do not fully cover the relevant product transformation options or inappropriately combine products with very different characteristics,
(c)adjusting only material observations affected by product transformation,
(d)excluding observations affected by product profile transformation.’;
(b)in paragraph 3, the first subparagraph is deleted;
(c)the following paragraph 5 is added:
‘5. EBA shall, in accordance with Article 16 of Regulation (EU) No 1093/2010, issue guidelines to specify the methodology institutions shall apply to estimate IRB-CCF.
EBA shall submit those draft regulatory technical standards to the Commission by 31 December 2026.
Power is delegated to the Commission to adopt the regulatory technical standards referred to in the first subparagraph in accordance with Articles 10 to 14 of Regulation (EU) No 1093/2010.’;
(93) Article 183 is amended as follows
(a)the title is replaced by the following:
‘Requirements for assessing the effect of unfunded credit protection for exposures to corporates, central governments and central banks where own estimates of LGD are used and for retail exposures’;
(b)paragraph 1 is amended as follows:
(i)point (c) is replaced by the following:
‘(c) the guarantee shall be evidenced in writing, non-cancellable and non-changeable on the part of the guarantor, in force until the obligation is satisfied in full, to the extent of the amount and tenor of the guarantee, and legally enforceable against the guarantor in a jurisdiction where the guarantor has assets to attach and enforce a judgement;
(ii)the following points (d) and (e) are added:
‘(d) the guarantee shall be unconditional.
(e) first-to-default credit derivatives may be recognised as eligible unfunded credit protection, but second-to-default or more generally nth-to-default credit derivatives shall not be recognised as eligible unfunded credit protection.’;
(iii)the following subparagraph is added:
‘For the purposes of point (d), an ‘unconditional guarantee’ means a guarantee where the credit protection contract does not contain any clause the fulfilment of which is outside the direct control of the lending institution and, that could prevent the guarantor from being obliged to pay out in a timely manner in the event that the original obligor fails to make any payments due. A clause in the credit protection contract providing that a faulty due diligence or fraud by the lending institution cancels or diminishes the extent of the guarantee offered by the guarantor shall not disqualify that guarantee from being considered as unconditional. Any credit protection contract which can, in the event of fraud of the obligor, be cancelled or of which the extent of credit protection can be diminished, shall not be considered as unconditional.
Guarantees where the payment by the guarantor is subject to the lending institution first having to pursue the obligor and that only cover losses remaining after the institutions has completed the workout process shall be considered as unconditional.’;
(c)the following paragraph 1a is added:
‘1a. Institutions may recognise unfunded credit protection by using either the PD/LGD modelling approach, in accordance with this Article and subject to the requirement set out in paragraph 4, or the substitution of risk parameters approach under A-IRB as referred to in Article 236a and subject to the eligibility requirements of Chapter 4. Institutions should have clear policies for assessing the effects of unfunded credit protection on risk parameters. The policies of the institutions shall be consistent with their internal risk management practices and shall reflect the requirements of this Article. Those policies shall clearly specify which of the specific methods described in this subparagraph are used for each rating system, and institutions shall apply those policies consistently over time.’;
(d)paragraph 4 is replaced by the following:
‘4. Where institutions recognise unfunded credit protection by the PD/LGD modelling approach, the covered portion of the underlying exposure shall not be assigned a risk weight which would be lower than the protection-provider-RW-floor. For that purpose, the protection-provider-RW-floor shall be calculated using the same PD, the same LGD and the same risk weight function as the ones used applicable to comparable direct exposure to the protection provider as referred to in Article 236a.’;
(e)paragraph 6 is deleted;
(94) in Part Three, Title II, Chapter 3, Section 6, Sub-Section 4 is deleted;
(95) in Article 192, the following points (5) to (8) are added:
‘(5) ‘substitution of risk weight approach under SA’ means the substitution, in accordance with Article 235, of the risk weight of the underlying exposure with the risk weight applicable under the Standardised Approach to a comparable direct exposure to the protection provider;
(6) ‘substitution of risk weight approach under IRB’ means the substitution, in accordance with Article 235a, of the risk weight of the underlying exposure with the risk weight applicable under the Standardised Approach to a comparable direct exposure to the protection provider;
(7) ‘substitution of risk parameters approach under F-IRB’ means the substitution, in accordance with Article 236, of both the PD and LGD risk parameters of the underlying exposure with the corresponding PD and LGD that would be assigned under the IRB approach without using own LGD estimates to a comparable direct exposures to the protection provider;
(8) ‘substitution of risk parameters approach under A-IRB’ means the substitution, in accordance with Article 236a, of both the PD and LGD risk parameters of the underlying exposure with the corresponding PD and LGD that would be assigned under the IRB approach using own LGD estimates to a comparable direct exposure to the protection provider.’;
(96) in Article 193, the following paragraph 7 is added:
‘7. Collateral that satisfies all eligibility requirements set out in this Chapter can be recognised as such even for exposures associated with undrawn facilities. Where drawing under the facility is conditional on the prior or simultaneous purchase or reception of collateral to the extent of the institution’s interest in the collateral once the facility is drawn, such that the institution does not have any interest in the collateral to the extent the facility is not drawn, such collateral can be recognised for the exposure arising from the undrawn facility.’;
(97) in Article 194, paragraph 10 is deleted;
(98) in Article 197, paragraph 1 is amended as follows:
(a)points (b) to (e) are replaced by the following:
‘(b) debt securities satisfying all of the following conditions:
(i)the debt securities are issued by central governments or central banks;
(ii)the debt securities have a credit assessment carried out by an ECAI or export credit agency that:
–has been recognised as being eligible for the purposes of Chapter 2;
–has been determined by EBA to be associated with credit quality step 1, 2, 3 or 4 under the rules for the risk weighting of exposures to central governments and central banks under Chapter 2;
(c) debt securities satisfying all of the following conditions:
(i)those debt securities are issued by institutions;
(ii)those debt securities have a credit assessment carried out by an ECAI that:
–has been recognised as being eligible for the purposes of Chapter 2;
–has been determined by EBA to be associated with credit quality step 1, 2 or 3 under the rules for the risk weighting of exposures to corporates under Chapter 2;
(d) debt securities satisfying all of the following conditions:
(i)those debt securities are issued by other entities;
(ii)those debt securities have a credit assessment carried out by an ECAI that satisfies all of the following conditions:
–the ECAI has been recognised as being eligible for the purposes of Chapter 2;
–the ECAI has been determined by EBA to be associated with credit quality step 1, 2 or 3 under the rules for the risk weighting of exposures to institutions under Chapter 2;
(e) debt securities having a short-term credit assessment carried out by an ECAI that satisfies all of the following conditions:
(i)the ECAI has been recognised as being eligible for the purposes of Chapter 2; and
(ii)the ECAI has been determined by EBA to be associated with credit quality step 1, 2 or 3 under the rules for the risk weighting of short-term exposures under Chapter 2;’;
(b)point (g) is replaced by the following:
‘(g) gold bullion;’;
(99) Article 199 is amended as follows:
(a)paragraph 2 is replaced by the following:
‘2. Unless otherwise specified under Article 124(7), institutions may use as eligible collateral residential property which is or will be occupied or let by the owner, or the beneficial owner in the case of personal investment companies, and commercial immovable property, including offices and other commercial premises, where both of the following conditions are met:
(a)the value of the property does not materially depend upon the credit quality of the obligor;
(b)the risk of the borrower does not materially depend upon the performance of the underlying property or project, but on the underlying capacity of the borrower to repay the debt from other sources, and as a consequence the repayment of the facility does not materially depend on any cash flow generated by the underlying property serving as collateral.
For the purposes of point (a), institutions may exclude situations where purely macro-economic factors affect both the value of the property and the performance of the borrower. ’;
(b)in paragraph 3, point (a) is replaced by the following:
‘(a) losses stemming from loans collateralised by residential property up to 55 % of the value determined in accordance with Article 229, unless otherwise provided under Article 124(7), do not exceed 0,3 % of the outstanding loans collateralised by residential property in any given year;’;
(c)in paragraph 4, point (a) is replaced by the following:
‘(a) losses stemming from loans collateralised by commercial property up to 55 % of the value determined in accordance with Article 229, unless otherwise provided under Article 124(7), do not exceed 0,3 % of the outstanding loans collateralised by commercial property in any given year;’;
(d)in paragraph 5, the following subparagraph is added:
‘Where a public development credit institution as defined in Article 429a(2) issues a promotional loan as defined in Article 429a(3) to another institution, or to a financial institution that is authorised to perform activities as referred to in points 2 or 3 of Annex I to Directive 2013/36/EU and that meets the conditions pursuant to Article 119(5) of this Regulation, and where that other institution or financial institution passes through directly or indirectly that promotional loan to an ultimate obligor and cedes the receivable from the promotional loan as collateral to the public development credit institution, the public development credit institution may use the ceded receivable as eligible collateral, regardless of the original maturity of the ceded receivable.’;
(e)in paragraph 6, in the first subparagraph, point (d) is replaced by the following:
‘(d) the institution demonstrates that in at least 90 % of all liquidations for a given type of collateral the realised proceeds from the collateral are not below 70 % of the collateral value. Where there is material volatility in the market prices, the institution demonstrates to the satisfaction of the competent authorities that its valuation of the collateral is sufficiently conservative.’;
(100)Article 201 is amended as follows:
(a)paragraph 1 is amended as follows:
(i)point (d) is replaced by the following:
‘ (d) international organisations to which a 0 % risk weight is assigned in accordance with in Article 118;’;
(ii)the following point (fa) is inserted:
‘(fa) regulated financial sector entities;’;
(iii)point (g) is replaced by the following:
‘(g) where the credit protection is not provided to a securitisation exposure, other undertakings, that have a credit assessment by an ECAI, including parent undertakings, subsidiaries or affiliated entities of the obligor where those parent undertakings, subsidiaries or affiliated entities have a lower risk weight than that of the obligor;’;
(iv)the following point (ga) is inserted:
‘(ga) where the credit protection is provided to a securitisation exposure, other undertakings, that have a credit assessment by an ECAI of credit quality step 1, 2 or 3 and that had a credit assessment of credit quality step 1 or 2 at the time the credit protection was provided, including parent undertakings, subsidiaries and affiliated entities of the obligor where those parent undertakings, subsidiaries or affiliated entitieshave a lower risk weight than that of the obligor;’;
(v)the following subparagraph is added:
‘For the purposes of point (fa), ‘regulated financial sector entity’ means a financial sector entity meeting the condition laid down in Article 142(1), point (4)(b).’;
(b)paragraph 2 is replaced by the following:
‘2. In addition to the protection providers listed in paragraph 1, corporate entities that are internally rated by the institution in accordance with Chapter 3, Section 6, shall be eligible protection providers of unfunded credit protection where the institution treats those corporate entities under the IRB Approach.’;
(101)Article 202 is deleted;
(102)in Article 204, the following paragraph 3 is added:
‘3. First-to-default and all other nth-to-default credit derivatives shall not be eligible forms of unfunded credit protection under this Chapter.
Risk-weighted exposures amounts shall be calculated for first-to-default credit derivatives. For that purpose, the risk-weights of the underlying assets included in the basket shall be aggregated up to a maximum of 1250 % and multiplied by the nominal amount of the protection provided by the credit derivative to obtain the risk-weighted exposure amount for the exposure related to that derivative.
For second-to-default credit derivatives, the treatment shall be identical, except that in aggregating the risk-weights, the underlying asset with the lowest risk-weighted exposure amount shall be excluded from the calculation. Such a treatment shall also apply for nth-to-default credit derivatives, for which the n-1 assets with the lowest risk-weighted exposure amounts shall be excluded from the calculation.’;
(103)Article 208 is amended as follows:
(a)paragraph 3 is amended as follows:
(i)in point (b), the following sentences are added:
‘The value of the property shall not exceed the average value measured for that property or for a comparable property over the last three years in case of commercial immovable property, and over the last six years in case of residential property. Modifications made to the property that improve the energy efficiency of the building or housing unit shall be considered as unequivocally increasing its value.’;
(ii)the second subparagraph is deleted;
(b)the following paragraph 3a is inserted:
‘3a. In accordance with paragraph 3 and subject to the approval of the competent authorities, institutions may carry out the valuation and revaluation of the property value by means of advanced statistical or other mathematical methods (‘models’), developed independently from the credit decision process, subject to the fulfilment of the following conditions:
(a)the institutions set out, in their policies and procedures, the criteria for using models to valuate, revaluate and monitor the values of collateral. Those policies and procedures shall account for such models’ proven track record, property-specific variables considered, the use of minimum available and accurate information, and the models’ uncertainty;
(b)the institutions ensure that the models used are:
(i)property and location specific at a sufficient level of granularity;
(ii)valid and accurate, and subject to robust and regular back-testing against the actual observed transaction prices;
(iii)based on a sufficiently large and representative sample, based on observed transaction prices;
(iv)based on up-to-date data of high quality;
(c)the institutions are ultimately responsible for the appropriateness and performance of the models, the valuer referred to in paragraph 3, point (b), is responsible for the valuation that is made using the models and the institutions understand the methodology, input data and assumptions of the models used;
(d)the institutions ensure that the documentation of the models is up to date;
(e)the institutions have in place adequate IT processes, systems and capabilities and have sufficient and accurate data for any model-based valuation or revaluation of collateral;
(f)the estimates of models are independently validated and the validation process is generally consistent with the principles set out in Article 185, and the independent valuer referred to in paragraph 3, point (b) is responsible for the final values used by the institution for the purposes of this Chapter.’;
(c)paragraph 5 is replaced by the following:
‘5. The immovable property taken as credit protection shall be adequately insured against the risk of damage and institutions shall have in place procedures to monitor the adequacy of the insurance.’;
(104)in Article 210, the following subparagraph is added:
‘Where general security agreements, or other forms of floating charge, provide the lending institution with a registered claim over a company’s assets and where that claim contains both assets that are not eligible as collateral under the IRB Approach and assets that are eligible as collateral under the IRB Approach, the institution may recognise those latter assets as eligible funded credit protection. In that case, that recognition shall be conditional on those assets meeting the requirements for eligibility of collateral under the IRB Approach as set out in this Chapter.’;
(105)in Article 213, paragraph 1 is replaced by the following:
‘1. Subject to Article 214(1), credit protection deriving from a guarantee or credit derivative shall qualify as eligible unfunded credit protection where all of the following conditions are met:
(a)the credit protection is direct;
(b)the extent of the credit protection is clearly set out and incontrovertible;
(c)the credit protection contract does not contain any clause, the fulfilment of which is outside the direct control of the lending institution, that:
(i)would allow the protection provider to cancel or change the credit protection unilaterally;
(ii)would increase the effective cost of the credit protection as a result of a deterioration in the credit quality of the protected exposure;
(iii)could prevent the protection provider from being obliged to pay out in a timely manner in the event that the original obligor fails to make any payments due, or where the leasing contract has expired for the purposes of recognising guaranteed residual value under Articles 134(7) and 166(4);
(iv)could allow the maturity of the credit protection to be reduced by the protection provider;
(d)the credit protection contract is legally effective and enforceable in all jurisdictions which are relevant at the time of the conclusion of the credit agreement.
For the purposes of point (c), a clause in the credit protection contract providing that faulty due diligence or fraud by the lending institution cancels or diminishes the extent of the credit protection offered by the guarantor, shall not disqualify that credit protection from being eligible. Any credit protection contract which can, in the event of fraud of the obligor, be cancelled or of which the extent of credit protection can be diminished, shall be considered to not meet those requirements.
For the purposes of point (c), the protection provider may make one lump sum payment of all monies due under the claim, or may assume the future payment obligations of the obligor covered by the credit protection contract.’;
(106)Article 215 is amended as follows:
(a)paragraph 1 is amended as follows:
(i)point (a) is replaced by the following:
‘(a) on the qualifying default of or non-payment by the obligor, the lending institution has the right to pursue, in a timely manner, the guarantor for any monies due under the claim in respect of which the protection is provided.’;
(ii)the following subparagraphs are added:
‘The payment by the guarantor shall not be subject to the lending institution first having to pursue the obligor.
In the case of unfunded credit protection covering residential mortgage loans, the requirements in Article 213(1), point (c)(iii), and in the first subparagraph of this point, shall only have to be satisfied within 24 months.’;
(b)paragraph 2 is replaced by the following:
‘2. In the case of guarantees provided in the context of mutual guarantee schemes or provided by or counter-guaranteed by entities as listed in Article 214(2), the requirements in paragraph 1, point (a), of this Article and in Article 213(1), point (c)(iii) shall be considered to be satisfied where either of the following conditions is met:
(a)pursuant to the default of the obligor or to the event that the original obligor fails to make any payments due, the lending institution has the right to obtain in a timely manner a provisional payment by the guarantor that meets both the following conditions:
(i)the provisional payment represents a robust estimate of the amount of the loss that the lending institution is likely to incur, including losses resulting from the non-payment of interest and other types of payment which the borrower is obliged to make;
(ii)the provisional payment is proportional to the coverage of the guarantee;
(b)the lending institution can demonstrate to the satisfaction of the competent authorities that the effects of the guarantee, which shall also cover losses resulting from the non-payment of interest and other types of payments which the borrower is obliged to make, justify such treatment.’;
(107)in Article 216, the following paragraph 3 is added:
‘3. By way of derogation from paragraph 1, for a corporate exposure covered by a credit derivative, the credit event referred to in point (a)(iii) of that paragraph shall not need to be specified in the derivative contract provided that all of the following conditions are met:
(a)a 100 % vote is needed to amend the maturity, principal, coupon, currency or seniority status of the underlying corporate exposure;
(b)the legal domicile in which the corporate exposure is governed has a well-established bankruptcy code that allows for a company to reorganise and restructure, and provides for an orderly settlement of creditor claims.
Where the conditions laid down in point (a) and (b) are not met, the credit protection may nonetheless be eligible subject to a reduction in the value as specified in Article 233(2).’;
(108)Article 217 is deleted;
(109)Article 219 is replaced by the following:
‘Article 219
On-balance sheet netting
Loans to and deposits with the lending institution subject to on-balance sheet netting shall be treated by that institution as cash collateral for the purposes of calculating the effect of funded credit protection for those loans and deposits of the lending institution subject to on-balance sheet netting.’;
(110)Article 220 is amended as follows:
(a)the title is replaced by the following:
‘Using the Supervisory Volatility Adjustments Approach for master netting agreements’;
(b)paragraph 1 is replaced by the following:
‘1. Institutions that calculate the ‘fully adjusted exposure value’ (E*) for the exposures subject to an eligible master netting agreement covering securities financing transactions or other capital market-driven transactions shall calculate the volatility adjustments that they need to apply by using the Supervisory Volatility Adjustments Approach set out in Articles 223 to 227 for the Financial Collateral Comprehensive Method.’;
(c)in paragraph 2, point (c) is replaced by the following:
‘(c) apply the value of the volatility adjustment, or, where relevant, the absolute value volatility adjustment appropriate for a given group of securities or for a given type of commodities, to the absolute value of the positive or negative net position in the securities in that group of securities, or to the commodities from that type of commodities;’;
(d)paragraph 3 is replaced by the following:
‘3. Institutions shall calculate E* in accordance with the following formula:
where:
i = the index that denotes all separate securities, commodities or cash positions under the agreement, that are either lent, sold with an agreement to repurchase, or posted by the institution to the counterparty;
j = the index that denotes all separate securities, commodities or cash positions under the agreement that are either borrowed, purchased with an agreement to resell, or held by the institution;
k = the index that denotes all separate currencies in which any securities, commodities or cash positions under the agreement are denominated;
= the exposure value of a given security commodity or cash position i, that is either lent, sold with an agreement to repurchase, or posted to the counterparty under the agreement that would apply in the absence of credit protection, where institutions calculate the risk weighted exposure amounts in accordance with Chapter 2 or Chapter 3, as applicable;
= the value of a given security, commodity or cash position j that is either borrowed, purchased with an agreement to resell, or held by the institution under the agreement;
= the net position (positive or negative) in a given currency k other than the settlement currency of the agreement as calculated in accordance with paragraph 2, point (b);
= the foreign exchange volatility adjustment for currency k;
= the net exposure of the agreement, calculated as follows:
where:
l = the index that denotes all distinct groups of the same securities and all distinct types of the same commodities under the agreement;
= the net position (positive or negative) in a given group of securities l, or a given type of commodities l, under the agreement, calculated in accordance with paragraph 2, point (a);
= the volatility adjustment appropriate to a given group of securities l, or a given type of commodities l, determined in accordance with paragraph 2, point (c). The sign of shall be determined as follows:
(a)it shall have a positive sign where the group of securities l is lent, sold with an agreement to repurchase, or transacted in a manner similar to either securities lending or a repurchase agreement;
(b)it shall have a negative sign where group of securities l is borrowed, purchased with an agreement to resell, or transacted in a manner similar to either a securities borrowing or reverse repurchase agreement;
N = the total number of distinct groups of the same securities and distinct types of the same commodities under the agreement; for the purposes of this calculation, those groups and types for which is less than shall not be counted;
= the gross exposure of the agreement, calculated as follows:
.’;
(111)Article 221 is amended as follows:
(a)paragraphs 1, 2 and 3 are replaced by the following:
‘1. For the purposes of calculating risk-weighted exposure amounts and expected loss amounts for securities financing transactions or other capital market-driven transactions other than derivative transactions covered by an eligible master netting agreement that meets the requirements set out in Chapter 6, Section 7, an institution may calculate the fully adjusted exposure value (E*) of the agreement using the internal models approach, provided that the institution meets the conditions set out in paragraph 2.’;
2. An institution may use the internal models approach where all of the following conditions are met:
(a)the institution uses that approach only for exposures for which the risk weighted exposures amounts are calculated under the IRB Approach set out in Chapter 3;
(b)the institution is granted the permission to use that approach by its competent authorities’;
3. An institution that uses an internal models approach shall do so for all counterparties and securities, with the exception of immaterial portfolios for which it may use the Supervisory Volatility Adjustments Approach laid down in Article 220’;
(b)paragraph 8 is deleted.
(112)Article 223 is amended as follows
(a)in paragraph 4, point (b) is replaced by the following:
‘(b) for off-balance sheet items other than derivatives treated under the IRB Approach, institutions shall calculate their exposure values using CCFs of 100 % instead of the SA-CCFs or IRB-CCFs provided for in Article 166, paragraphs 8, 8a and 8b.’;
(b)paragraph 6 is replaced by the following:
‘6. Institutions shall calculate volatility adjustments by using the Supervisory Volatility Adjustments Approach referred to in Articles 224 to 227.’;
(113)In Article 224, paragraph 1, Tables 1 to 4 are replaced by the following:
‘Table 1
| Table 1Credit quality step with which the credit assessment of the debt security is associated | Residual Maturity (m), expressed in years | Volatility adjustments for debt securities issued by entities as referred to in Article 197(1), point (b) | Volatility adjustments for debt securities issued by entities as referred to inArticle 197(1), points (c) and (d) | Volatility adjustments for securitisation positions and meeting the criteria laid down in Article 197(1), point (h) | ||||||
| 20-day liquidation period (%) | 10-day liquidation period (%) | 5-day liquidation period (%) | 20-day liquidation period (%) | 10-day liquidation period (%) | 5-day liquidation period (%) | 20-day liquidation period (%) | 10-day liquidation period (%) | 5-day liquidation period (%) | ||
| 1 | m ≤ 1 | 0,707 | 0,5 | 0,354 | 1,414 | 1 | 0,707 | 2,828 | 2 | 1,414 |
| 1 < m ≤ 3 | 2,828 | 2 | 1,414 | 4,243 | 3 | 2,121 | 11,314 | 8 | 5,657 | |
| 3 < m ≤ 5 | 2,828 | 2 | 1,414 | 5,657 | 4 | 2,828 | 11,314 | 8 | 5,657 | |
| 5 < m ≤ 10 | 5,657 | 4 | 2,828 | 8,485 | 6 | 4,243 | 22,627 | 16 | 11,314 | |
| m > 10 | 5,657 | 4 | 2,828 | 16,971 | 12 | 8,485 | 22,627 | 16 | 11,314 | |
| 2-3 | m ≤ 1 | 1,414 | 1 | 0,707 | 2,828 | 2 | 1,414 | 5,657 | 4 | 2,828 |
| 1 < m ≤ 3 | 4,243 | 3 | 2,121 | 5,657 | 4 | 2,828 | 16,971 | 12 | 8,485 | |
| 3 < m ≤ 5 | 4,243 | 3 | 2,121 | 8,485 | 6 | 4,243 | 16,971 | 12 | 8,485 | |
| 5 < m ≤ 10 | 8,485 | 6 | 4,243 | 16,971 | 12 | 8,485 | 33,941 | 24 | 16,971 | |
| m > 10 | 8,485 | 6 | 4,243 | 28,284 | 20 | 14,142 | 33,941 | 24 | 16,971 | |
| 4 | all | 21,213 | 15 | 10,607 | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A |
Table 2
| Credit quality step with which the credit assessment of a short term debt security is associated | Residual Maturity (m), expressed in years | Volatility adjustments for debt securities issued by entities as referred to inArticle 197(1), point (b) with short-term credit assessments | Volatility adjustments for debt securities issued by entities as referred to inArticle 197(1), points (c) and (d) with short-term credit assessments | Volatility adjustments for securitisation positions and meeting the criteria laid down in Article 197(1), point (h) with short-term credit assessments | ||||||
| 20-day liquidation period (%) | 10-day liquidation period (%) | 5-day liquidation period (%) | 20-day liquidation period (%) | 10-day liquidation period (%) | 5-day liquidation period (%) | 20-day liquidation period (%) | 10-day liquidation period (%) | 5-day liquidation period (%) | ||
| 1 | 0,707 | 0,5 | 0,354 | 1,414 | 1 | 0,707 | 2,828 | 2 | 1,414 | |
| 2-3 | 1,414 | 1 | 0,707 | 2,828 | 2 | 1,414 | 5,657 | 4 | 2,828 |
Table 3
Other collateral or exposure types
| 20-day liquidation period (%) | 10-day liquidation period (%) | 5-day liquidation period (%) | |
| Main Index Equities, Main Index Convertible Bonds | 28,284 | 20 | 14,142 |
| Other Equities or Convertible Bonds listed on a recognised exchange | 42,426 | 30 | 21,213 |
| Cash | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Gold bullion | 28,284 | 20 | 14,142 |
Table 4
Volatility adjustment for currency mismatch (Hfx)
| 20-day liquidation period (%) | 10-day liquidation period (%) | 5-day liquidation period (%) |
| 11,314 | 8 | 5,657 |
’;
(114)Article 225 is deleted;
(115)Article 226 is replaced by the following:
‘Article 226
Scaling up of volatility adjustment under the Financial Collateral Comprehensive Method
The volatility adjustments set out in Article 224 are the volatility adjustments an institution shall apply where there is daily revaluation. Where the frequency of revaluation is less than daily, institutions shall apply larger volatility adjustments. Institutions shall calculate them by scaling up the daily revaluation volatility adjustments, using the following square-root-of-time formula:
where:
H = the volatility adjustment to be applied;
= the volatility adjustment where there is daily revaluation;
= the actual number of business days between revaluations;
= the liquidation period for the type of transaction in question.’;
(116)in Article 227, paragraph 1 is replaced by the following:
‘1. Institutions that use the Supervisory Volatility Adjustments Approach referred to in Article 224, may, for repurchase transactions and securities lending or borrowing transactions, apply a 0 % volatility adjustment instead of the volatility adjustments calculated under Articles 224 to 226, provided that the conditions set out in paragraph 2, points (a) to (h) are satisfied. Institutions that use the internal models approach set out in Article 221 shall not use the treatment set out in this Article.’;
(117)Article 228 is amended as follows:
(a)the title is replaced by the following:
‘Calculating risk-weighted exposure amounts under the Financial Collateral Comprehensive method for exposures in the Standardised Approach’;
(b)paragraph 2 is deleted;
(118)Article 229 is amended as follows:
(a)the title is replaced by the following:
‘Valuation principles for eligible collateral other than financial collateral’;
(b)paragraph 1 is replaced by the following:
‘1. The valuation of immovable property shall meet all of the following requirements:
(a)the value shall be appraised independently from an institution’s mortgage acquisition, loan processing and loan decision process by an independent valuer who possesses the necessary qualifications, ability and experience to execute a valuation;
(b)the value is appraised using prudently conservative valuation criteria which meet all of the following requirements:
(i)the value excludes expectations on price increases;
(ii)the value is adjusted to take into account the potential for the current market price to be significantly above the value that would be sustainable over the life of the loan;
(c)the value is not higher than a market value for the immovable property where such market value can be determined.
The value of the collateral shall reflect the results of the monitoring required under Article 208(3) and take account of any prior claims on the immovable property.’;
(119)Article 230 is replaced by the following:
‘Article 230
Calculating risk-weighted exposure amounts and expected loss amounts for an exposure with an eligible FCP under the IRB Approach
1. Under the IRB Approach, except for those exposures that fall under the scope of Article 220, institutions shall use the effective LGD (LGD*) as the LGD for the purposes of Chapter 3 to recognise funded credit protection eligible pursuant to this Chapter. Institutions shall calculate LGD* as follows:
where:
E = the exposure value before taking into account the effect of the funded credit protection. For an exposure secured with financial collateral eligible in accordance with this Chapter, that amount shall be calculated in accordance with Article 223(3). In the case of securities lent or posted, that amount shall be equal to the cash lent or securities lent or posted. For securities that are lent or posted the exposure value shall be increased by applying the volatility adjustment (HE) in accordance with Articles 223 to 227;
ES = the current value of the funded credit protection received after the application of the volatility adjustment applicable to that type of funded credit protection (HC) and the application of the volatility adjustment for currency mismatches (Hfx) between the exposure and the funded credit protection, in accordance with paragraphs 2 and 2a. ES shall be capped at the following value: E·(1+HE);
EU = E·(1+HE) - ES;
LGDU = the applicable LGD for an unsecured exposure as set out in Article 161(1);
LGDS = the applicable LGD to exposures secured by the type of eligible FCP used in the transaction, as specified in paragraph 2, Table 2aaa.
2. Table 2aaa specifies the values of LGDS and Hc applicable in the formula set out in paragraph 1.
Table 2aaa
| Type of FCP | LGDS | Volatility adjustment (Hc) |
| financial collateral | 0 % | Volatility adjustment Hc as set out in Articles 224 to 227. |
| receivables | 20 % | 40 % |
| residential and commercial immovable property | 20 % | 40 % |
| Other physical collateral | 25 % | 40 % |
| Ineligible FCP | Not applicable | 100 % |
2a. Where an eligible funded credit protection is denominated in a different currency than that of the exposure, the volatility adjustment for currency mismatch (Hfx) shall be the same as the one that applies pursuant to Articles 224 to 227.
3. As an alternative to the treatment set out in paragraphs 1 and 2, and subject to Article 124(7), institutions may assign a 50 % risk weight to the part of the exposure that is, within the limits set out in Article 125(1), point (a) and Article 126(1), point (a) respectively, fully collateralised by residential property or commercial immovable property situated within the territory of a Member State where all of the conditions laid down in Article 199, paragraph 3 or 4 are met.
4. To calculate risk-weighted exposure amounts and expected loss amounts for IRB exposures that fall within the scope of Article 220, institutions shall use E* in accordance with Article 220(4) and shall use LGD for unsecured exposures, as set out in Article 161(1), points (a), (aa) and (b).’;
(120)Article 231 is replaced by the following:
‘Article 231
Calculating risk-weighted exposure amounts and expected loss amounts in the case of pools of eligible funded credit protections for an exposure under the IRB Approach
Institutions that have obtained multiple types of funded credit protections may, for exposures treated under the IRB Approach, apply the formula set out in Article 230, sequentially for each individual type of collateral. For that purpose, those institutions shall, after each step of recognising one individual type of FCP, reduce the remaining value of the unsecured exposure (EU) by the adjusted value of the collateral (ES) recognised in that step. In accordance with Article 230(1), the total of ES across all funded credit protection types shall be capped at the value of E·(1+HE), resulting in the following formula:
where:
LGDS,i = the LGD applicable to FCP i, as specified in Article 230(2);
ES,i = the current value of FCP i received after the application of the volatility adjustment applicable for the type of FCP (Hc) pursuant to Article 230(2).’;
(121)in Article 232, paragraph 1 is replaced by the following:
‘1. Where the conditions set out in Article 212(1) are met, cash on deposit with, or cash assimilated instruments held by, a third party institution in a non-custodial arrangement and pledged to the lending institution, may be treated as a guarantee provided by the third party institution.’;
(122)in Article 233, paragraph 4 is replaced by the following:
‘4. Institutions shall base the volatility adjustments for any currency mismatch on a 10 business day liquidation period, assuming daily revaluation, and shall calculate those adjustments based on the Supervisory Volatility Adjustments as set out in Articles 224. Institutions shall scale up the volatility adjustments in accordance with Article 226.’;
(123)Article 235 is amended as follows:
(a)the title is amended as follows:
‘Calculating risk-weighted exposure amounts under the substitution approach when the guaranteed exposure is under the Standardised Approach’;
(b)paragraph 1 is replaced by the following:
‘1. For the purposes of Article 113(3), institutions shall calculate the risk-weighted exposure amounts for exposures with unfunded credit protection to which those institutions apply the Standardised Approach, irrespective of the treatment of comparable direct exposure to the protection provider, in accordance with the following formula:
max{0, E - GA} · r + GA · g
where:
E = the exposure value calculated in accordance with Article 111. For that purpose, the exposure value of an off-balance sheet item listed in Annex I shall be 100 % of its value rather than the exposure value indicated in Article 111(1);
GA = the amount of credit risk protection as calculated under Article 233(3) (G*) further adjusted for any maturity mismatch as laid down in Section 5;
r = the risk weight of exposures to the obligor as specified in Chapter 2;
g = the risk weight of exposures to the protection provider as specified in Chapter 2.’
(c)paragraph 3 is replaced by the following:
‘3. Institutions may extend the preferential treatment set out in Article 114, paragraphs 4 and 7, to exposures or parts of exposures guaranteed by the central government or the central bank as if those exposures were direct exposures to the central government or the central bank, provided that the conditions in Article 114, paragraphs 4 or 7, as applicable, are met for such direct exposures.’;
(124)the following Article 235a is inserted:
‘Article 235a
Calculating risk-weighted exposure and expected loss amounts under the substitution approach when the guaranteed exposure is treated under the IRB Approach and comparable direct exposures to the protection provider are treated under the Standardised Approach
1. For exposures with unfunded credit protection to which an institution applies the IRB Approach referred to in Chapter 3 and where comparable direct exposures to the protection provider are treated under the Standardised Approach, institutions shall calculate the risk-weighted exposure amounts in accordance with the following formula:
max{0, E - GA} · r + GA · g
where:
E = the exposure value determined in accordance with Chapter 3, Section 5. For that purpose, institutions shall calculate the exposure value for off-balance sheet items other than derivatives treated under the IRB Approach using CCFs of 100 % instead of the SA-CCFs or IRB-CCFs provided for in Article 166, paragraphs 8, 8a and 8b;
GA = the amount of credit risk protection as calculated in accordance with Article 233(3) (G*) further adjusted for any maturity mismatch as laid down in Chapter 3, Section 5;
r = the risk weight of exposures to the obligor as specified in Chapter 3;
g = the risk weight of exposures to the protection provider as specified in Chapter 2.
2. Where the protected amount (GA) is less than the exposure (E), institutions may apply the formula specified in paragraph 1 only where the protected and unprotected parts of the exposure are of equal seniority.
3. Institutions may extend the preferential treatment set out in Article 114, paragraphs 4 and 7, to exposures or parts of exposures guaranteed by the central government or the central bank as if those exposures were direct exposures to the central government or the central bank, provided that the conditions in Article 114, paragraphs 4 or 7, as applicable, are met for such direct exposures.
4. The expected loss amount for the covered portion of the exposure value shall be zero.
5. For any uncovered portion of the exposure value (E) the institution shall use the risk weight and the expected loss corresponding to the underlying exposure. For the calculation laid down in Article 159, institutions shall assign any general or specific credit risk adjustments or additional value adjustments in accordance with Articles 34 related to the non-trading book business of the institution or other own funds reductions related to the exposure, to the uncovered portion of the exposure value.’;
(125)Article 236 is amended as follows:
(a)the title is replaced by the following:
‘Calculating risk-weighted exposure amounts and expected loss amounts under the substitution approach when the guaranteed exposure is treated under the IRB Approach and a comparable direct exposure to the protection provider is treated under the IRB Approach’;
(b)paragraph 1 is replaced by the following:
‘1. For an exposure with unfunded credit protection to which an institution applies the IRB Approach referred to in Chapter 3, but without using its own estimates of loss given default (LGD), and where comparable direct exposures to the protection provider are treated under the IRB Approach set out in Chapter 3, institutions shall determine the covered portion of the exposure as the lower of the exposure value E and the adjusted value of the unfunded credit protection GA;’
(c)the following paragraphs 1a to 1d are inserted:
‘1a. An institution that applies to comparable direct exposures to the protection provider the IRB Approach using own estimates of PD shall calculate the risk-weighted exposure amount and the expected loss amount for the covered portion of the exposure value by using the PD of the protection provider and the LGD applicable for a comparable direct exposure to the protection provider as referred to in Article 161(1), in accordance with paragraph 1b. For subordinated exposures and non-subordinated unfunded credit protection, the LGD to be applied by institutions to the covered portion of the exposure value is the LGD associated with senior claims and that may account for any collateralisation of the underlying exposure in accordance with this Chapter.
1b. Institutions shall calculate the risk weight and expected loss applicable to the covered portion of the underlying exposure using the PD, the LGD specified in paragraph 1a, and the same risk weight function as the ones used for a comparable direct exposure to the protection provider, and shall, where applicable, use the maturity M related to the underlying exposure, calculated in accordance with Article 162.
1c. Institutions that apply to comparable direct exposures to the protection provider the IRB Approach using the method provided for in Article 153(5), shall use the risk weight and expected loss applicable to the covered portion of the exposure that correspond to the ones provided for in Articles 153(5) and 158(6).
1d. Notwithstanding paragraph 1c, institutions that apply to guaranteed exposures the IRB Approach using the method provided for in Article 153(5) shall calculate the risk weight and expected loss applicable to the covered portion of the exposure using the PD, the LGD applicable for a comparable direct exposure to the protection provider as referred to in Article 161(1), in accordance with paragraph 1b, and the same risk weight function as the ones used for a comparable direct exposure to the protection provider, and shall, where applicable, use the maturity M related to the underlying exposure, calculated in accordance with Article 162. For subordinated exposures and non-subordinated unfunded credit protection, the LGD to be applied by institutions to the covered portion of the exposure value is the LGD associated with senior claims and that may account for any collateralisation of the underlying exposure in accordance with this Chapter.’;
(d)paragraph 2 is replaced by the following:
‘2. For any uncovered portion of the exposure value (E), institutions shall use the risk weight and the expected loss corresponding to the underlying exposure. For the calculation laid down in Article 159, institutions shall assign any general and specific credit risk adjustments, additional value adjustments related to the non-trading book business of the institution as referred to in Article 34 and other own funds reductions related to the exposure other than the deductions made in accordance with Article 36(1), point (m), to the uncovered portion of the exposure value.’;
(126)the following Article 236a is inserted:
‘Article 236a
Calculating risk-weighted exposure amounts and expected loss amounts under the substitution approach when the guaranteed exposure is treated under the IRB Approach using own estimates of loss given default (LGD) and a comparable direct exposure to the protection provider is treated under the IRB Approach
1. For an exposure with unfunded credit protection to which an institution applies the IRB Approach referred to in Chapter 3 using its own estimates of loss given default (LGD) and where comparable direct exposures to the protection provider are treated under the IRB Approach referred to in Chapter 3, institutions shall determine the covered portion of the exposure as the lower of the exposure value E and the adjusted value of the unfunded credit protection GA. The risk-weighted exposure amount and the expected loss amount for the covered portion of the exposure value shall be calculated by using the PD, the LGD and the same risk weight function as the ones used for a comparable direct exposure to the protection provider, and shall, where applicable, use the maturity M related to the underlying exposure, calculated in accordance with Article 162.
2. Institution that apply the IRB Approach referred to in Chapter 3 but without using their own estimates of loss given default (LGD) to comparable direct exposures to the protection provider, shall determine the LGD in accordance with Article 161. For subordinated exposures and non-subordinated unfunded credit protection, the LGD to be applied by institutions to the covered portion of the exposure value is the LGD associated with senior claims and that may account for any collateralisation of the underlying exposure in accordance with this Chapter.
3. Institutions that apply the IRB Approach referred to in Chapter 3 using their own estimates of LGD to comparable direct exposures to the protection provider, shall calculate the risk weight and the expected loss applicable to the covered portion of the underlying exposure using the PD, the LGD and the same risk weight function as the ones used for such a comparable direct exposure to the protection provider, and shall use the maturity M related to the underlying exposure, calculated, where applicable, in accordance with Article 162.
4. Institution that apply to comparable direct exposures to the protection provider the IRB Approach using the method provided for in Article 153(5), shall apply the risk weight and expected loss applicable to the covered portion of the exposure that correspond to the ones provided in Articles 153(5) and 158(6).
5. For any uncovered portion of the exposure value (E), institutions shall use the risk weight and the expected loss corresponding to the underlying exposure. For the calculation laid down in Article 159, institutions shall assign any general and specific credit risk adjustments, additional value adjustments related to the non-trading book business of the institution as referred to in Article 34 and other own funds reductions related to the exposure other than the deductions made in accordance with Article 36(1), point (m), to the uncovered portion of the exposure value.’;
(127)in Part three, Title II, Chapter 4, Section 6 is deleted;
(128)in Article 273(3), point (b) is replaced by the following:
‘(b) in accordance with Article 183, where permission has been granted in accordance with Article 143.’
(129)Article 273b is amended as follows:
(a)the title is replaced by the following:
‘Article 273b
Non-compliance with the conditions for using simplified methods for calculating the exposure value of derivatives and the simplified approach for calculating the own funds requirement for CVA risk’;
(b)in paragraph 2, the introductory wording is replaced by the following:
‘Institutions shall cease to calculate the exposure values of its derivative positions in accordance with Section 4 or 5 and to calculate the own funds requirement for CVA risk in accordance with Article 385, as applicable, within three months of one of the following occurring:’;
(c)paragraph 3 is replaced by the following:
‘3. Institutions that have ceased to calculate the exposure values of its derivative positions in accordance with Section 4 or 5 and to calculate the own funds requirement for CVA risk in accordance with Article 385, as applicable, shall only be permitted to resume calculating the exposure value of their derivative positions as set out in Section 4 or 5 and the own funds requirement for CVA risk in accordance with Article 385 where they demonstrate to the competent authority that all the conditions set out in Article 273a, paragraphs 1 or 2, have been met for an uninterrupted period of one year.’;
(130)Article 274 is amended as follows:
(a)paragraph 4 is replaced by the following:
‘4. Where multiple margin agreements apply to the same netting set, or the same netting set includes both transactions subject to a margin agreement and transactions not subject to a margin agreement, an institution shall calculate its exposure value as follows:
(a)the institution shall establish the hypothetical sub-netting sets concerned, composed of transactions included in the netting set, as follows:
(i)all transactions subject to a margin agreement and to the same margin period of risk as determined in accordance with Article 285, paragraphs 2 to 5, shall be allocated to the same sub-netting set;
(ii)all transactions not subject to a margin agreement shall be allocated to the same sub-netting set, distinct from the sub-netting sets established in accordance with point (i).
(b)the institution shall calculate the replacement cost of the netting set referred to in the introductory sentence of this paragraph in accordance with Article 275(2) by taking into account all the transactions within the netting set, subject to a margin agreement or not, and apply all of the following:
(i)CMV shall be calculated for all the transactions within a netting set gross of any collateral held or posted where positive and negative market values are netted in computing the CMV;
(ii)NICA, VM, TH, and MTA, where applicable, shall be calculated separately as the sum across the same inputs applicable to each individual margin agreement of the netting set.
(c)the institution shall calculate the potential future exposure of the netting set referred to in Article 278 by applying all of the following:
(i)the multiplier referred to in Article 278(1) shall be based on the inputs CMV, NICA and VM, as applicable, in accordance with point (b) of this paragraph;
(ii) shall be calculated in accordance with Article 278, separately for each hypothetical sub-netting set referred to in point (a)’;
(b)in paragraph 6, the following subparagraph is added:
‘By way of derogation from the first sub-paragraph, institutions shall replace a vanilla digital option whose strike equals to K with the relevant collar combination of two sold and bought vanilla call or put options that meet with the following requirements:
(a)the two options of the collar combination shall have:
(i)the same expiry date and same spot or forward price of the underlying instrument as the vanilla digital option;
(ii)strikes equal to 0.95∙K and 1.05∙K respectively;
(b)the collar combination exactly replicates the vanilla digital option payoff outside the range between the two strikes referred to in point (a);
The risk position of the two options of the collar combination shall be calculated separately in accordance with Article 279.’;
(131)in Part Three, Title III is replaced by the following:
‘TITLE III
OWN FUNDS REQUIREMENTS FOR OPERATIONAL RISK
Article 311 - a Definitions
For the purposes of this Title, the following definitions shall apply:(a)‘operational risk event’ means any event linked to an operational risk which generates a loss or multiple losses, within one or multiple financial years;
(b)‘aggregated gross loss’ means the sum of all gross losses linked to the same operational risk event over one or multiple financial years;
(c)‘aggregated net loss’ means the sum of all net losses linked to the same operational risk event over one or multiple financial years.
CHAPTER 1
Calculation of own funds requirements for operational risk
Article 312 - Own funds requirement
The own funds requirement for operational risk shall be the business indicator component calculated in accordance with Article 313.Article 313 - Business indicator component
Institutions shall calculate their business indicator component in accordance with the following formula:where:
BIC = the business indicator component;
BI = the business indicator, expressed in billions of euro, calculated in accordance with Article 314.
Article 314 - Business indicator
1. Institutions shall calculate their business indicator in accordance with the following formula:where:
BI = the business indicator, expressed in billions of euro;
ILDC = the interest, leases and dividend component, expressed in billions of euros and calculated in accordance with paragraph 2;
SC = the services component, expressed in billions of euros and calculated in accordance with paragraph 3;
FC = the financial component, expressed in billions of euros and calculated in accordance with paragraph 4.
2. For the purposes of paragraph 1, the interest, leases and dividend component shall be calculated in accordance with the following formula:
where:
ILDC = the interest, leases and dividend component;
IC = the interest component, which is the institution’s interest income from all financial assets and other interest income, including finance income from financial and income from operating leases and profits from leased assets, minus the institution’s interest expenses from all financial liabilities and other interest expenses, including interest expense from financial and operating leases, depreciation and impairment of, and losses from, operating leased assets, calculated as the annual average of the absolute values of the difference over the previous three financial years;
AC = the asset component, which is the sum of the institution’s total gross outstanding loans, advances, interest bearing securities, including government bonds, and lease assets, calculated as the annual average over the previous three financial years on the basis of the amounts at the end of each of the respective financial years;
DC = the dividend component, which is the institution’s dividend income from investments in stocks and funds not consolidated in the financial statements of the institution, including dividend income from non-consolidated subsidiaries, associates and joint ventures, calculated as the annual average over the previous three financial years.
3. For the purposes of paragraph 1, the services component shall be calculated in accordance with the following formula:
where:
SC = the services component;
OI = the other operating income, which is the annual average over the previous three financial years of the institution’s income from ordinary banking operations not included in other items of the business indicator but of similar nature;
OE = the other operation expenses, which is the annual average over the previous three financial years of the institution’s expenses and losses from ordinary banking operations not included in other items of the business indicator but of similar nature, and from operational risk events;
FI = the fee and commission income component, which is the annual average over the previous three financial years of the institution’s income received from providing advice and services, including income received by the institution as an outsourcer of financial services;
FE = the fee and commission expenses component, which is the annual average over the previous three financial years of the institution’s expenses paid for receiving advice and services, including outsourcing fees paid by the institution for the supply of financial services, but excluding outsourcing fees paid for the supply of non-financial services.
4. For the purposes of paragraph 1, the financial component shall be calculated in accordance with the following formula:
where:
FC = the financial component;
TC = the trading book component, which is the annual average of the absolute values over the previous three financial years of the net profit or loss, as applicable, on the institution’s trading book, including on trading assets and trading liabilities, from hedge accounting, and from exchange differences;
BC = the banking book component, which is the annual average of the absolute values over the previous three financial years of the net profit or loss, as applicable, on the institution’s banking book, including on financial assets and liabilities measured at fair value through profit and loss, from hedge accounting, from exchange differences, and realised gains and losses on financial assets and liabilities not measured at fair value through profit and loss.
5. Institutions shall not use any of the following elements in the calculation of their business indicator:
(a)income and expenses from insurance or reinsurance businesses;
(b)premiums paid and payments received from insurance or reinsurance policies purchased;
(c)administrative expenses, including staff expenses, outsourcing fees paid for the supply of non-financial services, and other administrative expenses;
(d)recovery of administrative expenses including recovery of payments on behalf of customers;
(e)expenses of premises and fixed assets, except where those expenses result from operational loss events;
(f)depreciation of tangible assets and amortisation of intangible assets, except the depreciation related to operating lease assets, which shall be included in financial and operating lease expenses;
(g)provisions and reversal of provisions, except where those provisions relate to operational loss events;
(h)expenses due to share capital repayable on demand;
(i)impairment and reversal of impairment;
(j)changes in goodwill recognised in profit or loss;
(k)corporate income tax.
6. EBA shall develop draft regulatory technical standards to specify the following:
(a)the components of the business indicator by developing a list of typical sub-items, taking into account international regulatory standards;
(b)the elements listed in paragraph 5.
EBA shall submit those draft regulatory technical standards to the Commission by [OP please insert the date = 18 months after entry into force of this Regulation].
Power is delegated to the Commission to adopt the regulatory technical standards referred to in the first subparagraph in accordance with Articles 10 to 14 of Regulation (EU) No 1093/2010.
7. EBA shall develop draft implementing technical standards to specify the items of the business indicator by mapping those items with the reporting cells concerned set out in Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2021/451*5.
EBA shall submit those draft regulatory technical standards to the Commission by [OP please insert the date = 24 months after entry into force of this Regulation].
Power is delegated to the Commission to adopt the implementing technical standards referred to in the first subparagraph in accordance with Article 15 of Regulation (EU) No 1093/2010.
Article 315 - Adjustments to the business indicator
1. Institutions shall include business indicator items of merged or acquired entities or activities in their business indicator calculation from the time of the merger or acquisition, as applicable, and shall cover the previous three financial years.2. Institutions may request permission from the competent authority to exclude business indicator items related to disposed entities or activities from the calculation of their business indicator.
3. EBA shall develop draft regulatory technical standards to specify the following:
(a)how institutions shall determine the adjustments to the business indicator referred to in paragraph 1 and 2;
(b)the conditions according to which competent authorities may grant the permission referred to in paragraph 2;
(c)the timing of the adjustments referred to in paragraph 2.
EBA shall submit those draft regulatory technical standards to the Commission by [OP please insert the date = 18 months after entry into force of this Regulation].
Power is delegated to the Commission to adopt the regulatory technical standards referred to in the first subparagraph in accordance with Articles 10 to 14 of Regulation (EU) No 1093/2010.
CHAPTER 2
Data collection and governance
Article 316 - Calculation of the annual operational risk loss
1. Institutions with a business indicator equal to or exceeding EUR 750 million shall calculate annual operational risk losses as the sum of all net losses over a given financial year, calculated in accordance with Article 318(1), that are equal to or exceed the loss data thresholds set out in Article 319, paragraphs 1 or 2, respectively.By way of derogation from the first subparagraph, competent authorities may grant a waiver from the requirement to calculate an annual operational risk loss to institutions with a business indictor that does not exceed EUR 1 billion, provided that the institution has demonstrated to the satisfaction of the competent authority that it would be unduly burdensome for the institution to apply the first subparagraph.
2. For the purposes of paragraph 1, the relevant business indicator shall be the highest value of the business indicator the institution has reported at the last eight reporting reference dates. An institution that has not yet reported its business indicator shall use its most recent business indicator.
3. EBA shall develop draft regulatory technical standards to specify the condition of ‘unduly burdensome’ for the purposes of the first paragraph.
EBA shall submit those draft regulatory technical standards to the Commission by [OP please insert the date = 18 months after entry into force of this Regulation].
Power is delegated to the Commission to adopt the regulatory technical standards referred to in the first subparagraph in accordance with Articles 10 to 14 of Regulation (EU) No 1093/2010.
Article 317 - Loss data set
1. Institutions that calculate annual operational risk losses in accordance with Article 316(1) shall have in place arrangements, processes and mechanisms to inform and maintain updated on an ongoing basis a loss data set compiling for each recorded operational risk event the gross loss amounts, non-insurance recoveries, insurance recoveries, reference date and grouped losses, including those from misconduct events.2. The institution’s loss data set shall capture all operational risk events stemming from all the entities that are part of the scope of consolidations pursuant to Part One, Title II, Chapter 2.
3. For the purpose of paragraph 1, institutions shall:
(a)include in the loss data set each operational risk event recorded during one or multiple financial years;
(b)use a date no later than the date of accounting for including losses related to operational risk events in the loss data set;
(c)allocate losses and related recoveries posted to the accounts over several years to the corresponding financial years of the loss data set, in line with their accounting treatment.
4. Institutions shall also collect:
(a)information about the reference dates of operational risk events, including:
(i)the date when the operational risk event happened or first began (‘date of occurrence’), where available;
(ii)the date on which the institution became aware of the operational risk event (‘date of discovery’);
(iii)the date or dates on which an operational risk event results in a loss, or the reserve or provision against a loss, recognised in the institution’s profit and loss accounts (‘date of accounting’);
(b)information on any recoveries of gross loss amounts as well as descriptive information about the drivers or causes of the loss events.
The level of detail of any descriptive information shall be commensurate with the size of the gross loss amount.
5. An institution shall not include in the loss data set operational risk events related to credit risk that are accounted for in the risk weighted exposure amount for credit risk. Operational risk events that relate to credit risk but are not accounted for in the risk weighted exposure amount for credit risk shall be included in the loss data set.
6. Operational risk events related to market risk shall be treated as operational risk and be included in the loss data set.
7. An institution shall upon request from the competent authority be able to map its historical internal loss data to the type of events.
8. For the purposes of this Article, institutions shall ensure the soundness, robustness and performance of the IT infrastructure necessary to maintain and update the loss data set by confirming all of the following:
(a)that the IT systems and infrastructure of the institution for the purposes of this Article are sound and resilient and that that soundness and resilience can be maintained on a continuous basis;
(b)that the institution’s IT infrastructure implemented for the purpose of this Article is subject to configuration management, change management and release management processes;
(c)where the institution outsources parts of the maintenance of the IT infrastructure implemented for the purpose of this Article, that the soundness, robustness and performance of the IT infrastructure is ensured by confirming at least the following:
(i)that the IT systems and infrastructure of the institution for the purpose of this Article are sound and resilient and that those features can be maintained on a continuous basis;
(ii)that the process for planning, creating, testing, and deploying the IT infrastructure for the purpose of this Article is sound and proper with reference to project management, risk management, and governance, engineering, quality assurance and test planning, systems’ modelling and development, quality assurance in all activities, including code reviews and where appropriate, code verification, and testing, including user acceptance;
(iii)that the institution’s IT infrastructure for the purpose of this Article is subject to configuration management, change management and release management processes;
(iv)that the process for planning, creating, testing, and deploying the IT infrastructure and contingency plans for the purpose of this Article is approved by the institution’s management body or senior management and that the management body and senior management are periodically informed about the IT infrastructure performance for the purposes of this Article.
9. For the purposes of paragraph 6 of this Article, EBA is mandated to develop draft regulatory technical standards establishing a risk taxonomy on operational risk and a methodology to classify, based on that risk taxonomy on operational risk, the loss events included in the loss data set.
EBA shall submit those draft regulatory technical standards to the Commission by [OP please insert the date = 18 months after entry into force of this Regulation].
Power is delegated to the Commission to adopt the regulatory technical standards referred to in the first subparagraph in accordance with Articles 10 to 14 of Regulation (EU) No 1093/2010.
10. For the purposes of paragraph 7, EBA shall develop guidelines explaining the technical elements necessary to ensure the soundness, robustness and performance of governance arrangements to maintain the loss data set, with a particular focus on IT systems and infrastructures.
Those guidelines shall be issued in accordance with Article 16 of Regulation (EU) No 1093/2010.
Article 318 - Calculation of net loss and gross loss
1. For the purposes of Article 316(1), institutions shall calculate for each operational risk event a net loss as follows:Net loss = gross loss – recovery
where:
gross loss = a loss linked to an operational risk event before recoveries of any type;
recovery = one or multiple independent occurrences, related to the original operational risk event, separated in time, in which funds or inflows of economic benefits are received from a third party.
Institutions shall maintain on an ongoing basis an updated calculation of the net loss for each specific operational risk event. To that end, institutions shall update the net loss calculation based on the observed or estimated variations of the gross loss and the recovery for each of the last ten financial years. Where losses, linked to the same operational risk event, are observed during multiple financial years within that ten-year time window, the institution shall calculate and maintain updated:
(a)the net loss, gross loss and recovery for each of the financial years of the ten-year time window where that net loss, gross loss and recovery were recorded;
(b)the aggregated net loss, aggregated gross loss and aggregated recovery of all the relevant financial years of the ten-year time window.
2. For the purposes of paragraph 1, the following items shall be included in the gross loss computation:
(a)direct charges, including impairments, settlements, amounts paid to make good the damage, penalties, interest in arrears and legal fees to the institution’s profit and loss accounts and write-downs due to the operational risk event, including:
(i)where the operational risk event relates to market risk, the costs to unwind market positions in the recovered loss amount of the operational risk items;
(ii)where payments relate to failures or inadequate processes of the institution, penalties, interest charges, late-payment charges, and legal fees, and, with the exclusion of the tax amount originally due, tax;
(b)costs incurred as a consequence of the operational risk event, including external expenses with a direct link to the operational risk event and costs of repair or replacement, incurred to restore the position that was prevailing before the operational risk event occurred;
(c)provisions or reserves accounted for in the profit and loss accounts against the potential operational loss impact, including those from misconduct events;
(d)losses stemming from operational risk events with a definitive financial impact which are temporarily booked in transitory or suspense accounts and are not yet reflected in the profit and loss accounts (‘pending losses’);
(e)negative economic impacts booked in a financial year and which are due to operational risk events impacting the cash flows or financial statements of previous financial years (‘timing losses’).
For the purposes of point (d), material pending losses shall be included in the loss data set within a time period commensurate with the size and age of the pending item.
For the purposes of point (e), the institution shall include in the loss data set material timing losses where those losses are due to operational risk events that span more than one financial year and give rise to legal risk. Institutions shall include in the recorded loss amount of the operational risk item of a financial year losses that are due to the correction of booking errors that occurred in a previous financial year, even where those losses do not directly affect third parties. Where there are material timing losses and the operational risk event affects directly third parties, including customers, providers and employees of the institution, the institution shall also include the official restatement of previously issued financial reports.
3. For the purposes of paragraph 1, the following items shall be excluded from the gross loss computation:
(a)costs of general maintenance of contracts on property, plant or equipment;
(b)internal or external expenditures to enhance the business after the operational risk losses, including upgrades, improvements, risk assessment initiatives and enhancements;
(c)insurance premiums.
4. For the purposes of paragraph 1, recoveries shall be used to reduce gross losses only where the institution has received payment. Receivables shall not be considered as recoveries.
Upon request from the competent authority, the institution shall provide all the documentation needed to perform verification of payments received and factored in the calculation of the net loss of an operational risk event.
Article 319 - Loss data thresholds
1. To calculate an annual operational risk loss as required by Article 316(1), institutions shall take into account from the loss data set operational risk events with a net loss, calculated in accordance with Article 318, that are equal to or above EUR 20 000.2. Without prejudice to paragraph 1, and for the purposes of Article 446, institutions shall also calculate the annual operational risk loss referred to in Article 316(1), taking into account from the loss data set operational risk events with a net loss, calculated in accordance with Article 318, that are equal to or above EUR 100 000.
3. In case of an operational risk event that leads to losses during more than one financial year, as referred to in Article 318(1), second subparagraph, the net loss to be taken into account for the thresholds referred to in paragraph 1 and 2 shall be the aggregated net loss.
Article 320 - Exclusion of losses
1. Competent authorities may permit an institution to exclude from the calculation of the institution’s annual operational risk losses exceptional operational risk events that are no longer relevant to the institution’s risk profile, where all of the following conditions are fulfilled:(a)the institution can demonstrate to the satisfaction of the competent authority that the operational risk event at the origin of those operational risk losses will not occur again;
(b)the operational risk loss is either of the following:
(i)equal to or above 15 % of the institution’s average annual operational risk loss, calculated based on the threshold referred to in Article 319(1), where the operational risk loss event refers to activities that are still part of the business indicator;
(ii)above 0 % of the institution’s average annual operational risk loss, calculated based on the threshold referred to in Article 319(1), where the operational risk loss event refers to activities divested from the business indicator in accordance with Article 315(2);
(c)the operational risk loss was in the loss database for a minimum period of 1 year, unless the operational risk loss is related to activities divested from the business indicator in accordance with Article 315(2).
For the purposes of point (c), the minimum period of 1 year shall start from the date on which the operational risk event, included in the loss data set, first became greater than the materiality threshold referred to in Article 319(1).
2. An institution requesting the permission referred to in paragraph 1 shall provide the competent authority with documented justifications for the exclusion of an exceptional loss, including:
(a)a description of the operational risk event that is submitted for exclusion;
(b)proof that the loss from the operational risk event is above the materiality threshold for loss exclusion referred to in paragraph 1, point (b), including the date on which that operational risk event became greater than the materiality threshold;
(c)the date on which the operational risk event concerned would be excluded, considering the minimum retention period set out paragraph 1, point (c);
(d)the reason why the operational risk event is no longer deemed relevant to the institution’s risk profile;
(e)the demonstration that there are no similar or residual legal exposures and that the operational risk event to be excluded has no relevance to other activities or products;
(f)reports of the institution’s independent review or validation, confirming that the operational risk event is no longer relevant and that there are no similar or residual legal exposures;
(g)proof that competent bodies of the institution, through the institution’s approval processes, have approved the request for exclusion of the operational risk event and the date of such approval;
(h)the impact of the exclusion of the operational risk event on the annual operational risk loss.
3. EBA shall develop draft regulatory technical standards to specify the conditions that the competent authority has to assess pursuant to paragraph 1, including how the average annual operational risk loss should be computed and the specifications on the information to be collected pursuant to paragraph 2 or any further information deemed necessary to perform the assessment.
EBA shall submit those draft regulatory technical standards to the Commission by [OP please insert the date = 18 months after entry into force of this Regulation].
Power is delegated to the Commission to adopt the regulatory technical standards referred to in the first subparagraph in accordance with Articles 10 to 14 of Regulation (EU) No 1093/2010.
Article 321 - Inclusion of losses from merged or acquired entities or activities
1. Losses stemming from merged or acquired entities or activities shall be included in the loss data set as soon as the business indicator items related to those entities or activities are included in the institution’s business indicator calculation in accordance with Article 315(1). To that end, institutions shall include losses observed during a ten-year period prior to the acquisition or merger.2. EBA shall develop draft regulatory technical standards to specify how institutions shall determine the adjustments to their loss data set following the inclusion of losses from merged or acquired entities or activities as referred to in paragraph 1.
EBA shall submit those draft regulatory technical standards to the Commission by [OP please insert the date = 18 months after entry into force of this Regulation].
Power is delegated to the Commission to adopt the regulatory technical standards referred to in the first subparagraph in accordance with Articles 10 to 14 of Regulation (EU) No 1093/2010.
Article 322 - Review of the comprehensiveness, accuracy and quality of the loss data
1. Institutions shall have in place the organisation and processes to review the comprehensiveness, accuracy and quality of the loss data independently.2. Competent authorities shall periodically review the quality of the loss data of an institution that calculates annual operational risk losses in accordance with Article 316(1). Competent authorities shall carry out such review at least every three years for an institution with a business indicator above EUR 1 billion.
Article 323 - Operational risk management framework
1. Institutions shall have in place:(a)a well-documented assessment and management system for operational risk which is closely integrated into the day-to-day risk management processes, forms an integral part of the process of monitoring and controlling the institution’s operational risk profile, and for which clear responsibilities have been assigned. The assessment and management system for operational risk shall identify the institution’s exposures to operational risk and track relevant operational risk data, including material loss data;
(b)an operational risk management function that is independent from the institution’s business and operational units;
(c)a system of reporting to senior management that provides operational risk reports to relevant functions within the institution;
(d)a system of regular monitoring and reporting of operational risk exposures and loss experience, and procedures for taking appropriate corrective actions;
(e)routines for ensuring compliance, and policies for the treatment of non-compliance;
(f)regular reviews of the institution’s operational risk assessment and management processes and systems, performed by internal or external auditors that possess the knowledge necessary to carry out such reviews;
(g)internal validation processes that operate in a sound and effective manner;
(h)transparent and accessible data flows and processes associated with the operational risk assessment system.
2. EBA shall develop draft regulatory technical standards to specify the obligations under paragraph 1, points (a) to (h), taking into consideration institutions’ size and complexity.
EBA shall submit those draft regulatory technical standards to the Commission by [OP please insert the date = 18 months after entry into force of this Regulation].
Power is delegated to the Commission to adopt the regulatory technical standards referred to in the first subparagraph in accordance with Articles 10 to 14 of Regulation (EU) No 1093/2010.
_________________________________________________
*5 Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2021/451 of 17 December 2020 laying down implementing technical standards for the application of Regulation (EU) No 575/2013 of the European Parliament and of the Council with regard to supervisory reporting of institutions and repealing Implementing Regulation (EU) No 680/2014 (OJ L 97, 19.3.2021, p. 1).’;
(132)Article 325 is amended as follows:
(a)paragraphs 1 to 5 are replaced by the following:
‘1. An institution shall calculate the own funds requirements for market risk for all its trading book positions and all its non-trading book positions that are subject to foreign exchange risk or commodity risk in accordance with the following approaches:
(a)the alternative standardised approach set out in Chapter 1a;
(b)the alternative internal model approach set out in Chapter 1b for those positions assigned to trading desks for which the institution has been granted permission by competent authorities to use that alternative approach as set out in Article 325az(1);
(c)the simplified standardised approach referred to in in paragraph 2 of this Article, provided that the institution meets the conditions set out in Article 325a(1).
By way of derogation from the first subparagraph, an institution shall not calculate an own funds requirements for foreign exchange risk for trading book positions and non-trading book positions that are subject to foreign exchange risk where those positions are deducted from the institution’s own funds.
2. The own funds requirements for market risk calculated in accordance with the simplified standardised approach shall be the sum of the following own funds requirements, as applicable:
(a)the own funds requirements for position risk referred to in Chapter 2, multiplied by:
(i)1,3, for the general and specific risks of positions in debt instruments, excluding securitisation instruments as referred to in Article 337;
(ii)3,5, for the general and specific risks of positions in equity instruments.
(b)the own funds requirements for foreign exchange risk referred to in Chapter 3, multiplied by 1,2;
(c)the own funds requirements for commodity risk referred to in Chapter 4, multiplied by 1,9;
(d)the own funds requirements for securitisation instruments as referred to in Article 337.
3. An institution using the alternative internal model approach referred to in paragraph 1, point (b), to calculate the own funds requirements for market risk of trading book positions and non-trading book positions that are subject to foreign exchange risk or commodity risk shall report to the competent authorities the monthly calculation of the own funds requirements for market risk using the alternative standardised approach referred to in paragraph 1, point (a), for each trading desk to which those positions have been assigned to in accordance with Article 104b.
4. An institution may use a combination of the alternative standardised approaches referred to in paragraph 1, point (a), and the alternative internal model approach referred to in paragraph 1, point (b), on a permanent basis within a group. The institution shall not use either of those approaches in combination with the simplified standardised approach referred to in paragraph 1, point (c).
5. An institution shall not use the alternative internal model approach set out in paragraph 1, point (b), for instruments in their trading book that are securitisation positions or positions included in the alternative correlation trading portfolio (ACTP) set out in paragraphs 6, 7 and 8.’;
(b)paragraph 9 is replaced by the following:
‘9. EBA shall develop draft regulatory technical standards to specify how institutions are to calculate the own funds requirements for market risk for non-trading book positions that are subject to foreign exchange risk or commodity risk in accordance with the approaches set out in paragraph 1, points (a) and (b) of this Article, taking into account the requirements set out in Article 104b, paragraphs 5 and 6, where applicable.
EBA shall submit those draft regulatory technical standards to the Commission by [OP please insert the date = 9 months after entry into force of this Regulation].
Power is delegated to the Commission to supplement this Regulation by adopting the regulatory technical standards referred to in the first subparagraph in accordance with Articles 10 to 14 of Regulation (EU) No 1093/2010.’;
(133)Article 325a is amended as follows:
(a)the title is replaced by the following:
‘Conditions for using the Simplified Standardised Approach’;
(b)in paragraph 1, the first subparagraph is replaced by the following:
‘1. An institution may calculate the own funds requirements for market risk by using the simplified standardised approach referred to in Article 325(1), point (c), provided that the size of the institution's on- and off-balance-sheet business subject to market risk is equal to or less than each of the following thresholds, on the basis of an assessment carried out on a monthly basis using data as of the last day of the month:’;
(c)in paragraph 2, point (b) is replaced by the following:
‘(b) all non-trading book positions that are subject to foreign exchange risk or commodity risk shall be included, except those positions that are excluded from the calculation of own funds requirements for foreign exchange risk in accordance with Article 104c or that are deducted from the institution’s own funds’;
(d)in paragraph 5, the first subparagraph is replaced by the following:
‘5. Institutions shall cease to calculate the own funds requirements for market risk in accordance with the approach set out in Article 325(1), point (c), within three months of either of the following cases:’;
(e)paragraph 6 is replaced by the following:
‘6. An institution that has ceased to calculate the own funds requirements for market risk using the approach set out in Article 325(1), point (c), shall only be permitted to start calculating the own funds requirements for market risk using that approach where it demonstrates to the competent authority that all the conditions set out in paragraph 1 have been met for an uninterrupted full-year period.’;
(134)in Article 325b, the following paragraph 4 is added:
‘4. Where a competent authority has not granted an institution the permission referred to in paragraph 2 for at least one institution or undertaking of the group, the following requirements shall apply for the calculation of the own funds requirements for market risk on a consolidated basis in accordance with this Title:
(a)the institution shall calculate net positions and own funds requirements in accordance with this Title for all positions in institutions or undertakings of the group for which the institution has been granted the permission referred to in paragraph 2, using the treatment set out in paragraph 1;
(b)the institution shall calculate net positions and own funds requirements in accordance with this Title individually for all the positions in each institution or undertaking of the group for which the institution has not been granted the permission referred to in paragraph 2;
(c)the institution shall calculate the total own funds requirements in accordance with this Title on a consolidated basis by adding the amounts calculated in points (a) and (b) of this paragraph.
For the purposes of the calculation referred to in points (a) and (b), institutions and undertakings referred to in points (a) and (b) shall use the same reporting currency as the reporting currency used to calculate the own funds requirements for market risk in accordance with this Title on a consolidated basis for the group.’;
(135)Article 325c is amended as follows:
(a)the title is replaced by the following:
‘Scope, structure of and qualitative requirements of the alternative standardised approach’
(b)paragraph 1 is replaced by the following:
‘1. Institutions shall have in place, and make available to the competent authorities, a documented set of internal policies, procedures and controls for monitoring and ensuring compliance with the requirements of this Chapter. Any changes to these policies, procedures and controls shall be notified to the competent authorities in due course.’;
(c)the following paragraphs 3 to 6 are added:
‘3. Institutions shall have a risk control unit that is independent from business trading units and that reports directly to senior management. That risk control unit shall be responsible for designing and implementing the alternative standardised approach. It shall produce and analyse monthly reports on the output of the alternative standardised approach, as well as the appropriateness of the institution’s trading limits.
4. Institutions shall independently review the alternative standardised approach they use for the purposes of this Chapter to the satisfaction of the competent authorities, either as part of their regular internal auditing process, or by mandating a third-party undertaking to conduct that review.
For the purposes of the first subparagraph, a third-party undertaking means an undertaking that provides auditing or consulting services to institutions and that has staff that has sufficient skills in the area of market risk.
5. The review of the alternative standardised approach referred to in paragraph 4 shall cover both the activities of the business trading units and of the independent risk control unit and shall assess all of the following:
(a)the internal policies, procedures and controls for monitoring and ensuring compliance with the requirements referred to in paragraph 1;
(b)the adequacy of the documentation of the risk management system and processes and the organisation of the risk control unit referred to in paragraph 2;
(c)the accuracy of sensitivity computations and of the process used to derive these computations from the institution's pricing models that serve as a basis for reporting profit and loss to senior management, as referred to in Article 325t;
(d)the verification process that the institution employs to evaluate the consistency, timeliness and reliability of the data sources used in the calculation of the own funds requirements for market risk using the alternative standardised approach, including the independence of those data sources.
An institution shall conduct the review referred to in the first subparagraph at least once a year, or on a less frequent basis upon the approval of the competent authorities.’;
(136)Article 325j is amended as follows:
(a)paragraph 1 is replaced by the following:
‘1. An institution shall calculate the own funds requirements for market risk of a position in a CIU using one of the following approaches:
(a)an institution that meets the condition set out in Article 104(7), point (a), shall calculate the own funds requirements for market risk of that position by looking through the underlying positions of the CIU, on a monthly basis, as if those positions were directly held by the institution;
(b)an institution that meets the condition set out in Article 104(7), point (b), shall calculate the own funds requirements for market risk of that position by using either of the following approaches:
(i)it shall calculate the own funds requirement for market risk of the CIU by considering the position in the CIU as a single equity position allocated to the bucket ’Other sector‘ in Article 325ap(1), Table 8;
(ii)it shall calculate the own funds requirement for market risk of the CIU in accordance with the limits set in the CIU’s mandate and in the relevant law.
For the purposes of the calculation referred to in point (i), the institution shall consider the position in the CIU as a single unrated equity position allocated to the bucket “Unrated” in Article 325y(1), Table 2.
For the purposes of the calculation referred to in point (ii), the institution may calculate the own funds requirements for counterparty credit risk and own funds requirements for credit valuation adjustment risk of derivative positions of the CIU using the simplified approach set out in Article 132a(3).’;
(b)the following paragraph 1a is inserted:
‘1a. For the purposes of the approaches referred to in paragraph 1, point (b)(i) and (b)(ii), the institution shall:
(a)apply the own funds requirements for the default risk set out in Section 5 and the residual risk add-on set out in Section 4 to a position in a CIU, where the mandate of that CIU allows it to invest in exposures that shall be subject to those own funds requirements;
(b)for all positions in the same CIU, use the same approach among the approaches set out in paragraph 1, point (b), to calculate the own funds requirements on a stand-alone basis as a separate portfolio.’;
(c)paragraph 4 is replaced by the following:
‘4. For the purposes of paragraph 1, point (b)(ii), an institution shall determine the calculation of the own funds requirements for market risk by determining the hypothetical portfolio that would attract the highest own funds requirements in accordance with Article 325c(2), point (a), based on the CIU’s mandate or relevant law, taking into account the leverage to the maximum extent, where applicable.
The institution shall use the same hypothetical portfolio as the one referred to in the first subparagraph to calculate, where applicable, the own funds requirements for the default risk set out in Section 5 and the residual risk add-on set out in Section 4 to a position in a CIU.
The methodology developed by the institution to determine the hypothetical portfolios of all positions in CIUs for which the calculations referred to in the first subparagraph are used shall be approved by its competent authority.’;
(d)the following paragraphs 6 and 7 are added:
‘6. Institutions that do not have adequate data or information to calculate the own funds requirements for market risk of a CIU position in accordance with the approach set out in paragraph 1, point (a), may rely on a third party to perform such calculation, provided that all the following conditions are met:
(a)the third party is one of the following:
(i)the depository institution or the depository financial institution of the CIU, provided that the CIU exclusively invests in securities and deposits all securities at that depository institution or depository financial institution;
(ii)for CIUs not covered by point (i), the CIU management company, provided that the CIU management company meets the criteria set out in Article 132(3), point (a);
(b)the third party provides the institution with the adequate data or information missing to calculate the own fund requirement for market risk of the CIU position in accordance with the approach referred to in in paragraph 1, point (a);
(c)an external auditor of the institution has confirmed the adequacy of the third party's data or information referred to in point (b) and the institution’s competent authority has unrestricted access to these data and information upon request.
7. EBA shall develop draft regulatory technical standards to specify further the technical elements of the methodology to determine hypothetical portfolios for the purposes of the approach set out in paragraph 4, including the manner in which institutions shall take into account in the methodology, where applicable, leverage to the maximum extent.
EBA shall submit those draft regulatory technical standards to the Commission by [OP please insert the date = 12 months after the date of entry into force of this Regulation].
Power is delegated to the Commission to supplement this Regulation by adopting the regulatory technical standards referred to in the first subparagraph in accordance with Articles 10 to 14 of Regulation (EU) No 1093/2010.’;
(137)in Article 325q, paragraph 2 is replaced by the following:
‘2. The foreign exchange vega risk factors to be applied by institutions to options with underlyings that are sensitive to foreign exchange shall be the implied volatilities of exchange rates between currency pairs. Those implied volatilities shall be mapped to the following maturities in accordance with the maturities of the corresponding options subject to own funds requirements: 0,5 years, 1 year, 3 years, 5 years and 10 years.’;
(138)in Article 325s(1), the formula for is replaced by the following:
‘ ’;
(139)Article 325t is amended as follows:
(a)in paragraph 1, the second subparagraph is replaced by the following:
‘By way of derogation from the first subparagraph, competent authorities may require an institution that has been granted permission to use the alternative internal model approach set out in Chapter 1b to use the pricing functions of the risk-measurement system of their internal model approach in the calculation of sensitivities under this Chapter for the purposes of the calculation and reporting requirements set out in Article 325(3).’;
(b)in paragraph 5, point (a) is replaced by the following:
‘(a) those alternative definitions are used for internal risk management purposes or for the reporting of profits and losses to senior management by an independent risk control unit within the institution;’;
(c)in paragraph 6, point (a) is replaced by the following:
‘(a) those alternative definitions are used for internal risk management purposes or for the reporting of profits and losses to senior management by an independent risk control unit within the institution;’;
(140)in Article 325v, the following paragraph 3 is added:
‘3. For traded non-securitisation credit and equity derivatives, JTD amounts by individual constituents shall be determined by applying a look-through approach.’;
(141)in Article 325y, the following paragraph 6 is added:
‘6. For the purposes of this Article, an exposure shall be assigned the credit quality category corresponding to the credit quality category that it would be assigned under the Standardised Approach for credit risk set out in Title II, Chapter 2.’;
(142)in Article 325ab, paragraph 2 is deleted.
(143)in Article 325ae, paragraph 3 is replaced by the following:
‘3. The risk weights of risk factors based on the currencies included in the most liquid currency sub-category as referred to in Article 325bd(7), point (b), and the domestic currency of the institution shall be the following:
(a)for risk-free rate risk factors, the risk weights referred to in paragraph 1, Table 3 divided by ;
(b)for inflation risk factor and cross currency basis risk factors, the risk weights referred to in paragraph 2 divided by .’;
(144)Article 325ah is amended as follows:
(a)paragraph 1 is amended as follows:
(i)in Table 4, the sector of bucket 13 is replaced by the following:
‘Financial sector entities including credit institutions incorporated or established by a central government, a regional government or a local authority, promotional lenders and covered bonds.’;
(ii)the following subparagraph is added:
‘For the purposes of this Article, an exposure shall be assigned the credit quality category corresponding to the credit quality category that it would be assigned under the Standardised Approach for credit risk set out in Title II, Chapter 2.’;
(b)the following paragraph 3 is added:
‘3. By way of derogation from paragraph 2, institutions may assign a risk exposure of an unrated covered bond to bucket 4 where the institution that issued the covered bond has a credit quality step 1 to 3.’;
(145)in Article 325ai(1), the definition of the term ρkl (name) is replaced by the following:
‘ρkl (name) shall be equal to 1 where the two names of sensitivities k and l are identical; it shall be equal to 35 % where the two names of sensitivities k and l are in buckets 1 to 18 in Article 325ah(1), Table 4, otherwise it shall be equal to 80 %’;
(146)in Article 325aj, the definition of γbc (rating) is replaced by the following:
‘γbc (rating) shall be equal to:
(a)1, where buckets b and c are buckets 1 to 17 and both buckets have the same credit quality category (either ‘credit quality step 1 to 3’ or ‘credit quality step 4 to 6’); otherwise it shall be equal to 50 %; for the purposes of that calculation, bucket 1 shall be considered as belonging to the same credit quality category as buckets that have credit quality step 1 to 3
(b)1, where either bucket b or c is bucket 18;
(c)1, where bucket b or c is bucket 19 and the other bucket has credit quality step 1 to 3; otherwise it shall be equal to 50 %;
(d)1, where bucket b or c is bucket 20 and the other bucket has credit quality step 4 to 6; otherwise it shall be equal to 50 %;’;
(147)Article 325ak is amended as follows:
in the first paragraph, (a)in Table 6, the sector of bucket 13 is replaced by the following:
‘Financial sector entities including credit institutions incorporated or established by a central government, a regional government or a local authority, promotional lenders and covered bonds’;
(b)the following paragraphs are added:
‘For the purposes of this Article, an exposure shall be assigned the credit quality category corresponding to the credit quality category that it would be assigned under the Standardised Approach for credit risk set out in Title II, Chapter 2.
By way of derogation from the second paragraph, institutions may assign a risk exposure of an unrated covered bond to bucket 4 where the institution that issues the covered bond has a credit quality step 1 to 3.’;
(148)in Article 325am(1), the following paragraph 3 is added:
‘3. For the purposes of this Article, an exposure shall be assigned the credit quality category corresponding to the credit quality category that it would be assigned under the Standardised Approach for credit risk set out in Title II, Chapter 2.’;
(149)in Article 325as, Table 9 is amended as follows:
(a)the bucket name of bucket 3 is replaced by the following:
‘Energy - electricity’;
(b)the following field is inserted:
| 3a | Energy – carbon trading | 40 % |
’;
(150)Article 325ax is amended as follows:
(a)paragraphs 1 and 2 are replaced by the following:
‘1. Buckets for vega risk factors shall be similar to the buckets established for delta risk factors in accordance with, this Chapter, Section 3, Subsection 1.
2. Risk weights for sensitivities to vega risk factors shall be assigned in accordance with the risk class of the risk factors, as follows:
Table 11
| Risk class | Risk weights |
| GIRR | 100% |
| CSR non-securitisations | 100% |
| CSR securitisations (ACTP) | 100% |
| CSR securitisations (non-ACTP) | 100% |
| Equity (large cap and indices) | 77,78% |
| Equity (small cap and other sector) | 100% |
| Commodity | 100% |
| Foreign exchange | 100% |
(b)paragraph 3 is deleted.’;
(151)Article 325az is amended as follows:
(a)paragraph 1 is replaced by the following:
‘1. The alternative internal model approach may be used by an institution to calculate its own funds requirements for market risk provided that the institution meets all the requirements set out in this Chapter.’;
(c)paragraph 2, first subparagraph, is amended as follows:
(i)points (c) and (d) are replaced by the following:
‘(c) the trading desks have met the back-testing requirements referred to in Article 325bf(3);
(d) the trading desks have met the profit and loss attribution (‘P&L attribution’) requirements referred to in Article 325bg;’;
(ii)the following point (g) is added:
‘(g) no positions in CIUs that meet the condition set out in Article 104(7), point (b), have been assigned to the trading desks.’;
(c)paragraph 3 is replaced by the following:
‘3. Institutions that have received the permission to use the alternative internal model approach shall also meet the reporting requirement set out in Article 325(3).’;
(d)paragraph 9, first subparagraph, is amended as follows:
(i)point (b) is replaced by the following:
‘(b) to limit the calculation of the add-on to that resulting from overshootings under the back-testing of hypothetical changes as referred to in Article 325bf(6);’;
(ii)the following point (c) is added:
‘(c) to exclude the overshootings evidenced by the back-testing of hypothetical or actual changes from the calculation of the add-on as referred to in Article 325bf(6);’;
(152)in Article 325ba, the following paragraph 3 is added:
‘3. An institution using an alternative internal model shall calculate the total own funds requirements for market risk for all trading book positions and all non-trading book positions generating foreign exchange or commodity risks in accordance with the following formula:
where:
AIMA = the sum of the own funds requirements referred in to paragraphs 1 and 2;
= the additional own funds requirement referred in to Article 325bg(2);
= the own funds requirements for market risk as calculated under the alternative standardised approach referred to in Article 325(1), point (a), for the portfolio of all trading book positions and all non-trading book positions generating foreign exchange or commodity risks;
= the own funds requirements for market risk as calculated under the alternative standardised approach referred to in Article 325(1), point (a), for the portfolio of trading book positions and non-trading book positions generating foreign exchange or commodity risks for which the institution used the same approach to calculate the own funds requirements for market risk;
= the own funds requirements for market risk as calculated under the alternative standardised approach referred to in Article 325(1), point (a), for the portfolio of trading book positions and non-trading book positions generating foreign exchange or commodity risks for which the institution used the approach referred to in Article 325(1), point (b) to calculate the own funds requirements for market risk;
(153)in Article 325bc, the following paragraph 6 is added:
‘6. EBA shall develop draft regulatory technical standards to specify the criteria for the use of data inputs in the risk-measurement model referred to in this Article, including criteria on data accuracy and criteria on the calibration of the data inputs where market data is insufficient.
EBA shall submit those draft regulatory technical standards to the Commission by [9 months after the entry in force of this Regulation].
Power is delegated to the Commission to supplement this Regulation by adopting the regulatory technical standards referred to in the first subparagraph in accordance with Articles 10 to 14 of Regulation (EU) No 1093/2010.’
(154)Article 325be is amended as follows:
(a)in paragraph 1, the following subparagraph is added:
‘For the purposes of the assessment referred to in paragraph 1, competent authorities may allow institutions to use market data provided by third-party vendors.’;
(b)the following paragraph 1a is inserted:
‘1a. Competent authorities may require an institution to consider not modellable a risk factor that has been assessed as modellable by the institution in accordance with paragraph 1, where the data inputs used to determine the scenarios of future shocks applied to the risk factor do not meet, to the satisfaction of the competent authorities, the requirements referred to in Article 325bc(6).’;
(c)the following paragraph 2a is inserted:
‘2a. In extraordinary circumstances, occurring during periods of significant reduction in certain trading activities across financial markets, competent authorities may allow all institutions using the approach set out in this Chapter to consider as modellable some risk factors that have been assessed as not modellable by these institutions in accordance with paragraph 1, provided that the following conditions are fulfilled:
(a)the risk factors subject to the treatment correspond to the trading activities which are significantly reduced across financial markets;
(b)the treatment is applied temporarily, and not for more than six months within one financial year;
(c)the treatment referred to in the first subparagraph does not significantly reduce the total own funds requirements for market risk of the institutions applying it;
(d)competent authorities immediately notify EBA of any decision to allow institutions to apply the approach set out in this Chapter to consider as modellable some risk factors that have been assessed as non-modellable, as well as of the trading activities concerned, and substantiate that decision.’;
(d)paragraph 3 is replaced by the following:
‘3. EBA shall develop draft regulatory technical standards to specify the criteria to assess the modellability of risk factors in accordance with paragraph 1, including where market data referred to in paragraph 2b are used, and the frequency of that assessment.
EBA shall submit those draft regulatory technical standards to the Commission by [OP please insert date = 9 months after the date of entry into force of this Regulation].
Power is delegated to the Commission to supplement this Regulation by adopting the regulatory technical standards referred to in the first subparagraph in accordance with Articles 10 to 14 of Regulation (EU) No 1093/2010.’;
(155)Article 325bf is amended as follows:
(a)paragraph 6 is amended as follows:
(i)in the first subparagraph, the introductory sentence is replaced by the following:
‘The multiplication factor (mc) shall be equal to at least the sum of 1,5 and an add-on determined in accordance with Table 3. For the portfolio referred to in paragraph 5, the add-on shall be calculated on the basis of the number of overshootings that occurred over the most recent 250 business days as evidenced by the institution's back-testing of the value-at-risk number calculated in accordance with point (a) of this subparagraph. The calculation of the add-on shall be subject to the following requirements:’;
(ii)the last subparagraph is replaced by the following:
‘In extraordinary circumstances, competent authorities may permit an institution to:
(a)limit the calculation of the add-on to that resulting from overshootings under the back-testing of hypothetical changes where the number of overshootings under the back-testing of actual changes does not result from deficiencies in the institution’s alternative internal model;
(b)exclude the overshootings evidenced by the back-testing of hypothetical or actual changes from the calculation of the add-on where those overshootings do not result from deficiencies in the institution’s alternative internal model.’;
(iii)the following subparagraph is added:
‘For the purposes of the first subparagraph, competent authorities may increase the value of mc above the sum referred to in that subparagraph, where an institution’s alternative internal model shows deficiencies to appropriately measure the own funds requirements for market risk.’;
(b)paragraph 8 is replaced by the following:
‘8. By way of derogation from paragraphs 2 and 6 of this Article, competent authorities may permit an institution not to count an overshooting where a one-day change in the value of its portfolio that exceeds the related value-at-risk number calculated by that institution's internal model is attributable to a non-modellable risk factor.’
(c)the following paragraph 10 is added:
’10. EBA shall develop draft regulatory technical standards to specify the conditions and the criteria according to which an institution may be allowed not to count an overshooting where the one-day change in the value of its portfolio that exceeds the related value-at-risk number calculated by that institution's internal model is attributable to a non-modellable risk factor.
EBA shall submit those draft regulatory technical standards to the Commission by [OP please insert date = 18 months after the date of entry into force of this Regulation].
Power is delegated to the Commission to supplement this Regulation by adopting the regulatory technical standards referred to in the first subparagraph in accordance with Articles 10 to 14 of Regulation (EU) No 1093/2010.
(156)Article 325bg is amended as follows:
(a)paragraphs 1 to 3 are replaced by the following:
‘1. An institution's trading desk meets the P&L attribution requirements where the theoretical changes in the value of that trading desk's portfolio, based on the institution's risk-measurement model, are either close or sufficiently close to the hypothetical changes in the value of that trading desk's portfolio, based on the institution's pricing model.
2. Notwithstanding paragraph 1, where the theoretical changes in the value of a trading desk's portfolio, based on the institution's risk-measurement model are sufficiently close to the hypothetical changes in the value of that trading desk's portfolio, based on the institution's pricing model, the institution shall calculate, for all the positions assigned to that trading desk, an additional own funds requirement to the own funds requirements referred to in Article 325ba, paragraphs 1 and 2.
3. For each position of a given trading desk, an institution's compliance with the P&L attribution requirement as referred in to paragraph 1 shall lead to the identification of a precise list of risk factors that are deemed appropriate for verifying the institution's compliance with the back-testing requirement set out in Article 325bf.’;
(b)paragraph 4 is amended as follows:
(i)points (a) and (b) are replaced by the following:
‘(a) the criteria specifying whether the theoretical changes in the value of a trading desk's portfolio are either close or sufficiently close to the hypothetical changes in the value of a trading desk's portfolio for the purposes of paragraph 1, taking into account international regulatory developments;
(b) the additional own funds requirement referred to in paragraph 2;’;
(ii)point (e) is deleted;
(iii)the last two subparagraphs are replaced by the following:
EBA shall submit those draft regulatory technical standards to the Commission by [9 months after the entry in force of this Regulation].
Power is delegated to the Commission to supplement this Regulation by adopting the regulatory technical standards referred to in the first subparagraph in accordance with Articles 10 to 14 of Regulation (EU) No 1093/2010.’;
(157)Article 325bh is amended as follows:
(a)in paragraph 1, the following point (i) is added:
‘(i) for positions in CIUs, institutions shall look through the underlying positions of the CIUs at least on a weekly basis to calculate their own funds requirements in accordance with this Chapter; institutions that do not have adequate data inputs or information to calculate the own fund requirement for market risk of a CIU position in accordance with the look-through approach may rely on a third party to obtain those data inputs or information, provided that all the following conditions are met:
(i)the third party is one of the following:
–the depository institution or the depository financial institution of the CIU, provided that the CIU exclusively invests in securities and deposits all the securities at that depository institution or depository financial institution;
–for CIUs not covered by the first indent of this point(i), the CIU management company, provided that the CIU management company meets the criteria set out in Article 132(3), point (a).
(ii)the third party provides the institution with the adequate data inputs or information to calculate the own funds requirement for market risk of the CIU position in accordance with the approach referred to in the first subparagraph;
(iii)an external auditor of the institution has confirmed the adequacy of the third party's data or information referred to in point (ii) and the institution’s competent authority has unrestricted access to these data and information upon request.’;
(b)paragraph 2 is replaced by the following:
‘2. An institution may use empirical correlations within broad categories of risk factors and, for the purpose of calculating the unconstrained expected shortfall measure UESt as referred to in Article 325bb(1) across broad categories of risk factors only where the institution's approach for measuring those correlations is sound, consistent with either the applicable liquidity horizons or, upon the satisfaction of the institution’s competent authority, with the base time horizon of 10 days set out in Article 325bc(1) and implemented with integrity.’;
(c)paragraph 3 is deleted;
(158)in Article 325bi(1), point (b) is amended as follows:
‘(b) an institution shall have a risk control unit that is independent from business trading units and that reports directly to senior management. That unit shall:
(i)be responsible for designing and implementing any internal risk-measurement model used in the alternative internal model approach for the purposes of this Chapter;
(ii)be responsible for the overall risk management system;
(iii)produce and analyse daily reports on the output of any internal model used to calculate capital requirements for market risks, and on the appropriateness of measures to be taken in terms of trading limits.
A separate validation unit from the risk control unit shall conduct the initial and ongoing validation of any internal risk-measurement model used in the alternative internal model approach for the purposes of this Chapter.’;
(159)Article 325bp is amended as follows:
(a)paragraph 5 is amended as follows:
(i)points (d) and (e) are replaced by the following:
‘(d) an institution that has been granted permission to estimate default probabilities in accordance with Title II, Chapter 3, Section 1 for the exposure class and the rating system corresponding to a given issuer shall use the methodology set out therein to calculate the default probabilities of that issuer, provided that data for such estimation are available;
(e) an institution that has not been granted permission to estimate default probabilities referred to in point (d) shall develop an internal methodology or use external sources to estimate these default probabilities consistently with the requirements applying to estimates of default probability under this Article.’;
(ii)the following subparagraph is added:
‘For the purposes of point (d), the data to perform the estimation of the default probabilities of a given issuer of a trading book position are available where, at the calculation date, the institution has a non-trading book position on the same obligor for which it estimates default probabilities in accordance with Title II, Chapter 3, Section 1 to calculate its own funds requirements set out in that Chapter.’;
(b)paragraph 6 is amended as follows:
(i)points (c) and (d) are replaced by the following:
‘(c) an institution that has been granted permission to estimate loss given default in accordance with Title II, Chapter 3, Section 1 for the exposure class and the rating system corresponding to a given exposure shall use the methodology set out therein to calculate loss given default estimates of that issuer, provided that data for such estimation are available;
(d) an institution that has not been granted permission to estimate loss given default referred to in point (c) shall develop an internal methodology or use external sources to estimate loss given default consistently with the requirements applying to estimates of loss given default under this Article.’;
(ii)the following subparagraph is added:
‘For the purposes of point (c), the data to perform the estimation of the loss given default a given issuer of a trading book position are available where, at the calculation date, the institution has a non-trading book position on the same exposure for which it estimates loss given default in accordance with Title II, Chapter 3, Section 1 to calculate its own funds requirements set out in that Chapter.’;
(160)in Article 337, paragraph 2 is replaced by the following:
‘2. When determining risk weights for the purposes of paragraph 1, institutions shall use exclusively the approach set out in Title II, Chapter 5, Section 3.’;
(161)in Article 338, paragraphs 1 and 2 are replaced by the following:
‘1. For the purposes of this Article, an institution shall determine its correlation trading portfolio in accordance with the provisions set out in Article 325, paragraphs 6, 7 and 8.
2. An institution shall determine the larger of the following amounts as the specific risk own funds requirement for the correlation trading portfolio:
(a)the total specific risk own funds requirement that would apply just to the net long positions of the correlation trading portfolio;
(b)the total specific risk own funds requirement that would apply just to the net short positions of the correlation trading portfolio.’;
(162)in Article 352, paragraph 2 is deleted;
(163)in Article 361, point (c) and the last paragraph are deleted;
(164)in Part Three, Title IV, Chapter 5 is deleted;
(165)in Article 381 , the following paragraph is added:
‘For the purposes of this Title, ‘CVA risk’ means the risk of losses arising from changes in the value of CVA, calculated for the portfolio of transactions with a counterparty as set out in the first paragraph, due to movements in a counterparty’s credit spreads risk factors and in other risk factors embedded in the portfolio of transactions.’;
(166)Article 382 is amended as follows:
(a)paragraph 2 is replaced by the following:
‘2. An institution shall include in the calculation of own funds required by paragraph 1 securities financing transactions that are fair-valued under the accounting framework applicable to the institution where the institution's CVA risk exposures arising from those transactions are material.’;
(b)the following paragraphs 4a and 4b are inserted:
‘4a. By way of derogation from paragraph 4, an institution may choose to calculate an own funds requirements for CVA risk, using any of the applicable approaches referred to in Article 382a, for those transactions that are excluded in accordance with paragraph 4, where the institution uses eligible hedges determined in accordance with Article 386 to mitigate the CVA risk of those transactions. Institutions shall establish policies to specify where they choose to satisfy their own funds requirements for CVA risk for such transactions.
4b. Institutions shall report to their competent authorities the results of the calculations of the own funds requirements for CVA risk for all the transactions referred to in paragraph 4. For the purposes of that reporting requirement, institutions shall calculate the own funds requirements for CVA risk using the relevant approaches set out in Article 382a(1), that they would have used to satisfy an own funds requirement for CVA risk if those transactions were not excluded from the scope in accordance with paragraph 4.’
(c)the following paragraph 6 is added:
‘6. EBA shall develop draft regulatory technical standards to specify the conditions and the criteria that the competent authorities shall use to assess whether the CVA risk exposures arising from fair-valued securities financing transactions are material, as well as the frequency of that assessment.
EBA shall submit those draft regulatory technical standards to the Commission by [OP please insert the date = 2 years after the entry into force of this Regulation].
Power is delegated to the Commission to adopt the regulatory technical standards referred to in the second subparagraph in accordance with Articles 10 to 14 of Regulation (EU) No 1093/ 2010.’;
(167)the following Article 382a is inserted:
‘Article 382a
Approaches for calculating the own funds requirements for CVA risk
1. An institution shall calculate the own funds requirements for CVA risk for all the transactions referred to in Article 382 in accordance with the following approaches:
(a)the standardised approach set out in Article 383, where the institution has been granted permission to use that approach by the competent authorities;
(b)the basic approach set out in Article 384;
(c)the simplified approach set out in Article 385, provided that the institution meets the conditions set out in paragraph 1 of that Article.
2. An institution shall not use the approach referred to in paragraph 1, point (c), in combination with the approaches referred to in paragraph 1, points (a) or (b).
3. An institution may use a combination of the approaches referred to in paragraph 1, points (a) and (b), to calculate the own funds requirements for CVA risk on a permanent basis in the following situations:
(a)for different counterparties;
(b)for different eligible netting sets with the same counterparty;
(c)for different transactions of the same eligible netting set, provided that the following conditions are met:
(i)the institution shall split the netting set into two hypothetical netting sets, and allocate all the transactions subject to the approach referred to in paragraph 1, point (a), to the same hypothetical netting set and all the transactions subject to the approach referred to in paragraph 1, point (b) to the other hypothetical netting set to calculate to the own funds requirements for CVA risk;
(ii)the split referred to in point (a) shall be consistent with the manner in which the institution determines the legal netting of the CVA calculated for accounting purposes;
(iii)the permission granted by competent authorities to use the approach referred to in paragraph 1, point (a), shall be limited to the hypothetical netting set for which the institution uses the approach referred to in paragraph 1, point (a), to calculate to the own funds requirements for CVA risk.
Institutions shall establish policies to explain how they use a combination of the approaches referred to in paragraph 1, points (a) and (b), and as set out in this paragraph, to calculate the own funds requirements for CVA risk on a permanent basis.’;
(168)Article 383 is replaced by the following:
‘Article 383
Standardised approach
1. Competent authorities shall grant an institution permission to calculate its own funds requirements for CVA risk for a portfolio of transactions with one or more counterparties by using the standardised approach in accordance with paragraph 3, after having assessed whether the institution complies with the following requirements:
(a)the institution has established a distinct unit which is responsible for the institution’s overall risk management and hedging of CVA risk;
(b)for each counterparty concerned, the institution has developed a regulatory CVA model to calculate the CVA of that counterparty in accordance with Article 383a;
(c)for each counterparty concerned, the institution is able to calculate, at least on a monthly basis, the sensitivities of its CVA to the risk factors concerned as determined in accordance with Article 383b;
(d)for all positions in eligible hedges recognised in accordance with Article 386 for the purposes of calculating the institution’s own funds requirements for CVA risk using the standardised approach, the institution is able to calculate, and at least on a monthly basis, thee sensitivities of those positions to the relevant risk factors determined in accordance with Article 383b.
For the purposes of point (c), the sensitivity of a counterparty’s CVA to a risk factor means the relative change in the value of that CVA, as a result of a change in the value of one of the relevant risk factors of that CVA, calculated using the institution's regulatory CVA model in accordance with Articles 383i to 383j.
For the purposes of point (d), the sensitivity of a positions in an eligible hedge to a risk factor means the relative change in the value of that position, as a result of a change in the value of one of the relevant risk factors of that position, calculated using the institution's pricing model in accordance with Articles 383i to 383j.
2. For the purposes of calculating the own funds requirements for CVA risk, the following definitions shall apply:
(a)‘risk class’ means any of the following categories:
(i)interest rate risk;
(ii)counterparty credit spread risk;
(iii)reference credit spread risk;
(iv)equity risk;
(v)commodity risk;
(vi)foreign exchange risk;
(b)‘CVA portfolio’ means the portfolio composed of the aggregate CVA and all the eligible hedges referred to in paragraph 1, point (d);
(c)‘aggregate CVA’ means the sum of the CVAs calculated using the regulatory CVA model for all counterparties referred to in paragraph 1, first subparagraph.
3. Institutions shall determine the own funds requirements for CVA risk using the standardised approach as the sum of the following two own funds requirements calculated in accordance with Article 383b:
(a)the own funds requirements for delta risk which capture the risk of changes in the institution’s CVA portfolio due to movements in the relevant non-volatility related risk factors;
(b)the own funds requirements for vega risk which capture the risk of changes in the institution’s CVA portfolio due to movements in the relevant volatility related risk factors.’;
(169)the following Articles 383a to 383w are inserted:
‘Article 383a
Regulatory CVA model
1. A regulatory CVA model used for the calculation of the own funds requirements for CVA risk in accordance with Article 384 shall be conceptually sound, shall be implemented with integrity, and shall comply with all of the following requirements:
(a)the regulatory CVA model shall be capable of modelling the CVA of a given counterparty, recognising netting and margin agreement at netting set level, where relevant, in accordance with this Article;
(b)the institution estimates the counterparty’s probabilities of default referred to in point (a) from the counterparty’s credit spreads and market-convention loss-given-default for that counterparty.
(c)the expected loss-given-default referred to in point (a) shall be the same as the market-convention loss-given-default referred to in point (b), unless the institution can justify that the seniority of the portfolio of transactions with that counterparty differs from the seniority of senior unsecured bonds issued by that counterparty;
(d)at each future time point, the simulated discounted future exposure of the portfolio of transactions with a counterparty is calculated with an exposure model by repricing all the transactions in that portfolio, based on the simulated joint changes of the market risk factors that are material to those transactions using an appropriate number of scenarios, and discounting the prices to the date of calculation using risk-free interest rates;
(d)the regulatory CVA model is capable of modelling significant dependency between the simulated discounted future exposure of the portfolio of transactions with the counterparty's credit spreads;
(e)where the transactions of the portfolio are included in a netting set subject to a margin agreement and daily mark-to-market valuation, the collateral posted and received as part of that agreement is recognised as a risk mitigant in the simulated discounted future exposure, where all of the following conditions are met:
(i)the institution determines the relevant margin period of risk relevant for that netting set in accordance with the requirements set out in Article 285, paragraphs 2 and 5, and reflects that margin period in the calculation of the simulated discounted future exposure;
(ii)all the applicable features of the margin agreement, including the frequency of margin calls, the type of contractually eligible collateral, the threshold amounts, the minimum transfer amounts, the independent amounts and the initial margins for both the institution and the counterparty are appropriately reflected in the calculation of the simulated discounted future exposure;
(iii)the institution has established a collateral management unit that complies with the Article 287 for all the collateral recognised for the calculation of the own funds requirements for CVA risk using the standardised approach.
For the purposes of point (a), CVA shall have a positive sign and shall be calculated as a function of the counterparty’s expected loss-given-default, an appropriate set of the counterparty’s probabilities of default at future time points and an appropriate set of simulated discounted future exposures of the portfolio of transactions with that counterparty at future time points until the maturity of the longest transaction in that portfolio.
For the purposes of point (b), where the credit default swap spreads of the counterparty are observable in the market, an institution shall use those spreads. Where such credit default swap spreads are not available, an institution shall use one of the following approaches:
(i)credit spreads from other instruments issued by the counterparty reflecting current market conditions;
(ii)proxy spreads that are appropriate considering to the rating, industry and region of the counterparty.
For the purposes of the justification referred to point (d), collateral received from the counterparty shall not change the seniority of the exposure.
For the purposes of point (f)(iii), where the institution has already established such unit for using the internal model method referred to in Article 283, the institution shall not be required to establish an additional collateral management unit where that institution demonstrates to its competent authorities that such unit complies with the requirements set out in Article 287 for all the collateral recognised for calculating the own funds requirements for CVA risks using the standardised approach.
2. An institution using a regulatory CVA model shall comply with all the following qualitative requirements:
(a)the exposure model referred to in paragraph 1, point (d), is part of the institution’s internal CVA risk management system that includes the identification, measurement, management, approval and internal reporting of CVA and CVA risk for accounting purposes;
(b)the institution shall have a process in place for ensuring compliance with a documented set of internal policies, controls, assessment of model performance and procedures concerning the exposure model referred to in paragraph 1, point (d);
(c)the institution shall have an independent control unit that is responsible for the effective initial and ongoing validation of the exposure model referred to in paragraph 1, point (d). This unit shall be independent from business credit and from trading units, including the unit referred to in Article 383(1), point (a), and shall report directly to senior management; it shall have a sufficient number of staff with a level of skills that is appropriate to fulfil this purpose;
(d)the institution’s senior management shall be actively involved in the risk control process and shall regard CVA risk control as an essential aspect of the business, to which appropriate resources need to be devoted;
(e)the institution shall document the process for initial and ongoing validation of its exposure model referred to in paragraph 1, point (d), to a level of detail that would enable a third party to understand how the models operate, their limitations, and their key assumptions, and recreate the analysis. This documentation shall set out the minimum frequency with which ongoing validation will be conducted, as well as other circumstances (such as a sudden change in market behaviour) under which additional validation shall be conducted; it shall describe how the validation is conducted with respect to data flows and portfolios, what analyses are used and how representative counterparty portfolios are constructed;
(f)the pricing models used in the exposure model referred to in paragraph 1, point (a), for a given scenario of simulated market risk factors shall be tested against appropriate independent benchmarks for a wide range of market states as part of the initial and ongoing model validation process. Pricing models for options shall account for the non-linearity of option value with respect to market risk factors;
(g)an independent review of the institution’s internal CVA risk management system referred to in point (a) of this paragraph shall be carried out by the institution’s internal auditing process on a regular basis. This review should include both the activities of the unit referred to in Article 383(1), point (a), and of the independent risk control unit referred to in point (c) of this paragraph;
(h)the model used by the institution for calculating the simulated discounted future exposure referred to in paragraph 1, point (a), shall reflect transaction terms and specifications and margin arrangements in a timely, complete, and conservative fashion. The terms and specifications shall reside in a secure database subject to formal and periodic audit. The transmission of transaction terms and specifications data and margin arrangements to the exposure model shall also be subject to internal audit, and formal reconciliation processes shall be in place between the internal model and source data systems to verify on an ongoing basis that transaction terms, specifications and margin arrangements are being reflected in the exposure system correctly or, at least, conservatively;
(i)the current and historical market data inputs used in the model used by the institution for calculating the simulated discounted future exposure referred to in paragraph 1, point (a), shall be acquired independently of the lines of business. They shall be fed into the model used by the institution for calculating the simulated discounted future exposure referred to in paragraph 1, point (a), in a timely and complete fashion, and maintained in a secure database subject to formal and periodic audit. An institution shall have a well-developed data integrity process to handle inappropriate data observations. In the case where the model relies on proxy market data, an institution shall design internal policies to identify suitable proxies and shall demonstrate empirically on an ongoing basis that the proxies provide a conservative representation of the underlying risk;
(j)the exposure model shall capture the transaction specific and contractual information necessary to be able to aggregate exposures at the level of the netting set. An institution shall verify that transactions are assigned to the appropriate netting set within the model.
For the purposes of the calculation of the own funds requirement for CVA risks referred to in point (a), the exposure model may have different specifications and assumptions in order to meet all the requirements set out in Article 383a, except that its market input data and netting recognition shall remain the same as the ones used for accounting purposes.
3. EBA shall develop draft regulatory technical standards to specify how proxy spreads referred to in paragraph 1, point (b)(ii), are to be determined by the institution for the purposes of calculating default probabilities.
4. EBA shall develop draft regulatory technical standards to specify:
(a)further technical elements that institution shall take into account when calculating the counterparty’s expected loss-given-default, the counterparty’s probabilities of default and the simulated discounted future exposure of the portfolio of transactions with that counterparty and CVA, as referred to in paragraph 1, point (a);
(b)which other instruments referred to in paragraph 1, point (b)(i), are appropriate to estimate the counterparty’s probabilities of default and how institutions shall perform this estimation.
EBA shall submit those draft regulatory technical standards referred to in paragraphs 3 and 4 to the Commission by [OP please insert date = 24 months after the date of entry into force of that Regulation].
Power is delegated to the Commission to supplement this Regulation by adopting the regulatory technical standards referred to in the first subparagraph in accordance with Articles 10 to 14 of Regulation (EU) No 1093/2010.
4. EBA shall develop draft regulatory technical standards to specify:
(a)the conditions for assessing the materiality of extensions and changes to the use of the standardised approach as referred to in Article 383(3);
(b)the assessment methodology under which competent authorities shall verify an institution's compliance with the requirements set out in Articles 383 and 383a.
EBA shall submit those draft regulatory technical standards to the Commission 36 months [after the entry into force of that Regulation].
Power is delegated to the Commission to supplement this Regulation by adopting the regulatory technical standards referred to in the first subparagraph in accordance with Articles 10 to 14 of Regulation (EU) No 1093/2010.
Article 383 - b Own funds requirements for delta and vega risks
1. Institutions shall apply the delta and vega risk factors described in Articles 383c to 383h, and the process set out in paragraphs 2 to 8, to calculate the own funds requirements for delta and vega risks.2. For each risk class referred to in Article 383(2), the sensitivity of the aggregate CVAs and the sensitivity of all the positions in eligible hedges falling within the scope of the own funds requirements for delta or vega risks to each of the applicable delta or vega risk factors included in that risk class shall be calculated by using the corresponding formulas laid down in Articles 383i and 383j. Where the value of an instrument depends on several risk factors, the sensitivity shall be determined separately for each risk factor.
For the calculation of the vega risk sensitivities of the aggregate CVAs, sensitivities both to volatilities used in the exposure model to simulate risk factors and to volatilities used to reprice option transactions in the portfolio with the counterparty shall be included.
By way of derogation from paragraph 1, subject to the permission of the competent authorities, an institution may use alternative definitions of delta and vega risk sensitivities in the calculation of the own funds requirements of a trading book position under this Chapter, provided that the institution meets all the following conditions:
(a)those alternative definitions are used for internal risk management purposes and for the reporting of profits and losses to senior management by an independent risk control unit within the institution;
(b)the institution demonstrates that those alternative definitions are more appropriate for capturing the sensitivities of the position than the formulas set out in Articles 383i and 383j, and that the resulting sensitivities do not materially differ from those formulas.
3. Where an eligible hedge is an index instrument, institutions shall calculate the sensitivities of that eligible hedge to all the relevant risk factors by applying the shift of one of the relevant risk factor to each of the index constituents.
4. An institution may introduce additional risk classes to the ones referred to in Article 383(2) that correspond to qualified index instruments. For the purposes of delta risks, an index instrument shall be considered to be qualified where it meets the conditions set out in Article 325i(3). For vega risks, all index instruments shall be considered qualified.
An institution shall calculate delta and vega sensitivities to a qualified index risk factor as a single sensitivity to the underlying qualified index. Where 75% of the constituents of a qualified index are mapped to the same sector as set out in Articles 383o, 383r and 383t, the institution shall map the qualified index to that same sector. Otherwise, the institution shall map the sensitivity to the applicable qualified index bucket.
5. The weighted sensitivities of the aggregate CVA and of the market value of all eligible hedges to each risk factor shall be calculated by multiplying the respective net sensitivities by the corresponding risk weight, in accordance with the following formulae:
where:
= the index that denotes the risk factor k;
= the risk weight applicable to the risk factor k;
= the weighted sensitivity of the aggregate CVA to risk factor k;
= the net sensitivity of the aggregate CVA to risk factor k;
= the weighted sensitivity of the market value of all the eligible hedges in the CVA portfolio to risk factor k;
= the net sensitivity of the market value of all the eligible hedges in the CVA portfolio to risk factor k.
6. Institutions shall calculated the net weighted sensitivity of the CVA portfolio to risk factor k in accordance with the following formula:
7. The net weighted sensitivities within the same bucket shall be aggregated in accordance with the following formula, using the corresponding correlations for weighted sensitivities within the same bucket set out in Articles 383l, 383s and 383p giving rise to the bucket-specific sensitivity :
where:
= the bucket-specific sensitivity of bucket b;
= the corresponding intra-bucket correlation parameters;
= the hedging disallowance parameter equal to 0.01;
= the net weighted sensitivities.
8. The bucket-specific sensitivity shall be calculated in accordance with paragraphs 5, 6 and 7 for each bucket within a risk class. Once the bucket-specific sensitivity has been calculated for all buckets, weighted sensitivities to all risk factors across buckets shall be aggregated in accordance with the following formula, using the corresponding correlations for weighted sensitivities in different buckets set out in Articles 383l, 383 and 383q, giving rise to the risk-class specific own funds requirements for delta or vega risk:
where:
= a multiplier factor which is equal to 1; competent authorities may increase the value of where the institution’s regulatory CVA model shows deficiencies to appropriately measure the own funds requirements for CVA risk;
= the bucket-specific sensitivity of bucket b;
= the correlation parameter between buckets b and c;
for all risk factors in bucket b;
for all risk factors in bucket c.
Article 383 - c Interest rate risk factors
1. For the interest rate delta risk factors, including inflation rate risk, there shall be one bucket per currency, with each bucket containing different types of risk factors.The interest rate delta risk factors that are applicable to interest-rate sensitive instruments in the CVA portfolio shall be the risk-free rates per currency concerned and per each of the following maturities: 1 year, 2 years, 5 years, 10 years and 30 years.
The interest rate delta risk factors applicable to inflation-rate sensitive instruments in the CVA portfolio shall be the inflation rates per currency concerned and per each of the following maturities: 1 year, 2 years, 5 years, 10 years and 30 years.
2. The currencies for which an institution shall apply the interest rate delta risk factors in accordance with paragraph 1 shall be USD, EUR, GBP, AUD, CAD, SEK, JPY and the institution’s reporting currency.
3. For currencies not specified in paragraph 2, the interest rate delta risk factors shall be the absolute change of the inflation rate and the parallel shift of the entire risk-free curve for a given currency.
4. Institutions shall obtain the risk-free rates per currency from money market instruments held in their trading book that have the lowest credit risk, including overnight index swaps.
5. Where institutions cannot apply the approach referred to in paragraph 4, the risk-free rates shall be based on one or more market-implied swap curves used by the institutions to mark positions to market, such as the interbank offered rate swap curves.
Where the data on market-implied swap curves described in the first subparagraph of this paragraph are insufficient, the risk-free rates may be derived from the most appropriate sovereign bond curve for a given currency.
Article 383 - d Foreign exchange risk factors
1. The foreign exchange delta risk factors to be applied by institutions to instruments in the CVA portfolio sensitive to foreign exchange spot rates shall be the spot foreign exchange rates between the currency in which an instrument is denominated and the institution's reporting currency. There shall be one bucket per currency pair, containing a single risk factor and a single net sensitivity.2. The foreign exchange vega risk factors to be applied by institutions to instruments in the CVA portfolio sensitive to foreign exchange volatility shall be the implied volatilities of foreign exchange rates between the currency pairs referred to in paragraph 1. There shall be one bucket for all currencies and maturities, containing all foreign exchange vega risk factors and a single net sensitivity.
3. Institutions shall not be required to distinguish between onshore and offshore variants of a currency for foreign exchange delta and vega risk factors.
Article 383 - e Counterparty credit spread risk factors
1. The counterparty credit spread delta risk factor applicable to counterparty credit spread sensitive instruments in the CVA portfolio shall be the credit spreads of individual counterparties and reference names and qualified indices for the following maturities: 0,5 years, 1 year, 3 years, 5 years and 10 years.2. The interest rate delta risk factor applicable to inflation-rate sensitive instruments in the CVA portfolio shall be the relevant inflation rates per currency and per each of the following maturities: 1 year, 2 years, 5 years, 10 years and 30 years.
Article 383 - f Reference credit spread risk factors
1. The reference credit spread delta risk factor applicable to reference credit spread sensitive instruments in the CVA portfolio shall be the credit spreads of all maturities for all reference names within a bucket. There shall be one net sensitivity computed for each bucket.2. The reference credit spread vega risk factor applicable to instruments in the CVA portolio sensitive to reference credit spread volatility shall be the volatilities of the credit spreads of all tenors for all reference names within a bucket. There shall be one net sensitivity computed for each bucket.
Article 383 - g Equity risk factors
1. The buckets for all equity risk factors shall be the buckets referred to in Article 383s.2. The equity delta risk factors to be applied by institutions to instruments in the CVA portfolio sensitive to equity spot prices shall be the spot prices of all equities mapped to the same bucket referred to in paragraph 1. There shall be one net sensitivity computed for each bucket.
3. The equity vega risk factors to be applied by institutions to instruments in the CVA portfolio sensitive to equity volatility shall be the implied volatilities of all the equities mapped to the same bucket referred to in paragraph 1. There shall be one net sensitivity computed for each bucket.
Article 383 - h Commodity risk factors
1. The buckets for all commodity risk factors shall be the sectorial buckets referred to in Article 383v.2. The commodity delta risk factors to be applied by institutions to instruments in the CVA portfolio sensitive to commodity spot prices shall be the spot prices of all commodities mapped to the same sectorial bucket referred to in paragraph 1. There shall be one net sensitivity computed for each sectorial bucket.
3. The commodity vega risk factors to be applied by institutions to instruments in the CVA portfolio sensitive to commodity price volatility shall be the implied volatilities of all the commodities mapped to the same sectorial bucket referred to in paragraph 1. There shall be one net sensitivity computed for each sectorial bucket.
Article 383 - i Delta risk sensitivities
1. Institutions shall calculate delta sensitivities consisting of interest rate risk factors as follows:(a)the delta sensitivities of the aggregate CVA to risk factors consisting of risk-free rates, as well as of an eligible hedge to those risk factors, shall be calculated as follows:
where:
= the sensitivities of the aggregate CVA to a risk-free rate risk factor;
= the value of the risk-free rate risk factor k with maturity t;
= the aggregate CVA calculated by the regulatory CVA model;
= risk factors other than in ;
= the sensitivities of the eligible hedge i to a risk-free rate risk factor;
= the pricing function of the eligible hedge i;
= risk factors other than in the pricing function .
(b)the delta sensitivities to risk factors consisting of inflation rates as well as of an eligible hedge to those risk factor, shall be calculated as follows:
where:
= the sensitivities of the aggregate CVA to an inflation rate risk factor;
= the value of an inflation rate risk factor k with maturity t;
= the aggregate CVA calculated by the regulatory CVA model;
= risk factors other than in ;
= the sensitivities of the eligible hedge i to an inflation rate risk factor;
= the pricing function of the eligible hedge i;
= risk factors other than in the pricing function .
2. Institutions shall calculate the delta sensitivities of the aggregate CVA to risk factors consisting of foreign exchange spot rates, as well as of an eligible hedge instrument to those risk factors, as follows:
where:
= the sensitivities of the aggregate CVA to a foreign exchange spot rate risk factor;
= the value of the foreign exchange spot rate risk factor k;
= the aggregate CVA calculated by the regulatory CVA model;
= risk factors other than in ;
= the sensitivities of the eligible hedge i to a foreign exchange spot rate risk factor;
= the pricing function of the eligible hedge i;
= risk factors other than in the pricing function .
3. Institutions shall calculate the delta sensitivities of the aggregate CVA to risk factors consisting of counterparty credit spread rates, as well as of an eligible hedge instrument to those risk factors, as follows:
where:
= the sensitivities of the aggregate CVA to a counterparty credit spread rate risk factor;
= the value of the counterparty credit spread rate risk factor k at maturity t;
= the aggregate CVA calculated by the regulatory CVA model;
= risk factors other than in ;
= the sensitivities of the eligible hedge i to a counterparty credit spread rate risk factor;
= the pricing function of the eligible hedge i
= risk factors other than in the pricing function .
4. Institutions shall calculate the delta sensitivities of the aggregate CVA to risk factors consisting of reference credit spread rates, as well as of an eligible hedge instrument to those risk factors, as follows:
where:
= the sensitivities of the aggregate CVA to a reference credit spread rate risk factor;
= the value of the reference credit spread rate risk factor k at maturity t;
= the aggregate CVA calculated by the regulatory CVA model;
= risk factors other than in ;
= the sensitivities of the eligible hedge i to a reference credit spread rate risk factor;
= the pricing function of the eligible hedge i
= risk factors other than in the pricing function .
5. Institutions shall calculate the delta sensitivities of the aggregate CVA to risk factors consisting of equity spot prices, as well as of an eligible hedge instrument to those risk factors, as follows:
where:
= the sensitivities of the aggregate CVA to an equity spot price risk factor;
= the value of the equity spot price;
= the aggregate CVA calculated by the regulatory CVA model;
= risk factors other than in ;
= the sensitivities of the eligible hedge i to an equity spot price risk factor;
= the pricing function of the eligible hedge i;
= risk factors other than in the pricing function .
6. Institutions shall calculate the delta sensitivities of the aggregate CVA to risk factors consisting of commodity spot prices, as well as of an eligible hedge instrument to those risk factors, as follows:
where:
= the sensitivities of the aggregate CVA to a commodity spot price risk factor;
= the value of the commodity spot price;
= the aggregate CVA calculated by the regulatory CVA model;
= risk factors other than in ;
= the sensitivities of the eligible hedge i to a commodity spot price risk factor;
= the pricing function of the eligible hedge i;
= risk factors other than in the pricing function .
Article 383 - j Vega risk sensitivities
Institutions shall calculate the vega risk sensitivities of the aggregate CVA to risk factors consisting of implied volatility, as well as of an eligible hedge instrument to those risk factors, as follows:where:
= the sensitivities of the aggregate CVA to an implied volatility risk factor;
= the value of the implied volatility risk factor, expressed as a percentage;
= the aggregate CVA calculated by the regulatory CVA model;
= risk factors other than in the pricing function ;
= the sensitivities of the eligible hedge instrument i to an implied volatility risk factor;
= the pricing function of the eligible hedge i;
= risk factors other than in the pricing function .
Article 383 - k Risk weights for interest rate risk
1. For currencies referred to in Article 383c(2), the risk weights of risk-free rate delta sensitivities for each bucket in Table 1 shall be the following:Table 1
| Bucket | Maturity | Risk Weight |
| 1 | 1 year | 1.11% |
| 2 | 2 years | 0.93% |
| 3 | 5 years | 0.74% |
| 4 | 10 years | 0.74% |
| 5 | 30 years | 0.74% |
2. For currencies other than the currencies referred to in Article 383c(2), the risk weight of risk-free rate delta sensitivities shall be 1.58%.
3. For inflation rate risk denominated in one of the currencies referred to in Article 383c(2), the risk weight of the sensitivity to the inflation rate risk shall be 1.11%.
4. For inflation rate risk denominated in a currency other than the currencies referred to in Article 383c(2), the risk weight of the sensitivity to the inflation rate risk shall be 1.58%.
5. The risk weights to be applied to sensitivities to interest rate vega risk factors and to inflation rate risk factors for all currencies shall be 100%.
Article 383 - l Intra-bucket correlations for interest rate risk
1. For the currencies referred to in Article 383c(2), the correlation parameters that institutions shall apply for the aggregation of the risk-free rate delta sensitivities between the different buckets set out in Table 2 shall be the following:Table 2
| Bucket | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 |
| 1 | 100% | 91% | 72% | 55% | 31% |
| 2 | 100% | 87% | 72% | 45% | |
| 3 | 100% | 91% | 68% | ||
| 4 | 100% | 83% | |||
| 5 | 100% |
2. The correlation parameter that institutions shall apply for the aggregation of inflation rate delta risk sensitivity and risk-free rate delta sensitivity denominated in the same currency shall be 40%.
3. The correlation parameter that institutions shall apply for the aggregation of inflation rate vega risk factor sensitivity and interest rate vega risk factor sensitivity denominated in the same currency shall be 40%.
Article 383 - m Risk weights for foreign exchange risk
1. The risk weights for all delta sensitivities to foreign exchange risk factor between an institution’s reporting currency and another currency shall be 11%.2. The risk weights for all vega sensitivities to foreign exchange risk factor shall be 100%.
Article 383 - n Correlations for foreign exchange risk
A uniform correlation parameter equal to 60% shall apply to the aggregation of sensitivities to delta and vega foreign exchange risk factors.Article 383 - o Risk weights for counterparty credit spread risk
1. The risk weights for the delta sensitivities to credit spread risk factors shall be the same for all maturities (0,5 years, 1 year, 3 years, 5 years, 10 years) within each bucket in Table 3 and shall be the following:Table 3
| Bucket number | Credit quality | Sector | Risk weight (percentage points) |
| 1 | All | Central government, including central banks, of a Member State | 0,5% |
| 2 | Credit quality step 1 to 3 | Central government, including central banks, of a third country, multilateral development banks and international organisations referred to in Articles 117(2) and 118 | 0,5% |
| 3 | Regional or local authority and public sector entities | 1,0% | |
| 4 | Financial sector entities including credit institutions incorporated or established by a central government, a regional government or a local authority and promotional lenders | 5,0% | |
| 5 | Basic materials, energy, industrials, agriculture, manufacturing, mining and quarrying | 3,0% | |
| 6 | Consumer goods and services, transportation and storage, administrative and support service activities | 30% | |
| 7 | Technology, telecommunications | 2,0% | |
| 8 | Health care, utilities, professional and technical activities | 1,5% | |
| 9 | Other sector | 5,0% | |
| 10 | Qualified indices | 1,5% | |
| 11 | Credit quality step 4 to 6 and unrated | Central government, including central banks, of a third country, multilateral development banks and international organisations referred to in Articles 117(2) and 118 | 2,0% |
| 12 | Regional or local authority and public sector entities | 4,0% | |
| 13 | Financial sector entities including credit institutions incorporated or established by a central government, a regional government or a local authority and promotional lenders | 12,0% | |
| 14 | Basic materials, energy, industrials, agriculture, manufacturing, mining and quarrying | 7,0% | |
| 15 | Consumer goods and services, transportation and storage, administrative and support service activities | 8,5% | |
| 16 | Technology, telecommunications | 5,5% | |
| 17 | Health care, utilities, professional and technical activities | 5,0% | |
| 18 | Other sector | 12,0% | |
| 19 | Qualified indices | 5,0% |
2. To assign a risk exposure to a sector, institutions shall rely on a classification that is commonly used in the market for grouping issuers by sector. Institutions shall assign each issuer to only one of the sector buckets laid down in Table 3. Risk exposures from any issuer that an institution cannot assign to a sector in such a manner shall be assigned to either bucket 9 or bucket 18 in Table 3, depending on the credit quality of the issuer.
3. Institutions shall assign to buckets 10 and 19 in Table 3 only exposures that reference qualified indices as referred to in Article 383b(4).
4. Institutions shall use a look-through approach to determine the sensitivities of an exposure referencing a non-qualified index.
Article 383 - p Intra-bucket correlations for counterparty credit spread risk
1. Between two sensitivities and , resulting from risk exposures assigned to sector buckets 1 to 9 and 11 to 18, as laid down in Article 383o(1), Table 3, the correlation parameter shall be set as follows:where:
shall be equal to 1 where the two vertices of the sensitivities k and l are identical, otherwise it shall be equal to 90%;
shall be equal to 1 where the two names of sensitivities k and l are identical, otherwise it shall be equal to 50%;
shall be equal to 1 where the two names are both in buckets 1 to 9 or are both in buckets 11 to 18, otherwise it shall be equal to 80%.
2. Between two sensitivities and , resulting from risk exposures assigned to sector buckets 10 and 19, the correlation parameter shall be set as follows:
where:
shall be equal to 1 where the two vertices of the sensitivities k and l are identical, otherwise it shall be equal to 90%;
shall be equal to 1 where the two names of sensitivities k and l are identical and the two indices are of the same series, otherwise it shall be equal to 80%;
shall be equal to 1 where the two names are both in buckets 10 or both in bucket 19, otherwise it shall be equal to 80%.
Article 383 - q Correlations across buckets for counterparty credit spread risk
The cross-bucket correlations for credit spread delta risk shall be the following:Table 4
| Bucket | 1, 2, 3, 11 and 12 | 4 and 13 | 5 and 14 | 6 and 15 | 7 and 16 | 8 and 17 | 9 and 18 | 10 and 19 |
| 1, 2, 3, 11 and 12 | 100% | 10% | 20% | 25% | 20% | 15% | 0% | 45% |
| 4 and 13 | 100% | 5% | 15% | 20% | 5% | 0% | 45% | |
| 5 and 14 | 100% | 25% | 25% | 5% | 0% | 45% | ||
| 6 and 15 | 100% | 83% | 5% | 0% | 45% | |||
| 7 and 16 | 100% | 5% | 0% | 45% | ||||
| 8 and 17 | 100% | 0% | 45% | |||||
| 9 and 18 | 100% | 0% | ||||||
| 10 and 19 | 100% |
Article 383 - r Risk weights for reference credit spread risk
1. The risk weights for the delta sensitivities to reference credit spread risk factors shall be the same for all maturities (0,5 years, 1 year, 3 years, 5 years, 10 years) and all reference credit spread exposures within each bucket in Table 5 and shall be the following:Table 5
| Bucket number | Credit quality | Sector | Risk weight (percentage points) |
| 1 | All | Central government, including central banks, of a Member State | 0,5% |
| 2 | Credit quality step 1 to 3 | Central government, including central banks, of a third country, multilateral development banks and international organisations referred to in Articles 117(2) and 118 | 0,5% |
| 3 | Regional or local authority and public sector entities | 1,0% | |
| 4 | Financial sector entities including credit institutions incorporated or established by a central government, a regional government or a local authority and promotional lenders | 5,0% | |
| 5 | Basic materials, energy, industrials, agriculture, manufacturing, mining and quarrying | 3,0% | |
| 6 | Consumer goods and services, transportation and storage, administrative and support service activities | 3,0% | |
| 7 | Technology, telecommunications | 2,0% | |
| 8 | Health care, utilities, professional and technical activities | 1,5% | |
| 10 | Qualified indices | 1,5% | |
| 11 | Credit quality step 4 to 6 and unrated | Central government, including central banks, of a third country, multilateral development banks and international organisations referred to in Articles 117(2) and 118 | 2,0% |
| 12 | Regional or local authority and public sector entities | 4,0% | |
| 13 | Financial sector entities including credit institutions incorporated or established by a central government, a regional government or a local authority and promotional lenders | 12,0% | |
| 14 | Basic materials, energy, industrials, agriculture, manufacturing, mining and quarrying | 7,0% | |
| 15 | Consumer goods and services, transportation and storage, administrative and support service activities | 8,5% | |
| 16 | Technology, telecommunications | 5,5% | |
| 17 | Health care, utilities, professional and technical activities | 5,0% | |
| 18 | Qualified indices | 5,0% | |
| 19 | Other sector | 12,0% |
2. To assign a risk exposure to a sector, institutions shall rely on a classification that is commonly used in the market for grouping issuers by sector. Institutions shall assign each issuer to only one of the sector buckets in Table 5. Risk exposures from any issuer that an institution can not assign to a sector in such a manner shall be assigned to bucket 19 in Table 5, depending on the credit quality of the issuer.
3. Institutions shall assign to buckets 10 and 18 only exposures that reference qualified indices as referred to in Article 383b(4).
4. Institutions shall use a look-through approach to determine the sensitivities of an exposure referencing a non-qualified index.
Article 383 - s Intra-bucket correlations for reference credit spread risk
1. Between two sensitivities and , resulting from risk exposures assigned to sector buckets 1 to 9 and 11 to 18 of Article A383r(1), Table 5, the correlation parameter shall be set as follows:where:
shall be equal to 1 where the two vertices of the sensitivities k and l are identical, otherwise it shall be equal to 90%;
shall be equal to 1 where the two names of sensitivities k and l are identical, otherwise it shall be equal to 50%;
shall be equal to 1 where the two names are both in buckets 1 to 9 or are both in buckets 11 to 18, otherwise it shall be equal to 80%.
2. Between two sensitivities and , resulting from risk exposures assigned to sector buckets 10 and 19, the correlation parameter shall be set as follows:
where:
shall be equal to 1 where the two vertices of the sensitivities k and l are identical, otherwise it shall be equal to 90%;
shall be equal to 1 where the two names of sensitivities k and l are identical and the two indices are of the same series, otherwise it shall be equal to 80%;
shall be equal to 1 where the two names are both in buckets 10 or both in bucket 19, otherwise it shall be equal to 80%.
Article 383 - t Risk weights buckets for equity risk
1. The risk weights for the delta sensitivities to equity spot price risk factors shall be the same for all equity risk exposures within each bucket in Table 6 and shall be the following:Table 6
| Bucket number | Market capitalisation | Economy | Sector | Risk weight for equity spot price (percentage points) |
| 1 | Large | Emerging market economy | Consumer goods and services, transportation and storage, administrative and support service activities, healthcare, utilities | 55% |
| 2 | Telecommunications, industrials | 60% | ||
| 3 | Basic materials, energy, agriculture, manufacturing, mining and quarrying | 45% | ||
| 4 | Financials including government-backed financials, real estate activities, technology | 55% | ||
| 5 | Advanced economy | Consumer goods and services, transportation and storage, administrative and support service activities, healthcare, utilities | 30% | |
| 6 | Telecommunications, industrials | 35% | ||
| 7 | Basic materials, energy, agriculture, manufacturing, mining and quarrying | 40% | ||
| 8 | Financials including government-backed financials, real estate activities, technology | 50% | ||
| 9 | Small | Emerging market economy | All sectors described under bucket numbers 1, 2, 3, and 4 | 70 |
| 10 | Advanced economy | All sectors described under bucket numbers 5, 6, 7, and 8 | 50% | |
| 11 | Other sector | 70% | ||
| 12 | Large | Advanced economy | Qualified indices | 15% |
| 13 | Other | Qualified indices | 25% |
2. For the purposes of paragraph 1, what constitutes a small and a large capitalisation shall be specified in the regulatory technical standards referred to in Article 325bd(7).
3. For the purposes of paragraph 1, what constitutes an emerging market and an advanced economy shall be specified in the regulatory technical standards referred to in Article 325ap(3).
4. When assigning a risk exposure to a sector, institutions shall rely on a classification that is commonly used in the market for grouping issuers by industry sector. Institutions shall assign each issuer to one of the sector buckets in paragraph 1, Table 6, and shall assign all issuers from the same industry to the same sector. Risk exposures from any issuer that an institution cannot assign to a sector in that fashion shall be assigned to bucket 11. Multinational or multi-sector equity issuers shall be allocated to a particular bucket on the basis of the most material region and sector in which the equity issuer operates.
5. The risk weights for equity vega risk shall be set to 78% for buckets 1 to 8 and bucket 12, and to 100% for all other buckets.
Article 383 - u Correlations across buckets for equity risk
The cross-bucket correlation parameter for equity delta and vega risk shall be set at:(a)15%, where the two buckets fall within buckets 1 to 10 of Article 383t(1), Table 6;
(b)75%, where the two buckets are buckets 12 and 13 of Article 383t(1), Table 6;
(c)45%, where one of the buckets is bucket 12 and 13 of Article 383t(1), Table 6, and the other bucket falls between buckets 1 and 10 of Article 383t(1), Table 6;
(d)0%, where one of the two buckets is bucket 11 of Article 383t(1), Table 6.
Article 383 - v Risk weights buckets for commodity risk
1. The risk weights for the delta sensitivities to commodity spot price risk factors shall be the same for all commodity risk exposures within each bucket in Table 7 and shall be the following:Table 7
| Bucket number | Bucket name | Risk weight for commodity spot price (percentage points) |
| 1 | Energy – Solid combustibles | 30% |
| 2 | Energy – Liquid combustibles | 35% |
| 3 | Energy - Electricity | 60% |
| 4 | Energy – Carbon trading | 40% |
| 5 | Freight | 80% |
| 6 | Metals – non-precious | 40% |
| 7 | Gaseous combustibles | 45% |
| 8 | Precious metals (including gold) | 20% |
| 9 | Grains & oilseed | 35% |
| 10 | Livestock & diary | 25% |
| 11 | Soft and other agriculturals | 35% |
| 12 | Other commodity | 50% |
2. The risk weights for commodity vega risk shall be set to 100%.
Article 383 - w Risk weights buckets for commodity risk
1. The cross-bucket correlation parameter for commodity delta risk shall be set at:(a)20%, where the two buckets fall within buckets 1 to 11 of Article 383v(1), Table 7;
(b)0%, where one of the two buckets is bucket 12 of Article 383v(1), Table 7.
2. The cross-bucket correlation parameter for commodity vega risk shall be set at:
(a)20%, where the two buckets fall within buckets 1 to 11 of Article 383v(1), Table 7;
(b)0%, where one of the two buckets is bucket 12 of Article 383v(1), Table 7.’;
(170)Articles 384, 385 and 386 are replaced by the following:
‘Article 384
Basic approach
1. An institution shall calculate the own funds requirements for CVA risk in accordance with paragraphs 2 or 3, as applicable, for a portfolio of transactions with one or more counterparties by using one of the following formulae, as appropriate:
(a)the formula set out in paragraph 2, where the institution includes in the calculation one or more eligible hedges recognised in accordance with Article 386;
(b)the formula set out in paragraph 3, where the institution does not include in the calculation any eligible hedges recognised in accordance with Article 386.
The approaches set out in points (a) and (b) shall not be used in combination.
2. An institution that meets the condition referred to in paragraph 1, point (a), shall calculate the own funds requirements for CVA risks as follows:
where:
= the own funds requirements for CVA risk under the basic approach;
= the own funds requirements for CVA risk under the basic approach as calculated in accordance with paragraph 3 for an institution that meets the condition laid down in paragraph 1, point (b);
= 0,65;
= 0,25;
where:
= 1,4;
= 0,5;
c = the index that denotes all the counterparties for which the institution calculates the own funds requirements for CVA risk using the approach laid down in this Article;
NS = the index that denotes all the netting sets with a given counterparty for which the institution calculates the own funds requirements for CVA risk using the approach laid down in this Article;
h = the index that denotes all the single-name instruments recognised as eligible hedges in accordance with Article 386 for a given counterparty for which the institution calculates the own funds requirements for CVA risk using the approach laid down in this Article ;
i = the index that denotes all the index instruments recognised as eligible hedges in accordance with Article 386 for all the counterparties for which the institution calculates the own funds requirements for CVA risk using the approach laid down in this Article ;
= the risk weight applicable to counterparty ‘c’. Counterparty ‘c’ shall be mapped to one of the risk weights based on a combination of sector and credit quality and determined in accordance with Table 1.
= the effective maturity for the netting set NS with counterparty c;
For an institution using the methods set out in Title II, Chapter 6, Section 6, shall be calculated in accordance with Article 162(2), point(g). However, for that calculation, shall not be capped at five years, but at the longest contractual remaining maturity in the netting set.
For an institution not using the methods set out in Title II, Chapter 6, Section 6, shall be the average notional weighted maturity as referred to in Article 162(2), point (b). However, for that calculation, shall not be capped at five years, but at the longest contractual remaining maturity in the netting set.
= the counterparty credit risk exposure value of the netting set NS with counterparty c, including the effect of collateral in accordance with the methods set out in Title II, Chapter 6, Sections 3 to 6, as applicable to the calculation of the own funds requirements for counterparty credit risk referred to in Article 92(4), points (a) and (f);
= the supervisory discount factor for the netting set NS with counterparty c.
For an institution, using the methods set out in Title II, Chapter 6, Section 6, the supervisory discount factor shall be set to 1. In all other cases, the supervisory discount factor shall be calculated as follows:
= the supervisory correlation between the credit spread risk of counterparty c and the credit spread risk of a single-name instrument recognised as an eligible hedge h for counterparty c, determined in accordance with Table 2;
= the maturity of a single-name instrument recognised as an eligible hedge;
= the notional of a single name instrument recognised as an eligible hedge;
= the supervisory discount factor for a single name instrument recognised as an eligible hedge, calculated as follows:
= the supervisory risk weight of a single-name instrument recognised as an eligible hedge. Those risk weights shall be based on a combination of sector and credit quality of the reference credit spread of the hedging instrument and determined in accordance with Table 1;
= the maturity of one or more positions in the same index instrument recognised as an eligible hedge. In the case of more than one positions in the same index instrument, shall be the notional-weighted maturity of all those positions;
= the full notional of one or more positions in the same index instrument recognised as an eligible hedge. In the case of more than one positions in the same index instrument, shall be the notional-weighted maturity of all those positions;
= the supervisory discount factor for one or more positions in the same index instrument recognised as an eligible hedge, calculated as follows:
= the supervisory risk weight of an index instrument recognised as an eligible hedge. shall be based on a combination of sector and credit quality of all the index constituents, calculated as follows:
(a)where all the index constituents belong to the same sector and have the same credit quality, as determined in accordance with Table 1, shall be calculated as the relevant risk weight of Table 1 for that sector and credit quality multiplied by 0,7;
(b)where all the index constituents do not belong to the same sector or do not have the same credit quality , shall be calculated as a weighted average of the risk weights of all the index constituents, as determined in accordance with Table 1, multiplied by 0,7;
Table 1
Sector of counterparty | Credit quality | |
| Credit quality step 1 to 3 | Credit quality step 4 to 6 and not rated | |
| Central government, including central banks, of a third country, multilateral development banks and international organisations referred to in Articles 117(2) or Article 118 | 0,5 % | 3,0 % |
| Regional or local authority and public sector entities | 1,0 % | 4,0 % |
| Financial sector entities including credit institutions incorporated or established by a central government, a regional government or a local authority and promotional lenders | 5,0 % | 12,0 % |
| Basic materials, energy, industrials, agriculture, manufacturing, mining and quarrying | 3,0 % | 7,0 % |
| Consumer goods and services, transportation and storage, administrative and support service activities | 3,0 % | 8,5% |
| Technology, telecommunications | 2,0 % | 5,5 % |
| Health care, utilities, professional and technical activities | 1,5% | 5,0 % |
| Other sector | 5,0 % | 12,0 % |
Table 2
| Correlations between credit spread of counterparty and single-name hedge | |
| Single-name hedge h of counterparty i | Value of rhc |
| Counterparties referred to in Article 386(3)(a), point (i) | 100 % |
| Counterparties referred to in Article 386(3)(a), point (ii) | 80 % |
| Counterparties referred to in Article 386(3)(a), point (iii) | 50 % |
2. An institution that meets the condition referred in to paragraph 1, point (b), shall calculate the own funds requirements for CVA risk as follows:
where all the terms are the ones set out in paragraph 2.
Article 385 - Simplified approach
1. An institution that meets all the conditions set out in Article 273a(2) may calculate the own funds requirements for CVA risk as the risk-weighted exposure amounts for counterparty risk for non-trading book and trading book positions respectively, referred to in Article 92(3), points (a) and (f), divided by 12,5.2. For the purposes of the calculation referred to in paragraph 1, the following requirements shall apply:
(a)only transactions subject to the own funds requirements for CVA risk laid down in Article 382 shall be subject to that calculation;
(b)credit derivatives that are recognised as internal hedges against counterparty risk exposures shall not be included in that calculation.
3. An institution that no longer meets one or more of the conditions set out in Article 273a(2) shall comply with the requirements set out in Article 273b.
Article 386 - Eligible Hedges
1. Positions in hedging instruments shall be recognised as ‘eligible hedges’ for the calculation of own funds requirements for CVA risk in accordance with Articles 383 and 384 where those positions meet all of the following requirements:(a)those positions are used for the purpose of mitigating CVA risk and are managed as such;
(b)those positions can be entered into with third parties or with the institution’s trading book as an internal hedge, in which case they shall comply with the requirement set out in Article 106(7);
(c)only positions in hedging instruments as referred to in paragraphs 2 and 3 can be recognised as eligible hedges for the calculation of own funds requirements for CVA risks in accordance with Articles 383 and 384 respectively;
(d)a given hedging instrument forms a single position in an eligible hedge and cannot be split into more than one position in more than one eligible hedge.
2. For the calculation of the own funds requirements for CVA risk in accordance with Article 383, only positions in the following hedging instruments shall be recognised as eligible hedges:
(a)instruments that hedge variability of the counterparty credit spread, with the exception of instruments referred in to Article 325(5);
(b)instruments that hedge variability of the exposure component of CVA risk, with the exception of the instruments referred in to Article 325(5).
3. For the calculation of own funds requirements for CVA risk in accordance with Article 384, only positions in the following hedging instruments shall be recognised as eligible hedges:
(a)single-name credit default swaps and single-name contingent-credit default swaps, referencing:
(i)the counterparty directly;
(ii)an entity legally related to the counterparty, where legally related refers to cases where the reference name and the counterparty are either a parent and its subsidiary or two subsidiaries of a common parent;
(iii)an entity that belongs to the same sector and region as the counterparty;
(b)index credit default swaps.
4. Positions in hedging instruments entered into with third parties that are recognised as eligible hedges in accordance with paragraphs 1, 2 and 3 and included in the calculation of the own funds requirements for CVA risk shall not be subject to the own funds requirements for market risk set out in Title IV.
5. Positions in hedging instruments that are not recognised as eligible hedges in accordance with this Article shall subject to the own funds requirements for market risk set out in Title IV.’;
(171)Article 402 is amended as follows:
(a)paragraph 1 is amended as follows:
(i)the first subparagraph is replaced by the following:
‘For the calculation of exposure values for the purposes of Article 395, institutions may, except where prohibited by applicable national law, reduce the value of an exposure or any part of an exposure that is secured by residential property in accordance with Article 125(1) by the pledged amount of the property value, but by not more than 55 % of the property value, provided that all the following conditions are met:’;
(ii)point (a) is replaced by the following:
‘(a) the competent authorities of the Member States have not set a risk weight higher than 20 % for exposures or parts of exposures secured by residential property in accordance with Article 124(7);’;
(b)paragraph 2 is amended as follows:
(i)the first subparagraph is replaced by the following:
‘For the calculation of exposure values for the purposes of Article 395, institutions may, except where prohibited by applicable national law, reduce the value of an exposure or any part of an exposure that is secured by commercial property in accordance with Article 126(1) by the pledged amount of the property value, but by not more than 55 % of the property value, provided that all the following conditions are met:’;
(ii)point (a) is replaced by the following:
‘(a) the competent authorities of the Member States have not set a risk weight higher than 60 % for exposures or parts of exposures secured by residential property in accordance with Article 124(7);’;
(172)in Article 429, paragraph 6 is replaced by the following:
‘6. For the purposes of paragraph 4, point (e), of this Article and Article 429g, ‘regular-way purchase or sale’ means a purchase or a sale of a financial asset under contracts for which the terms require delivery of the financial asset within the period established generally by law or convention in the marketplace concerned.’;
(173)Article 429c is amended as follows:
(a)in paragraph 3, point (a) is replaced by the following:
‘(a) for trades not cleared through a QCCP, the cash received by the recipient counterparty is not segregated from the assets of the institution;’;
(b)paragraph 4 is replaced by the following:
‘4. For the purposes of paragraph 1 of this Article, institutions shall not include collateral received in the calculation of NICA as defined in Article 272, point (12a).’;
(c)the following paragraph 4a is inserted:
‘4a. By way of derogation from paragraphs 3 and 4, an institution may recognise any collateral received in accordance with Part Three, Title II, Chapter 6, Section 3 where all of the following conditions are met:
(a)the collateral is received from a client for a derivative contract cleared by the institution on behalf of that client;
(b)the contract referred to in point (a) is cleared through a QCCP;
(c)where the collateral has been received in the form of initial margin, that collateral is segregated from the assets of the institution.’;
(d)in paragraph 6, the first subparagraph is replaced by the following:
‘By way of derogation from paragraph 1 of this Article, institutions may use the method set out in Part Three, Title II, Chapter 6, Section 4 or 5 to determine the exposure value of derivative contracts listed in Annex II, points 1 and 2, but only where they also use that method for determining the exposure value of those contracts for the purposes of meeting the own funds requirements set out in Article 92(1), points (a), (b) and (c).’;
(174)Article 429f is amended as follows:
(a)paragraph 1 is replaced by the following:
‘1. Institutions shall calculate, in accordance with Article 111(2), the exposure value of off-balance-sheet items, excluding the derivative contracts listed in Annex II, credit derivatives, securities financing transactions and the positions referred to in Article 429d.
Where a commitment refers to the extension of another commitment, Article 166(9) shall apply.’;
(b)paragraph 3 is deleted;
(175)in Article 429g, paragraph 1 is replaced by the following:
‘1. Institutions shall treat cash related to regular-way purchases and financial assets related to regular-way sales which remain on the balance sheet until the settlement date as assets in accordance with Article 429(4), point (a).’;
(176)in Article 430, paragraph 1, the following point (h) is added:
‘(h) their exposures to ESG risks.’;
(177)in Article 430a, paragraph 1 is replaced by the following:
‘1. Institutions shall report to their competent authorities on an annual basis the following aggregate data for each national immovable property market to which they are exposed:
(a)losses stemming from exposures for which an institution has recognised residential property as collateral, up to the lower of the pledged amount and 55 % of the property value, unless otherwise decided under Article 124(7);
(b)overall losses stemming from exposures for which an institution has recognised residential property as collateral, up to the part of the exposure that is secured by residential property in accordance with Article 124(2), point (a);
(c)the exposure value of all outstanding exposures for which an institution has recognised residential property as collateral limited to the part that is secured by residential property in accordance with Article 124(2), point (a);
(d)losses stemming from exposures for which an institution has recognised immovable commercial property as collateral, up to the lower of the pledged amount and 55 % of the property value, unless otherwise decided under Article 124(7);
(e)overall losses stemming from exposures for which an institution has recognised immovable commercial property as collateral, up to the part of the exposure that is secured by immovable commercial property in accordance with Article 124(2), point (c);
(f)the exposure value of all outstanding exposures for which an institution has recognised immovable commercial property as collateral limited to the part that is secured by immovable commercial property in accordance with Article 124(2), point (c).’;
(178)Article 433 is replaced by the following:
‘Article 433
Frequency and scope of disclosures
Institutions shall disclose the information required under Titles II and III in the manner set out in this Article, Articles 433a, 433b, 433c and 434.
EBA shall publish annual disclosures on its website on the same date as the date on which institutions publish their financial statements or as soon as possible thereafter.
EBA shall publish semi-annual and quarterly disclosures on its website on the same date as the date on which the institutions publish their financial reports for the corresponding period where applicable or as soon as possible thereafter.
Any delay between the date of publication of the disclosures required under this Part and the relevant financial statements shall be reasonable and, in any event, shall not exceed the timeframe set by competent authorities pursuant to Article 106 of Directive 2013/36/EU.’;
(179)in Article 433a(1), point (c), point (i) is replaced by the following:
‘(i) points (d), (da) and (h) of Article 438;’;
(180)in Article 433b(1), point (a) is amended as follows:
(a)point (ii) is replaced by the following:
‘(ii) points (c), (d) and (da) of Article 438;’;
(b)the following point (iv) is added:
‘(iv) points (c) and (d) of Article 442;’;
(181)in Article 433c, paragraph 2 is amended as follows:
(a)point (d) is replaced by the following:
‘(d) points (c), (d) and (da) of Article 438:’;
(b)the following point (g) is added:
‘(g) points (c) and (d) of Article 442.’;
(182)Article 434 is replaced by the following:
‘Article 434
Means of disclosures
1. Institutions other than small and non-complex institutions shall submit all the information required under Titles II and III in electronic format to EBA no later than the date on which institutions publish their financial statements or financial reports for the corresponding period, where applicable, or as soon as possible thereafter. EBA shall also publish the submission date of this information.
EBA shall ensure that the disclosures made on the EBA website contain the information identical to what institutions submitted to EBA. Institutions shall have the right to resubmit to EBA the information in accordance with the technical standards referred to in Article 434a. EBA shall make available on its website the date when the resubmission took place.
EBA shall prepare and keep up-to-date the tool that specifies the mapping of the templates and tables for disclosures with those on supervisory reporting. The mapping tool shall be accessible to the public on the EBA website.
Institutions may continue to publish a standalone document that provides a readily accessible source of prudential information for users of that information or a distinctive section included in or appended to the institutions' financial statements or financial reports containing the required disclosures and being easily identifiable to those users. Institutions may include in their website a link to the EBA website where the prudential information is published on a centralised manner.
2. Large institutions and other institutions that are not large institutions or small and non-complex institutions shall submit to EBA the disclosures referred to in Article 433a and Article 433c respectively, but not later than on the date of the publication of financial statements or financial reports for the corresponding period or as soon as possible thereafter. If disclosure is required to be made for a period when an institution does not prepare any financial report, the institution shall submit to EBA the information on disclosures as soon as practicable.
3. EBA shall publish on its website the disclosures of small and non-complex institutions on the basis of the information reported by those institutions to competent authorities in accordance with Article 430.
4. While ownership of the data and the responsibility for its accuracy remain with the institutions that produce it, EBA shall make available on its website the information required to be disclosed in accordance with this Part. That archive shall be kept accessible for a period of time that shall be no less than the storage period set by national law for information included in the institutions' financial reports.
5. EBA shall monitor the number of visits to its single access point on institutions’ disclosures and include the related statistics in its annual reports.’;
(183)Article 434a is amended as follows:
(a)the first sentence of the first paragraph is replaced by the following:
‘EBA shall develop draft implementing technical standards to specify uniform disclosure formats, the associated instructions, information on the resubmission policy and IT solutions for disclosures required under Titles II and III.’;
(b)the fourth sentence of the first paragraph is replaced by the following:
‘EBA shall submit those draft implementing technical standards to the Commission by [OP please insert the date = one year after the entry into force of this Regulation]’;
(184)Article 438 is amended as follows:
(a)point (b) is replaced by the following:
‘(b) the amount of the additional own funds requirements based on the supervisory review process as referred to in Article 104(1), point (a), of Directive 2013/36/EU to address risks other than the risk of excessive leverage and its composition;’;
(a)point (d) is replaced by the following:
‘(d) the total risk exposure amounts as calculated in accordance with Article 92(3) and the corresponding own funds requirements as determined in accordance with Article 92(2), to be broken down by the different risk or exposure categories and sub-categories, as applicable, set out in Part Three and, where applicable, an explanation of the effect on the calculation of own funds and risk-weighted exposure amounts that results from applying capital floors and not deducting items from own funds;’;
(c)the following point (da) is added:
‘(da) where required to calculate the following amounts, the un-floored total risk exposure amount as calculated in accordance with Article 92(4), and the standardised total risk exposure amount as calculated in accordance with Article 92(5), to be broken down by the different risk categories and sub-categories, as applicable, set out in Part Three and, where applicable, an explanation of the effect on the calculation of own funds and risk-weighted exposure amounts that results from applying capital floors and not deducting items from own funds;’;
(185)Article 445 is replaced as follows:
‘Article 445
Disclosure of exposures to market risk under the standardised approach
1. Institutions that have not been granted a permission by competent authorities to use the alternative internal market risk model approach as set out in Article 325az, and that use the Simplified Standardised Approach in accordance with Article 325a or Part Three, Title IV, Chapter 1a, shall disclose a general overview of their trading book positions.
2. Institutions calculating their own funds requirements in accordance with Part Three, Title IV, Chapter 1a, shall disclose their total own funds requirements, their own funds requirements for the sensitivities-based methods, their default risk charge and their own funds requirements for residual risks. The disclosure of own funds requirements for the measures of the sensitivities-based methods and for the default risk shall be broken down for the following instruments:
(a)financial instruments other than securitisation instruments held in the trading book, with a breakdown by risk class, and a separate identification of the default risk own funds requirements;
(b)securitisation instruments not held in the ACTP, with a separate identification of the own funds requirements for credit spread risk and of the own funds requirements for default risk;
(c)securitisation instruments held in the ACTP, with a separate identification of the own funds requirements for credit spread risk and of the own funds requirements for default risk.’;
(186)The following Article 445a is inserted:
‘Article 445a
Disclosure of CVA risk
1. Institutions subject to the own fund requirements for CVA risk shall disclose the following information:
(a)a general overview of their processes to identify, measure, hedge and monitor their CVA risk;
(b)whether institutions meet all the conditions set out in Article 273a(2); where those conditions are met, whether institutions have chosen to calculate the own funds requirements for CVA risk using the simplified approach set out in Article 385; where institutions have chosen to calculate the own funds requirements for CVA risk using the simplified approach, the own funds requirements for CVA risk in accordance with that approach;
(c)the total number of counterparties for which the standardised approach is used, with a breakdown by counterparty types.
2. Institutions using the standardised approach as defined in Article 383 for the calculation of own funds requirements for CVA risk shall disclose, in addition to the information referred to in paragraph 1, the following information:
(a)the structure and the organisation of the their internal CVA risk management function and governance;
(b)their total own funds requirements for CVA risk under the standardised approach with a breakdown by risk class;
(c)an overview of the eligible hedges used in that calculation, with a breakdown per types as defined in Article 386(2).
3. Institutions using the basic approach as defined in Article 384 for the calculation of own funds requirements for CVA risk shall also disclose, in addition to the information referred to in paragraph 1, the following information:
(a)their total own funds requirements for CVA risk under the basic approach, and the components and
(b)an overview of the eligible hedges used in this calculation, with a breakdown per types as defined in Article 386(3).’;
(187)Article 446 is replaced by the following:
‘Article 446
Disclosure of operational risk
1. Institutions shall disclose the following information:
(a)the main characteristics and elements of their operational risk management framework;
(b)their own funds requirement for operational risk;
(c)the business indicator component calculated in accordance with Article 313;
(d)the business indicator, calculated in accordance with Article 314(1), and the amounts of each of the business indicator sub-items for each of the three years relevant for the calculation of the business indicator;
(e)the number and amounts of business indicator items that were excluded from the calculation of the business indicator in accordance with Article 315(2), as well as the corresponding justifications for the exclusion.
2. Institutions that calculate their annual operational risk losses in accordance with Article 316(1) shall disclose the following information in addition to the information listed in paragraph 1:
(a)their annual operational risk losses for each of the last ten years, calculated in accordance with Article 316(1);
(b)the number and amounts of operational risk losses that were excluded from the calculation of the annual operational risk loss in accordance with Article 320(1), and the corresponding justifications for that exclusion.’;
(188)Article 447 is amended as follows:
(a)point (a) is replaced by the following:
‘(a) the composition of their own funds and their risk-based capital ratios as calculated in accordance with Article 92(2);’;
(b)the following point (aa) is added:
‘(aa) where applicable, the risk-based capital ratios as calculated in accordance with Article 92(2), by using un-floored total risk exposure amounts instead of total risk exposure amounts;’;
(c)point (b) is replaced by the following:
‘(b) the total risk exposure amounts as calculated in accordance with Article 92(3) and, where applicable, the un-floored total risk exposure amounts as calculated in accordance with Article 92(4);’;
(d)point (d) is replaced by the following:
‘(d) the combined buffer requirement which the institutions are required to hold in accordance with Chapter 4 of Title VII of Directive 2013/36/EU;’;
(189)Article 449a is replaced by the following:
‘Article 449a
Disclosure of environmental, social and governance risks (ESG risks)
Institutions shall disclose information on ESG risks, including physical risks and transition risks.
The information referred to in the first paragraph shall be disclosed on an annual basis by small and non-complex institutions and on a semi-annual basis by other institutions.
EBA shall develop draft implementing technical standards specifying uniform disclosure formats for ESG risks, as laid down in Article 434a, ensuring that they are consistent with and uphold the principle of proportionality.’ For small and non-complex institutions, the formats shall not require disclosure of information beyond the information required to be reported to competent authorities in accordance with Article 430(1), point (h).’;
(190)in Article 451(1), the following point (f) is added:
‘(f) the amount of the additional own funds requirements based on the supervisory review process as referred to in Article 104(1), point (a), of Directive 2013/36/EU to address the risk of excessive leverage and its composition.’;
(191)Article 455 is replaced as follows:
‘Article 455
Use of internal models for market risk
1. An institution using the internal models referred to in Article 325az for the calculation of own funds requirements for market risk shall disclose:
(a)the institution’s objectives in undertaking trading activities and the processes implemented to identify, measure, monitor and control the institution’s market risks;
(b)the policies referred to in Article 104(1) for determining which position is to be included in the trading book;
(c)a general description of the structure of the trading desks covered by the internal models referred to in Article 325az, including for each desk a broad description of the desk's business strategy, the instruments permitted therein and the main risk types in relation to that desk;
(d)a general overview of the trading book positions not covered by the internal models referred to in Article 325az, including a general description of the desk structure and of type of instruments included in the desks or in the desks categories in accordance with Article 104b;
(e)the structure and organisation of the market risk management function and governance;
(f)the scope, the main characteristics and the key modelling choices of the different internal models referred to in Article 325az used to calculate the risk exposure amounts for the main models used at the consolidated level, and a description to what extent those internal models represent all the models used at the consolidated level, including where applicable:
(i)a broad description of the modelling approach used to calculate the expected shortfall referred to in Article 325ba(1), point (a), including the frequency of data update;
(ii)a broad description of the methodology used to calculate the stress scenario risk measure referred to in Article 325ba(1), point (b), other than the specifications provided for in Article 325bk(3);
(iii)a broad description of the modelling approach used to calculate the default risk charge referred to in Article 325ba(2), including the frequency of data update.
2. Institutions shall disclose on an aggregate basis for all the trading desks covered by the internal models referred to in Article 325az the following components, where applicable:
(a)the most recent value as well as the highest, lowest and mean value for the previous 60 business days of:
(i)the unconstrained expected shortfall measure as defined in Article 325bb(1);
(ii)the unconstrained expected shortfall measure as defined in Article 325bb(1) for each regulatory broad risk factor category;
(b)the most recent value as well as the mean value for the previous 60 business days of:
(i)the expected shortfall risk measure as defined in Article 325bb(1);
(ii)the stress scenario risk measure as defined in Article 325ba(1), point (b);
(iii)the own funds requirement for default risk as defined in Article 325ba(2);
(iv)the sum of the own funds requirements as defined in Articles 325ba(1) and 325ba(2), including the applicable multiplier factor;
(c)the number of backtesting overshootings over the last 250 business days at the 99th percentile as referred to in Article 325bf(1), points (a) and (b), separately.
4. Institutions shall disclose on an aggregate basis for all trading desks the own funds requirements for market risks that would be calculated in accordance with this Title, Chapter 1a, had the institutions not been granted any permission to use their internal models for those trading desks.’;
(192)Article 458 is amended as follows:
(a)paragraph 6 is replaced by the following:
‘6. Where Member States recognise the measures set in accordance with this Article, they shall notify the ESRB. The ESRB shall forward such notifications without delay to the Council, the Commission, the EBA, the ESRB and the Member State authorised to apply the measures.’;
(b)paragraph 9 is replaced by the following:
‘9. Before the expiry of the authorisation issued in accordance with paragraphs and 4, the Member State concerned shall, in consultation with the ESRB, and the EBA and the Commission, review the situation and may adopt, in accordance with the procedure referred to in paragraphs 2 and 4, a new decision for the extension of the period of application of national measures for up to two additional years each time.’;
(193)Article 461a is replaced by the following:
‘Article 461a
Own funds requirement for market risks
‘The Commission shall monitor the implementation of the international standards on own funds requirements for market risk in third countries. Where significant differences between the Union implementation and third countries’ implementation of those international standards are observed, including as regards the impact of the rules in terms of own funds requirements and as regards their entry into application, the Commission shall be empowered to adopt a delegated act in accordance with Article 462 to amend this Regulation by:
(a)applying, where necessary to deliver a level playing field, a multiplier equal to or greater than 0 and lower than 1 to the institutions’ own funds requirements for market risk, calculated for specific risk classes and specific risk factors using one of the approaches referred to in Article 325(1), and laid out in:
(i)Articles 325c to 325ay, specifying the alternative standardised approach;
(ii)Articles 325az to 325bp, specifying the alternative internal model approach;
(iii)Articles 326 to 361, specifying the simplified standardised approach, to offset those observed differences between the third countries rules and Union law;
(b)postponing by two years the date from which institutions shall apply the own funds requirements for market risk set out in Part Three, Title IV, or any of the approaches to calculate the own funds requirements for market risk referred to in Article 325(1).’;
(194)the following Article 461b is inserted:
‘Article 461b
Prudential treatment of crypto assets
By 31 December 2025, the Commission shall review whether a dedicated prudential treatment should be developed for exposures to crypto assets, and shall, after consulting EBA and taking into account international
(195)developments, submit a report to the European Parliament and to the Council, together with a legislative proposal, where appropriate.’Article 462 is amended as follows:
(a)paragraphs 2 and 3 are replaced by the following:
‘2. The power to adopt delegated acts referred to in Articles 244(6) and 245(6), in Articles 456 to 460 and in Articles 461a and 461b shall be conferred on the Commission for an indeterminate period of time from 28 June 2013.
3. The delegation of power referred to in Articles 244(6) and 245(6), in Articles 456 to 460 and in Article 461a and 461b may be revoked at any time by the European Parliament or by the Council. A decision to revoke shall put an end to the delegation of the power specified in that decision. It shall take effect the day following the publication of the decision in the Official Journal of the European Union or at a later date specified therein. It shall not affect the validity of the delegated acts already in force.’;
(b)paragraph 6 is replaced by the following:
‘6. A delegated act adopted pursuant to Articles 244(6) and 245(6), Articles 456 to 460 and Articles 461a and 461b shall enter into force only if no objection has been expressed by the European Parliament or the Council within a period of three months of notification of that act to the European Parliament and the Council or if, before the expiry of that period, the European Parliament and the Council have both informed the Commission that they will not object. That period shall be extended by three months at the initiative of the European Parliament or of the Council.’;
(196)Article 465 is replaced by the following:
‘Article 465
Transitional arrangements for the output floor
1. By way of derogation from Article 92, paragraphs 3 and 6, parent institutions, parent financial holding companies, parent mixed financial holding companies, stand-alone institutions in the EU or stand-alone subsidiary institutions in Member States may apply the following factor ‘x’ where calculating TREA:
(a)50 % during the period from 1 January 2025 to 31 December 2025;
(b)55 % during the period from 1 January 2026 to 31 December 2026;
(c)60 % during the period from 1 January 2027 to 31 December 2027;
(d)65 % during the period from 1 January 2028 to 31 December 2028;
(e)70 % during the period from 1 January 2029 to 31 December 2029;
2. By way of derogation from Article 92(3), point (a), EU parent institutions, EU parent financial holding companies or an EU parent mixed financial holding companies, stand-alone institutions in the EU or stand-alone subsidiary institutions in Member States may, until 31 December 2029, apply the following formula when calculating TREA:
For the purposes of that calculation, EU parent institutions, EU parent financial holding companies or an EU parent mixed financial holding companies shall take into account the relevant factors ‘x’ referred to in paragraph 1.
3. By way of derogation from Article 92(5)(a), point (i), parent institutions, parent financial holding companies or parent mixed financial holding companies, stand-alone institutions in the EU or stand-alone subsidiary institutions in Member States may, until 31 December2032, assign a risk weight of 65 % to exposures to corporates for which no credit assessment by a nominated ECAI is available provided that that entity estimates the PD of those exposures, calculated in accordance with Part Three, Title II, Chapter 3, is no higher than 0,5 %.
EBA shall monitor the use of the transitional treatment laid down in the first subparagraph and the availability of credit assessments by nominated ECAIs for exposures to corporates. EBA shall report its findings to the Commission by 31 December 2028.
On the basis of that report and taking due account of the related internationally agreed standards developed by the BCBS, the Commission shall, where appropriate, submit to the European Parliament and to the Council a legislative proposal by 31 December 2031.
4. By way of derogation from Article 92(5)(a), point (iv), parent institutions, parent financial holding companies or parent mixed financial holding companies, stand-alone institutions in the EU or stand-alone subsidiary institutions in Member States shall, until 31 December 2029, replace alpha by 1 in the calculation of the exposure value for the contracts listed in Annex II in accordance with the approaches set out in Part Three, Title II, Chapter 6, Sections 3 and 4, where the same exposure values are calculated in accordance with the approach set out in Part Three, Title II, Chapter 3, Section 6 for the purposes of the total un-floored risk exposure amount.
The Commission may, having taken into account the EBA report referred to in Article 514, adopt a delegated act in accordance with Article 462 to permanently modify the value of alpha, where appropriate.
5. By way of derogation from Article 92(5)(a), point (i), Member States may, allow parent institutions, parent financial holding companies or parent mixed financial holding companies, stand-alone institutions in the EU or stand-alone subsidiary institutions in Member States to assign the following risk weights provided that all the conditions in the second subparagraph are met.
(a)until 31 December 2032, a risk weight of 10 % to the part of the exposures secured by mortgages on residential property up to 55 % of the property value remaining after any senior or pari passu ranking liens not held by the institution have been deducted,
(b)until 31 December 2029, a risk weight of 45% to any remaining part of the exposures secured by mortgages on residential property up to 80 % of the property value remaining after any senior or pari passu ranking liens not held by the institution have been deducted, provided that the adjustment to own funds requirements for credit risk referred to in Article 501 is not applied.
For the purposes of assigning the risk weights in accordance with the first subparagraph, all of the following conditions shall be met:
(a)the qualifying exposures are located in the Member State that has exercised the discretion;
(b)over the last six years the institution’s losses on the part of such exposures up to 55 % of the property value do not exceed on average 0,25 % of the total amount, across all such exposures, of credit obligations outstanding in a given year;
(c)for the qualifying exposures the institution has both the following claims in the event of the default or non-payment of the obligor:
(i)a claim on the residential immovable property securing the exposure;
(ii)a claim on the other assets and income of the obligor;
(d)the competent authority has verified that the conditions in points (a), (b) and (c) are met.
Where the discretion referred to in the first subparagraph has been exercised and all the associated conditions in the second subparagraph are met, institutions may assign the following risk weights to the remaining part of the exposures referred to in the second subparagraph, point (b), until 31 December 2032:
(a)52,5 % during the period from 1 January 2030 to 31 December 2030;
(b)60 % during the period from 1 January 2031 to 31 December 2031;
(c)67,5 % during the period from 1 January 2032 to 31 December 2032.
When Member States exercise that discretion, they shall notify EBA and substantiate their decision. Competent authorities shall notify the details of all the verifications referred to in the first subparagraph, point (c), to EBA.
EBA shall monitor the use of the transitional treatment in the first subparagraph and report to the Commission by 31 December 2028 on the appropriateness of the associated risk weights.
On the basis of that report and taking due account of the related internationally agreed standards developed by the BCBS, the Commission shall, where appropriate, submit to the European Parliament and to the Council a legislative proposal by 31 December 2031.’;
(197)the following Article 494d is inserted:
‘Article 494d
Reversal from the IRB Approach to the Standardised Approach
By way of derogation from Article 149, paragraphs 1, 2 and 3, an institution may from 1 January 2025 until 31 December 2027, revert to the Standardised Approach for one or more of the exposure classes provided for in Article 147(2), where all the following conditions are met:
(a)the institution was already on [OP please insert date = one day before the date of entry into force of this amending Regulation] in existence and authorised by its competent authority to treat those exposure classes under the IRB Approach;
(b)the institution requests a reversal to the Standardised Approach only once during that three year period;
(c)the request to revert to the Standardised Approach is not made with a view to engage in regulatory arbitrage;
(d)the institution has formally notified the competent authority that it wishes to revert to the Standardised Approach for those exposure classes at least six months before it effectively does revert to that approach;
(e)the competent authority has not objected to the institution’s request to such reversal within three months from the reception of the notification referred to in point (d).’;
(198)Article 495 is replaced by the following:
‘Article 495
Treatment of equity exposures under the IRB Approach
1. By way of derogation from Article 107(1), second subparagraph, institutions that have received the permission to apply the Internal Ratings Based Approach to calculate the risk weighted exposure amount for equity exposures shall, until 31 December 2029, calculate the risk weighted exposure amount for each equity exposure for which they have received the permission to apply the Internal Ratings Based Approach as the higher of the following:
(a)the risk weighted exposure amount calculated in accordance with Article 495a, paragraphs 1 and 2;
(b)the risk weighted exposure amount calculated under this Regulation as it stood prior to [OP please insert the date = date of entry into force of this amending Regulation]
2. Instead of applying the treatment laid down in paragraph 1, institutions that have received the permission to apply the Internal Ratings Based Approach to calculate the risk weighted exposure amount for equity exposures may choose to apply the treatment set out in Article 133 and the transitional arrangements in Article 495a to all of their equity exposures at any time until 31 December 2029.
For the purposes of this paragraph, the conditions to revert to the use of less sophisticated approaches laid down in Article 149 shall not apply.
3. Institutions applying the treatment laid down in paragraph 1 shall calculate EL in accordance with Article 158, paragraphs 7, 8 or 9, as applicable, as those paragraphs stood on 1 January 2021.
4. Where institutions request the permission to apply the IRB Approach to calculate the risk weighted exposure amount for equity exposures, competent authorities shall not grant such permission after [OP please insert the date = date of application of this Regulation].’;
(199)the following Articles 495a, 495b and 495d are inserted:
‘Article 495a
Transitional arrangements for equity exposures
1. By way of derogation from the treatment laid down in Article 133(3), equity exposures shall be assigned the following risk-weights:
(a)100 % during the period from 1 January 2025 to 31 December 2025;
(b)130 % during the period from 1 January 2026 to 31 December 2026;
(c)160 % during the period from 1 January 2027 to 31 December 2027;
(d)190 % during the period from 1 January 2028 to 31 December 2028;
(e)220 % during the period from 1 January 2029 to 31 December 2029.
2. By way of derogation from the treatment laid down in Article 133(4), equity exposures shall be assigned the following risk-weights:
(a)100 % during the period from 1 January 2025 to 31 December 2025;
(b)160 % during the period from 1 January 2026 to 31 December 2026;
(c)220 % during the period from 1 January 2027 to 31 December 2027;
(d)280 % during the period from 1 January 2028 to 31 December 2028;
(e)340 % during the period from 1 January 2029 to 31 December 2029.
3. By way of derogation from Article 133, institutions may continue to assign the same risk weight that was applicable as of [OP please insert the date = one day before the date of entry into force of this amending Regulation] to equity exposures to entities of which they have been a shareholder at [adoption date] for six consecutive years and over which they exercise significant influence in the meaning of Directive 2013/34/EU, or the accounting standards to which an institution is subject under Regulation (EC) No 1606/2002, or a similar relationship between any natural or legal person and an undertaking.
Article 495 - b Transitional arrangements for specialised lending exposures
1. By way of derogation from Article 161(4), the LGD input floors applicable to specialised lending exposures treated under the IRB Approach where own estimates of LGDs are used, shall be the applicable LGD input floors provided for in Article 161(4), multiplied by the following factors:(a)50 % during the period from 1 January 2025 to 31 December 2027;
(b)80 % during the period from 1 January 2028 to 31 December 2028;
(c)100 % during the period from 1 January 2029 to 31 December 2029.
2. EBA shall prepare a report on the appropriate calibration of risk parameters applicable to specialised lending exposures under the IRB Approach, and in particular on own estimates of LGD and LGD input floors. EBA shall in particular include in its report data on average numbers of defaults and realised losses observed in the Union for different samples of institutions with different business and risk profiles.
EBA shall submit the report on its findings to the European Parliament, to the Council, and to the Commission, by 31 December 2025.
On the basis of that report, the Commission shall be empowered to amend this Regulation by adopting a delegated act, where appropriate, in accordance with Article 462, to amend the treatment applicable to specialised lending exposures under Part Three, Title II.’;
Article 495 - c Transitional arrangements for leasing exposures as a CRM technique
1. By way of derogation from Article 230, the applicable value of Hc corresponding to ‘other physical collateral’ for the exposures referred to in Article 199(7) where the property leased corresponds to the ‘other physical collateral’ type of funded credit protection, shall be the value of Hc for ‘other physical collateral’ provided for in Article 230(2), Table 1, multiplied by the following factors:(a)50 % during the period from 1 January 2025 to 31 December 2027;
(b)80 % during the period from 1 January 2028 to 31 December 2028;
(c)100 % during the period from 1 January 2029 to 31 December 2029.
2. EBA shall prepare a report on the appropriate calibrations of risk parameters associated with leasing exposures under the IRB Approach, and in particular on the LGDs and Hc provided for in Article 230. EBA shall in particular include in its report data on average numbers of defaults and realised losses observed in the Union for exposures associated with different types of leased properties and different types of institutions practicing leasing activities.
EBA shall submit the report on its finding to the European Parliament, to the Council, and to the Commission, by 30 June 2026.
On the basis of that report, the Commission shall be empowered to amend this Regulation by adopting a delegated act, where appropriate, in accordance with Article 462, to amend the treatment applicable to exposures arising from leasing under Part Three, Title II.’;
Article 495 - d Transitional arrangements for unconditional cancellable commitments
1. By way of derogation from Article 111(2), institutions shall calculate the exposure value of an off-balance sheet item in the form of unconditionally cancellable commitment by multiplying the percentage provided for in that Article by the following factors:(a)0 % during the period from 1 January 2025 to 31 December 2029;
(b)25 % during the period from 1 January 2030 to 31 December 2030;
(c)50 % during the period from 1 January 2031 to 31 December 2031;
(d)75 % during the period from 1 January 2032 to 31 December 2032.
2. EBA shall prepare a report to assess whether the derogation referred to in paragraph 1, point (a), should be extended beyond 31 December 2032 and, where necessary, the conditions under which that derogation should be maintained.
EBA shall submit the report on its finding to the European Parliament, to the Council, and to the Commission, by 31 December 2028.
On the basis of that report and taking due account of the related internationally agreed standards developed by the BCBS, the Commission shall, where appropriate, submit to the European Parliament and to the Council a legislative proposal by 31 December 2031.’;
(200)in Article 501(2), point (b) is replaced by the following:
‘(b) an SME shall have the meaning laid down in Article 5, point (8);’;
(201)Article 501a(1) is amended as follows:
(a)point (a) is replaced by the following:
‘(a) the exposure is assigned to the corporate exposure class referred to either in Article 112, point (g), or in Article 147(2), point (c), with the exclusion of exposures in default;’;
(b)point (f) is replaced by the following:
‘(f) the refinancing risk of the exposure by the obligor is low or adequately mitigated, taking into account any subsidies, grants or funding provided by one or more of the entities listed in paragraph 2, points (b)(i) and (b)(ii);’;
(202)Article 501c,is replaced by the following:
‘Article 501c
Prudential treatment of exposures to environmental and/or social factors
EBA, after consulting the ESRB, shall, on the basis of available data and the findings of the Commission High-Level Expert Group on Sustainable Finance, assess whether a dedicated prudential treatment of exposures related to assets, including securitisations, or activities subject to impacts from environmental and/or social factors would be justified. In particular, EBA shall assess:
(a)methodologies for the assessment of the effective riskiness of exposures related to assets and activities subject to impacts from environmental and/or social factors compared to the riskiness of other exposure;
(b)the development of appropriate criteria for the assessment of physical risks and transition risks, including the risks related to the depreciation of assets due to regulatory changes;
(c)the potential short, medium and long-term effects of a dedicated prudential treatment of exposures related to assets and activities subject to impacts from environmental and/or social factors on financial stability and bank lending in the Union.
EBA shall submit a report on its findings to the European Parliament, to the Council and to the Commission by 28 June 2023.’;
(203)Articles 505 and 506 are replaced by the following:
‘Article 505
Review of agricultural financing
By 31 December 2030, EBA shall report to the Commission on the impact of the requirements of this Regulation on agricultural financing.
Article 506 - Credit risk – credit insurance
By 31 December 2026, EBA shall report to the Commission on the eligibility and use of policy insurance as credit risk mitigation techniques and on the appropriateness of the associated risk parameters referred to in Part Three, Title II, Chapter 3 and 4.Based on the report by EBA, the Commission shall be empowered to amend this Regulation by adopting a delegated act, where appropriate, in accordance with Article 462, to amend the treatment applicable to credit insurance referred to in Part Three, Title II.’;
(204)the following Article 506c is inserted:
‘Article 506c
Credit risk – interaction between Common equity Tier 1 reductions and credit risk parameters
By 31 December 2026, EBA shall report to the Commission on the consistency between the current measurement of credit risk and the individual credit risk parameters and on the treatment of any adjustments for the purpose of the computation of the IRB shortfall or excess as referred to in Article 159, and on its consistency with the determination of the exposure value in accordance with Article 166 of this Regulation and with the LGD estimation. The report shall consider the maximum possible economic loss arising from a default event along with its achieved coverage in terms of Common equity Tier 1 capital reductions, taking into account any accounting-based Common equity Tier 1 capital reductions, including from expected credit losses or fair value adjustments, and any discounts on received exposures, and their implications for regulatory deductions.’;
(205)the following Articles 519c and 519d are inserted:
‘Article 519c
Minimum haircut floors framework for SFTs
EBA, in close cooperation with ESMA, shall, by [OP please insert the date = 12 months after entry into force of this Regulation], report to the Commission on the appropriateness of implementing in Union law the minimum haircut floors framework applicable to SFTs to address the potential build-up of leverage outside the banking sector.
The report referred to in the first sub-paragraph shall consider all of the following:
(a)the degree of leverage outside the banking system in the Union and to which extent the minimum haircut floors framework could reduce that leverage if that leverage would become excessive;
(b)the materiality of the SFTs held by EU institutions and subject to the minimum haircut floors framework, including the breakdown of those SFTs which do not comply with the minimum haircut floors;
(c)the estimated impact of the minimum haircut floors framework for EU institutions under the two implementation approaches recommended by the FSB that is a market regulation or a more punitive own funds requirement under this Regulation, under a scenario under which EU institutions would not adjust the haircuts of their SFTs to comply with the minimum haircut floors and an alternative scenario under which they would adjust those haircuts to comply with the minimum haircut floors;
(d)the main drivers behind those estimated impacts, as well as potential unintended consequences of introducing the minimum haircut floors framework on the functioning of the EU SFT markets;
(e)the implementation approach that would be the most effective to meet the regulatory objectives of the minimum haircut floor framework, in light of the considerations laid down in points (a) to (d) and taking into account the level playing field across the financial sector in the Union.
On the basis of that report and taking due account of the FSB recommendation to implement the minimum haircut floors framework applicable to SFTs, as well as the related internationally agreed standards developed by the BCBS, the Commission shall, where appropriate, submit to the European Parliament and to the Council a legislative proposal by [OP please insert the date = 24 months after entry into force of this Regulation].
Article 519 - d Operational risk
By [OP please insert the date = 60 months after date of application of Part Three, Title III], the EBA shall report to the Commission on all of the following:(a)the use of insurance in the context of the calculation of the own funds requirements for operational risk;
(b)whether the recognition of insurance recoveries may allow for regulatory arbitrage by reducing the annual operational risk loss without a commensurate reduction in the actual operational loss exposure;
(c)whether the recognition of insurance recoveries has a different impact on the appropriate coverage of recurring losses and of potential tail losses, respectively.
On the basis of that report, the Commission shall, where appropriate, submit to the European Parliament and to the Council a legislative proposal by [OP please insert the date = 72 months after date of application of Part Three, Title III].’;
(206)Annex I is replaced by the Annex to this Regulation.
Article 2 - Entry into force and date of application
2. This Regulation shall apply from 1 January 2025, with the following exceptions:
(a)the provisions in points (1)(a), (b) and(c), (e) to (h), (j), (u), (v) and (x) concerning certain definitions, the provisions in point (6) concerning the scope of prudential consolidation as well as the provisions in points (8), (10) to (12), and (14) to (23) concerning own funds and eligible liabilities, which shall apply from [OP please insert date = 6 months after date of entry into force of this Regulation];
(b)the provisions in points (1)(d) and (4) concerning amendments in accordance with Regulation (EU) 2019/2033, and the provisions in point (47) concerning to the treatment of exposures in default, which shall apply from the date of entry into force of this Regulation;
(c)the provisions in points (9), (26)(a), (27), (28)(a), (29), (34), (41), (42), (44), (47), (54), (59)(c) (60)(c), (61)(g) and (h), (64)(c), 66(d), (69), (81), (85)(b), (90)(c), (91)(c), (92)(c), (131), (132)(b), (136)(d), (153), (154)(d), (155)(c), (156)(b), (166)(c), (169), (178), (182), (183), (189), (192), (194), (196), (199), (201) to (205) that require European Supervisory Authorities or the ESRB to submit to the Commission draft regulatory or implementing technical standards and reports, the provisions that require the Commission to produce reports, the provisions that empower the Commission to adopt delegated acts or implementing acts, the provisions on review and the provisions that require the European Supervisory Authorities to issue guidelines, which shall apply from the date of entry into force of this Regulation.
This Regulation shall be binding in its entirety and directly applicable in the Member States in accordance with the Treaties.